DIRECTIONS: During this unit, we will discuss basic concepts surrounding the “Settling of the New World”. Complete the essential questions for each topic using classroom discussions, class notes, your text book, and www.mrgigliotti.com. This guide through the material can be used to help you compose your History Essays, study for tests and quizzes and answer questions during classroom review sessions.
A. Introduction and Review:
1. As the “Age of Exploration” continued, many European nations began to
______in the “New World.”
2. European nations such as Spain, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and England
established ______throughout North and South America.
3. “Colonies” are: ______.
4. Complete the map below by indicating on the map in which areas each of these
European nations colonized.
Spanish Colonies
B. The Spanish Empire:
1. A group of soldiers known as the ______were Spanish explorers who destroyed
many ______cultures and ______vast lands in the New World for
Spain.
2. The most famous of these “conquistadors” were ______
who conquered the ______in what is now Central Mexico
and ______who conquered the ______in what
is now Peru.
3. The Spanish were able to easily defeat the Native Americans even though they were out
numbered due to several advantages such as ______, ______,
______, ______.
3. As a result of Cortez, Pizarro, and other “conquistadors”; Spain established a large
______in the New World which was made up of two colonies
“New Spain” and “Peru”.
4. The Spanish Empire extended from northern ______through
______all the way to the southern tip of South ______.
5. What parts of what is now the United States, were once part of the Spanish
Empire?
6. As a result of finding vast amounts of ______and ______in their
empire; Spain became ______and the most ______nation on Earth?
7. Spain was the first European nation to introduce ______to the New World, as a
form of labor to be used on their sugar cane ______or farms.
8. Slavery is: ______.
9. Plantations are: ______.
10. Since much of what is now the United States was
one part of the Spanish Empire, there are many
Spanish influences in the United States today.
These include (list below):
French and Dutch Colonies
C. Other Nations Establish Colonies:
1. Based on what you know about the Spanish Empire, why would other nations such as France,
the Netherlands, and England want to establish their own colonies in the New World?
D. New France:
1. The French established an empire in the North
America known as ______?
2. What parts of what is now the United States were
once part of “New France”?
3. French settlements were usually near ______such as the Mississippi, Ohio, and
St. Lawrence. Most French settlers were interested in the ______trade which lead
to good relations with the ______.
4. New France did not have a very large ______because only ______
could own land.
E. New Netherlands:
1. People who live in the Netherlands are referred to as the ______even though
people in England and the United States often refer to their country as ______.
2. The “Dutch” first colonized the area around what is today known as ______and
named it “New ______” after their home.
3. A Dutch settler named Peter Minuit, bought the island of ______from the Native
Americans for the cost of a few dollars in ______. The Dutch later built a
______on the island for protection. Today were this wall once stood is known as
“______” which is the financial capital of the United States.
The First English Colonies
F. Roanoke “The Lost Colony”:
1. With the defeat of the ______in 1588, England began to explore and colonize the
New World.
2. England first unsuccessful attempt at a colony was known as ______.
Unfortunately, the settlers in this colony all ______without a trace.
G. Jamestown:
1. England’s first successful attempt at a colony in the New World
was called ______.
2. Jamestown was established along the James River in what
is now ______.
3. A “joint stock company” called the ______received a ______from the
King of England to establish a colony in 1607.
4. What is a “joint stock company”: ______.
5. What is a “charter”: ______.
6. The first settlers arrived in Jamestown in the year ______on three ships known as
the Susan Constant, the Discovery, and the Godspeed.
7. The colony of Jamestown and Virginia experienced many problems during the first twenty
years of the settlement and over ______% of the settlers ______.
8. After completing the “Jamestown Mystery” activity, why was Jamestown in such trouble during
its first twenty years of existence. Be sure to list all of the reasons discussed in class below.
H. Plymouth:
1. The “Pilgrims” were known as the ______in England because they wanted to
separate from the “Church of ______”, which was the official religion of the king.
2. The “Pilgrims” were ______or treated poorly in England because of their
religious beliefs?
3. To escape persecution, the “Pilgrims” went to live in the ______for several
years, where they could practice their religion freely.
4. After several years in the Netherlands, the “Pilgrims” returned to England and asked the king
for permission to settle in ______.
5. The “Pilgrims”, who were now joined by other settlers, set sail on the ______and
ended up in ______rather than Virginia.
6. The “Pilgrims” established a colony known as ______named after the city in
England from which they departed in the year ______.
7. Before leaving the “Mayflower”, the men on board established a government for the colony in
a document called the ______.
8. The Pilgrims built sod houses and had to endure a harsh ______with little
______because they had arrived late in the year.
9. Over one half of the settlers ______during the first winter at Plymouth.
10. The next year a Native American named ______helped the Pilgrims
plant ______.
11. In the fall, the Pilgrims gave thanks to God for a good harvest by holding a feast
with the Native Americans that we still celebrate today called ______.
I. The Columbian Exchange:
1. As a result of the arrival of the Europeans, ______and ______cultures
met for the first time.
2. The “New World” refers to ______. The “Old World” refers to ______.
3. There were many goods and items that were only found in the either the “Old World” or in the
“New World” before Columbus’ discovery. The exchange of those unique items
between the Europeans and the Native Americans after Columbus’ voyage was known
as ______.
4. Complete the chart below by listing items found in both the “Old World” and the “New World”:
From / New World / Old WorldPlants
Animals
Diseases / /