Name: ______SCORE:______

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BODY SYSTEMS:

The Integumentary System

  1. What are the functions of the Integumentary System? P. 936 & 938-939
  1. What is the main organ of the Integumentary System? ______
  2. List the four tissues this organ is made up of and the functions: P. 936
  3. ______: ______
  4. ______: ______
  5. ______: ______
  6. ______: ______
  7. What are the 3 layers of the skin? P.936 ______
  8. What is the function of your Epidermis Layer of the skin? P. 936 ______
  9. What is the function of your Dermis Layer of the skin? P. 937 ______
  10. What is the function of your Subcutaneous (“hypodermis”) layer of the skin? P. 937
  11. Keratin is found in your epidermis. What is keratin? P. 936 ______
  12. Your epidermal tissue contains melanocytes that produce a pigment protein called melanin. What does melanin do for your body? P. 937

The Skeletal System

  1. How many bones does the average human adult skeleton have? P. 941 ______
  1. Besides bones, what else makes up the skeletal system? P. 941 ______
  2. What is the main function of the skeletal system? P. 941 ______
  3. What is the difference between the axial and the appendicular skeleton? P. 941 ______

______

  1. List the 2 types of bone marrow and their functions. P. 942
  2. ______bone marrow: ______
  3. ______bone marrow: ______
  4. What 2 minerals do your bones store? P. 922
  5. What are the skeletons of embryos made of? ______What does it develop into? ______P.943
  6. What is the function of an osteoblast: ______P. 943
  7. What is a joint? P. 944 ______
  8. What do ligaments do for our bones? P. 944 ______

The Muscular System

  1. What are the types of cells found within the body? What is the origin of each one? ______P. 258
  1. What is the main job of the muscular system? P. 947 ______
  2. What are the three different types of muscle tissues? P. 947
  3. ______muscle
  4. ______muscle
  5. ______muscle
  6. Where do you find a. skeletal muscle? P. 948 ______
  7. Smooth muscle? P. 947______
  8. Cardiac muscle? P. 947 ______
  9. What 2 muscle types are involuntary? P. 947 ______
  10. What muscle type is voluntary? P. 948 ______
  11. The striations in skeletal muscle cells are formed by alternating patterns of thick and thin filaments.

What are the thick filaments called? P. 948 ______The thin filaments are called? P. 948 ______

  1. The tiny myosin and actin filaments are the force-producing engines that cause a muscle to contract. Below describe how a muscle contracts: aka the Sliding Filament Theory. P. 949

______

______

  1. The process described above takes a lot of ATP energy. What organelle would you find in high numbers within a muscle cell? ______(*HINT: this organelle performs cellular respiration)
  2. What is a tendon? P. 948 ______

The Excretory System

  1. What is the function of the excretory system? P. 1005 ______
  1. What organs are involved with the excretory system? P. 1005 ______
  2. What do our kidneys do? P. 1006 ______
  3. What is the filtering part of the kidney called? ______What is its function? P. 1006
  4. What do the kidneys help the body to maintain? P. 1007

The Digestive System

  1. What are the 3 functions of the digestive system? P. 1020
  1. Where does digestion begin? P. 1020 ______What type of digestion is this? ______
  2. Where is food chemically digested? P. 1020 ______How does it work?
  3. What is peristalsis? P. 1021______
  4. What organ of your digestive system is your food absorbed into your bloodstream? P. 1023 ______
  5. What are villi? P. 1023 ______
  6. What lives within the large intestines and has a mutualistic relationship with humans? P. 984 ______
  7. What is food called that cannot be digested? P. 1023 ______What happens to it? P. 1024
  8. What happens to excess water in the large intestines? P. 1024 ______
  9. How does the change in pH in the stomach aid in digestion? P. 1020

The Respiratory System

  1. What is the main function of the respiratory system? P. 1000 ______
  1. What is the difference between internal and external respiration?
  1. What is the primary gas that the blood transports to tissues? P. 1002 ______Gas blood gets rid of? ______
  2. List the 7 organs of the respiratory system: P. 956 ______
  3. What other systems or organs does the respiratory system combine with in order to function? P. 1003

(*HINT: this system transports gases and nutrients throughout the body).

