World War One Timeline and Vocabulary List
SS9 Leggett
Key Dates/Timeline
-1870-71 Franco-Prussian War (Germany wins, takes Alsace Lorraine)
-1879 Dual Alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary (1882 Itl joined=Triple Alliance)
*-1884/85 German Kaiser Wilhelm I/Chancellor Bismarck hold Berlin Conference to draw the borders for the “Scramble for Africa” (1870-1900)
-1888 Kaiser Wilhelm II takes power
-1890 German Chancellor Bismarck “forced to resign”; “Weltpolitik” replaces “Realpolitik”
-1892 France and Russia sign alliance
*-1897 Wilhelm II starts naval race (1900 German Naval Law; 1906 Br dreadnought; 1913 Kiel Canal widened)
-1904 Entente Cordiale
*-1905 Schlieffen Plan
-1906/11 Morocco Crises
-1907 Triple Entente with Britain
-1912 First Balkan War (Balkan states vs Ottoman Empire)
-1913 Second Balkan War (Balkan states vs Bulgaria); French Plan XVII
*-June 28, 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand followed by 10 pt ultimatum
*-July 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia; July 29 Austria invades
*-July 29-Aug 1 Willy Nicky Letters
*-July 30 Russia mobilizes
*-Aug 1 Germany declares war on Russia
*-Aug 3 Germany declares war on France
*-Aug 4 Germany declares war on Belgium; Britain declares war on Germany (treaty 1839)
-Aug 8 UK passes Defense of the Realm Act (homefront control of production; allowed women into workforce in more areas)
*-Aug 17 Russia attacks Germany
-Nov Race to Sea complete/trenches dug
-1915 *-Feb-Aug Australians/NZ/UK forces lose to the Turks at Gallipoli
April 2nd Battle of Ypres first use of poison gas (chlorine, phosgene, mustard)—first used by Germans but both sides use after 1915
-May 1 Sinking of the Lusitania
-first planes use machine guns fired through propellers; German use for machine gunning 1916; first zeppelins bomb Lond and other southern UK cities
-first used by Germans to sink Br ships; Lusitania sunk (1917 G unrestricted uboat campaign)
-1916 Jan- Military Service Act conscription UK (occurs in Canada 1917)
Feb-July Battle of Verdun=1 million casualties!
May-June Battle of Jutland (biggest naval battle in history to that date)
*July 1 Battle of Somme (1st day 60 000 Br killed!)
Sept first use of tank at Battle of Somme, but not effective; 1st effective use Battle Cambrai Nov 1917
Arab Revolt starts led by TE Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) goes to 1918
-1917 Jan Zimmerman Telegram deciphered; unrestricted u-boat warfare begins for Germans
*Feb Tsar Nicholas II overthrown in 1st Russian Revolution, democratic Provisional Govt established
*April US enters the war (not until Nov do large numbers arrive); Canadians take Vimy Ridge
July-Nov 3rd Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
*Oct Russian Provisional Govt overthrown; Lenin and Communists come to power in Russia, vow to end war
-1918 Jan “Big 3” (Br, Fr, US, [“4”=Itl; “5”= Japan) meet in Paris to determine peace terms; Wilson’s 14 Points
*March Russia pulls out of war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk); Allied naval blockade=German food shortages; German Spring Offensive where Germans come to “within 35 miles of Paris.”—by August stalemate=Germans could not win
Oct 4 Germans ask for Armistice based on Wilson’s 14 Points, not French etc demands
Oct 29 Kiel sailor mutiny
*Nov 3 Ottoman Empire surrenders
*Nov 11, 1918 (11th hour of the 11th day of the 11 month) “Guns fell silent on the Western Front”=Armistice (Remembrance/Armistice/Veterans Day)=END OF THE WAR
-1919 *Paris Peace Conferences occur to determine treaties for 5 belligerents (G, A, H, B, Otto); “Big 3” (USA/Br/Fr), “Big 4” (+ Italy), “Big 5” (+ Japan) leaders leave after 6 months and foreign service staff do the vast majority of treaty work
Sept Treaty of St Germain with Austria
Nov Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria
-1920 March Treaty of Trianon with Hungary;
*Treaty of Sevres with Sultan renegotiated in 1923 by Ataturk=Treaty of Lausanne (lands given to Greece given back to Turkey)=technical end of WW1
-1921 *Reparations Committee determines Germany must pay $34 billion (USD), 52% Fr, 28% UK, rest to everyone else—Fr had originally wanted 70!) payable over 42 years=Germany defaults; payments have to be “rescheduled” with the Dawes (1924) and Young (1929) Plans. Payments restarted after Germany reunified: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_reparations
KEY VOCABULARY
PHRASES/ITEMS
-Scramble for Africa
-Colonies
-Arms/Naval Race (Dreadnought/Superdreadnought)
-Triple Alliance (becomes “Central Powers”)
-Triple Entente (becomes “Allies”)
-Slavic Nationalism
-Schleiffen Plan vs Plan XVII
-Mobilised
-War of Attrition
-Trench warfare (Trenchfoot, “Over the Top!” No Man’s Land)
-Stalemate
-Shell-shock
-propaganda/censorship examples
-women’s changing role
-“dogfights”
-reparations
-self-determination
-mandates
-war-guilt clause
-“diktat”
-successor states
-“World” War
-“Total War” vs “Limited War”
PEOPLE/GROUPS
-Kaiser Wilhelm II (bonus: Wilhelm I and Bismarck
-Emperor Franz Josef (til 1916—then Karl)
-Ataturk (Sultan Mehmet VI)
-PM David Lloyd George (Field Marshal Haig)
-PM Georges Clemenceau
-Pres Woodrow Wilson
-PM Vittorio Orlando
(Bonus: Prince Saionji http://www.answers.com/topic/saionji-kinmochi
-Black Hand
-ANZAC
-TE Lawrence (“Lawrence of Arabia
EVENTS (know the dates!)
-Controversy re Alsace Lorraine
-Battle for Vienna
*-First and Second Balkan Wars
*-Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
*-Who declared war on who when? J
-Battle of the Marne
-“Race for the Sea”
-Battle of the Somme
*-Battle of Gallipoli
*-Arab Revolt
*-Passchendaele
-bombing raids on civilians
*-Impact of US joining the war (sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram)
-German Spring Offensive
*-German collapse
*-The “Treaties” for the Central Powers
KEY QUESTIONS:
-Describe 3 reasons why World War One started.
-Describe 3 aspects of the course of World War One ie nature of it, battles…
-Why is WW1 considered to be a “world” war ie. Give examples from 3 continents/regions (Middle East must be 1)
-Why did Germany lose (3 specific reasons)? (Bonus: why did any of the other Central Powers lose?)
-Key results for the winners and losers of World War One (3 for each major powers [Br, Fr, G, Otto], 1 for minor ones): economic, political, social
-Describe 3 specific ways World War One affected the Middle East?
TEST STRUCTURE:
-Timeline of key events (understand the idea of CHRONOLOGY: list of dates and events=put event next to right date!)
-Definitions (some mandatory, some choice) from terms above
-2 Paragraphs (with choice) from questions above but ONE MUST INVOLVE THE MIDDLE EAST