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Unit 4 Study Guide

What is a cell?

A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

How do we know if something is living? Name the 5 characteristics of life.

1. Made of Cells 2. Get Energy from Food

3. Reproduce 4. Grow

5. React to Stimuli

Name 3 parts of the cell theory.

1. Every living thing is made of cells

2. Cells carry out the functions to support life

3. Cells come from other cells

What is the difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? Give 1 example of each.

Prokaryotic cells: No nucleus

Prokaryotic cell example: Bacteria

Eukaryotic cells: Has a nucleus

Eukaryotic cells example: Human, dogs, cats, daisy, rose, grass, yeast, mushroom, euglena, and an amoeba

List 3 characteristics of unicellular and multicellular organisms. Give an example of each.

Unicellular / Multicellular
1. One cell does everything / 1. Specialized cells do different jobs
2. Short life because of heavy work load / 2. Longer life because they have a lighter load, since they all work together as a team
3. Injury of once cell can cause death / 3. Injury of one cell won’t cause death

Unicellular organism: A living organism made up of once cell (an amoeba is an example)

Multicellular organism: A living organism that is made up of many cells (a human is an example).

Label Plant and Animal Cell Organelles

Word Bank: cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, cell wall, mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum,

Golgi body(apparatus), lysosomes, cytoskeleton.

A. Cell MembraneB. Cell Wall

C. CytoplasmD. Vacuole

E. NucleusF. Chloroplast

G. CytoskeletonH. Mitochondria

I. ERJ. Golgi Bodeis

Match the structure to its function.

1. Chloroplast HA. Copy of blue prints, control center

2. Vacuole GB. Power Generator

3. Endoplasmic reticulum CC. Conveyer belt

4. Mitochondria BD. Trash can

5. Nucleus AE. Rigid support

6. Golgi Body (apparatus) FF. Packaging and Shipping

7. Lysosomes DG. Storage

8. Cell Wall EH. Kitchen

View the cell samples and write which one is a plant cell and which one is an animal cell. Give 2 reasons why you think that they are a plant cell and an animal cell.

A.B.

The plant cell is letter B, because the cells in the image have a rigid structure, provided by the cell wall, which is only found in plant cells.

The animal cell is letter A, because animal cells are less organized, a lot of them, look different from each other, they have specialized shapes, and colors are different

Explain why the cell membrane is semipermeable. It allows it to control the entry and exit of substances into the cell (keeping bad stuff out and letting good stuff in).

What is the purpose of the microscope? The purpose of a microscope is to show us a world that we cannot see with our natural eyes (make things larger)

Define asexual and sexual reproduction.

Asexual reproduction: Reproduction involving only one parent

Sexual reproduction: Process in which two parents contribute genes to form a new individual

Give an advantage and a disadvantage of asexual and sexual reproduction. Give 2 examples of each.

Asexual Reproduction / Sexual Reproduction
Advantage:
A lone individual can create a new population / Advantage:
Greater genetic variation allows some of the offspring to survive a negative environmental change
Disadvantage:
All offspring are genetically identical and can be easily wiped out by a negative environmental change / Disadvantage:
Reproduction takes longer, and require parental care in raising offpsring
Example: Bacteria / Example: Dogs
Example: Amoeba / Example: Elephants

Explain the difference between genetic and environmental factors. Give an example of each.

A genetic factor is the traits and characteristics of an organism that is passed from the parents to the offspring. An environmental factor is all the living and non-living features surrounding an organism.

Genetic factor: eye color, shape of nose, sense of humor, flower shape, body shape, leaf shapes, etc.

Environmental factor: light, food, water, nutrients, soil type, etc.

The image below shows a small bean sprout. What does this sprout need to grow into a healthy plant?

The bean sprout needs an appropriate amount of light and water.

When is your test?

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What grade do you think you will earn on your test? Why?

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