  1. Where does gas exchange occur within the Respiratory System? P. 1003
  2. What muscle assists the respiratory system to allow air to enter and expel from your body? P. 1002

The Circulatory & Cardiovascular System

  1. What is the circulatory system composed of? P. 992
  2. What are the 3 main vessels of the body? P. 993
  3. The smallest of blood vessels are capillaries. What is the function of capillaries? P. 993
  4. What does the circulatory system provide for various organs around the body (List at least 4 things)? P. 943

The Heart

  1. What type of muscle is the heart made of? P. 994 ______
  2. How many chambers does the human heart have? P. 994 ______
  3. What are the names of the top 2 chambers? P. 994 ______What is their function? ______
  4. What are the names of the bottom 2 chambers? P. 994 ______What is their function? ______
  5. Circle. Arteries carry blood (to / away from) the heart. While veins carry blood (to / away from) the heart. P. 996.
  6. What is the largest artery in the heart? P. 995 ______
  7. What is blood pressure? P. 995 ______
  8. What is atherosclerosis and how does it affect blood pressure? P. 999

 Blood

  1. What are the 4 components of blood? P. 997
  2. What is plasma? P. 997______
  3. What are erythrocytes (HINT: RBC)? P. 952 ______List their Function?
  4. Red blood cells contain the protein called ______. What element is found in hemoglobin ______, what does it do? P. 997 ______
  5. The cells discussed in question 4 are not confined only to the circulatory system. What other system are they apart of?
  6. What are leukocytes? P. 998 ______List their function?
  7. What are the functions of platelets in our blood? P. 997

The Nervous System

  1. What is the function of the nervous system? P. 962
  2. What cell carries information throughout the body in the form of electrochemical signals called impulses? P. 962
  3. What is a sensory neuron? P. 963
  4. What is a motor neuron?
  5. What is a synapse? P. 967
  6. Define reflex arc. ______
  7. What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system? P. 968
  8. What part of the nervous system has the responsibility for issuing nerve impulses and analyzing sensory data? P. 968

What does it include?

  1. What are interneurons? P. 968 ______
  2. What part of the nervous system has the responsibility for carrying nerve impulses to and from the body? P. 971
  3. What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system? P. 971 ______& ______
  4. What is the function of the somatic nervous system? ______
  5. What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?______
  6. What are the 2 branches of the autonomic system?

The Endocrine System

  1. What is the endocrine system? P. 1031 ______
  2. What is a hormone? P. 1031 ______
  3. What is negative feedback? ______
  4. In general, the body’s responses to hormones are circle (slower / faster)(shorter or longer-lasting) than the nervous system. P.
  5. What is a gland? P. 998 ______
  6. List the glands of the endocrine system. P. 1033-36 ______
  7. What hormones regulates metabolism? P. 1034
  8. What hormone regulates blood sugar ______What organ produces it? P. 1034 ______
  9. What hormone regulates water balance______What organ produces it? P. 1037 ______
  10. The main endocrine organ that regulates many of the other endocrine organs is the pituitary gland. Where is the pituitary gland located? P. 1033

The Reproductive System

  1. What are the two types of reproduction (*HINT: one involves one parent and the other involves 2 parents)?
  2. Circle. Mitosis / Meiosis is the cell division that creates the cells (gametes) of the reproductive system.
  3. What is the main function of the reproductive system? P. 1048 ______
  4. What part of the male body produces sperm and where is it located? P. 1049 ______
  5. What part of the female body produces the egg? P. 1050 ______
  6. What is fertilization? P. 1054 ______
  7. What happens if NO fertilization occurs? P. 1051 ______
  8. What is a zygote? P. 1055 ______
  9. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes the division of cells called ______and implants on the uterine wall. At this point of development the hollow ball of cells is called a blastocyst and these cells do not have a specialized function yet what kind of cells are they? ______
  10. Where does the embryo develop? P. 1056 ______

The Lymphatic & Immune Systems

  1. What is the function of the lymphatic system? P. 1086
  2. List the lymphatic organs.
  3. What do lymph nodes do? P. 1086
  4. What is the function of the immune system? P. 1084
  5. What are the barrier s of the immune system? P. 1084
  6. What is an interferon? P. 1085
  7. What is an antigen? P. 1088
  8. The cells of the immune system that recognize specific antigens are 2 types of lymphocytes (white blood cells): B lymphocytes and T Lymphocytes.
  9. What do B cells provide? P. 1086
  10. What do T cells provide? P. 1088
  11. What are antibodies? P. 1086
  12. What major virus attacks Killer T cells, therefore destroying our immune response? P. 1045
  13. What gives us immunity from viruses? P. 1089