THE SENTENCE

HUEBNER

= a group of words expressing a complete thought.

= SUBJECT + PREDICATE

= NOUN + VERB

Fragments – are only part of a sentence. They do not express a complete thought.

Ie. After winning the race for the gold medal in Moscow.

Run-on sentence – Two or more sentences separated by a comma or no punctuation at all. If it’s separate only by a comma, that’s a comma splice.

Ie. RUN-ON – Jim is a good athlete he has won awards in football and tennis.

Ie. COMMA SPLICE – Jim is a good athlete, he has won awards in football

and tennis.

THREE WAYS TO FIX A COMMA SPLICE:

1)Make it into two sentences.

2)Use a semicolon to separate the two sentences if the second sentence continues the thought of the first one.

3)Use a comma and a conjunction -- , and , but , not , for , yet

COMPOUND SUBJECTS

Mary and Don baked the bread. – Mary, Don are both subjects.

COMPOUND VERBS

Mary baked, broiled and basted the bread. Baked, broiled, basted are all verbs.

CLAUSE – a group of words that contains a verb and its subject and is used as part of a

sentence.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE – Expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself.

Ie. Ms. Santana works in one of the law offices in downtown Concord, and

she has a successful practice.

SUBORDINATE (dependent) CLAUSE – Does not express a complete thought

and cannot stand alone.

Ie. Before you know itBecause I told himAfter the show is over

FOUR KINDS OF SENTENCES

SIMPLE – has one independent clause (subject + verb) and no subordinate clauses. It has only one subject and one verb, although both may be compound.

Ie. George Washington was crossing the Delaware.

COMPOUND – Has two or more simple sentences joined by a semicolon or by a comma and a coordinating conjunction.

Ie. Washington crossed the Delaware in a boat, and he soon gained fame

for his victories in battle.

COMPLEX – Has one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.

Ie. He originally thought that the channel was a harbor.

(that the channel was a harbor is a subordinate clause)

COMPOUND COMPLEX – Contains two or more independent clauses and at least one

subordinate clause.

Ie. Since it was not a harbor, Vancouver had been deceived, and

Deception Pass became its name.

USE SENTENCE VARIETY

CHART

INDEPENDENT CLAUSEDEPENDENT CLAUSE

SIMPLE SENTENCE10

COMPOUND SENTENCE2+0

COMPLEX SENTENCE11

CD-CX SENTENCE2+1+

CLAUSES

Independent or Dependent?

DIRECTIONS: Write whether the clauses below are INDEPENDENT (I), DEPENDENT (D), or NEITHER (N).

ANSWER

  1. Because I enjoy eating ice cream______
  1. After going to the circus______
  1. Manuel eats a lot of cabbage______
  1. Of all the people in the world______
  1. When I take my kids to the games______
  1. Chicago is the best city______
  1. Run!______
  1. While John goes to the church______
  1. Whereever we decide to finish______
  1. After running through the fields______
  1. Before the dance began______
  1. Since Thursday afternoon______
  1. Since the team lost the game______
  1. Baskets are a great resource______
  1. My favorite food is chocolate______

WRITING DIFFERENT KINDS OF SENTENCES

NAME:

DATE:

PERIOD:

DIRECTIONS: Write a sentence of each type below.

  1. SIMPLE SENTENCE about your summer plans.
  1. COMPOUND SENTENCE about your funniest memory.
  1. COMPLEX SENTENCE about your best friend.
  1. COMPOUND-COMPLEX about a snowy winter day.

SENTENCE IDENTIFICATIONS

NAME:

DATE:

PERIOD:

LABEL the independent and dependent clauses in the sentences below and then state which of the four types of sentences it is. Remember to put prepositional phrases in parentheses first, then underline subjects once and verbs twice.

  1. Before we traveled to Vermont, we took a carriage ride to the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

TYPE:______

  1. As John looked through the window and Nancy observed from the tower overhead, Steve chased the bear with a knife while Tim laughed hysterically.

TYPE:______

  1. Walking through the woods on a snowy December day can be fun for the whole family if you believe that fairies will appear through the mist.

TYPE:______

  1. We cashed our checks and left for the mountains on Thursday night at 11:30 p.m.

TYPE:______

  1. Seven of every 10 members of Congress agreed with the new proposal.

TYPE:______

  1. I believe we should discover a new way to treat goofiness.

TYPE:______

  1. Whenever I go to the circus I see monkey and my mother buys me cotton candy because I eat it all in one gulp then laugh out loud.

TYPE:______

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

LOOK FOR THESE IN FRONT OF SUBJECTS AND VERBS TO SEE

IF IT IS A DEPENDENT CLAUSE AND THUS, PART OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE!!!

AFTERAS THOUGHSINCEWHEN

ALTHOUGHBECAUSESO THATWHENEVER

ASBEFORETHANWHERE

AS IFIFTHOUGHWHEREVER

AS LONG ASIN ORDER THATUNLESSWHILE

AS SOON ASPROVIDED THATUNTIL

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

LOOK FOR THESE BETWEEN INDEPENDENT CLAUSES TO SEE IF IT IS A COMPOUND SENTENCE!!!

FAN BOYS

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

SENTENCES TEST

NAME:______/117 POINTS

DATE:

PERIOD:

  1. List seven subordinating conjunctions or more for bonus (7 POINTS)

A.E.I.

B.F.J.
C.G.K.

D.H.L.

  1. List six coordinating conjunctions (6 POINTS)

A.D.

B.E.

C.F.

  1. FILL IN THE CHART BELOW. (16 POINTS)

TYPE OF SENTENCEINDEPENDENT CLAUSESDEPENDENT CLAUSES

SIMPLE______

COMPOUND______

COMPLEX______

COMPOUND-COMPLEX______

  1. When you have a dependent clause, you will always have what type of sentence?(2 POINTS) ______
  1. When you have a subordinate conjunction at the beginning of a clause, you will always have what type of sentence? (2 POINTS) ______
  1. When you have a coordinating conjunction between two independent clauses, you will have what type of sentence? (2 POINTS) ______
  1. STEPS FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE OF SENTENCE. (10 POINTS)

List the steps you take (AT LEAST FIVE) when determining what type of sentence it is.

A.D.

B.E.

C.F.

IC, DC, OR N?

Determine whether the following are independent clauses (IC), dependent clauses (DC) or Neither (N). (14 POINTS)

  1. While we went to the circus______

9. After the football game______

10. John loves Sally______

11. Because we roast marshmallows______

12. Birds deserve to be nurtured______

13. Because the gamble______

14. Whenever Todd smiles______

15. Write a compound-complex sentence. Your topic should be your favorite animal. Remember to label all clauses IC or DC and underline subjects once and verbs twice. (10 POINTS)

LABEL THE CLAUSES (IC or DC), subjects, verbs and prepositional phrases in the following sentences, then determine what type of sentences they are. (48 POINTS)

  1. John pretends he is a jaguar because he enjoys pouncing on victims. (12 POINTS)

TYPE: ______

  1. While we ate in the courtyard, Sam dozed off in the gymnasium. (10 POINTS)

TYPE: ______

  1. After the game between the Phillies and Expos at the new ball park on Saturday, Sam and Nancy

went to the dance to meet friends from North Carolina. (13 POINTS)

TYPE: ______

  1. Eggs are my favorite food in the world, and my grandfather makes them delicious every Sunday. (10 POINTS)

TYPE: ______

  1. Go! (3 POINTS)

TYPE: ______

BONUS: (2 POINTS)

If a sentence does not have an independent clause in it, it is called a ______.

A. run-onB. fragmentC. paragraphD. lieE. lemon

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