Pratikraman Sutras
with English translation and explanation
A complete guide on how to do
Sāmāyika, Chaitya Vandan, and Pratikraman
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Published by
Jain Society of Metropolitan Chicago
Compiled by
Mukesh Doshi
Pradip Shah
Darshana Shah
The publication of this book
is made possible due to a generous donation
from
Mr. Pramod and Mrs. Usha Shah
Skokie, Illinois
Published by:
Jain Society of Metropolitan Chicago
435 North, Route 59
Bartlett, IL 60103
Cover Design
Narendra Velani
Payal Gandhi
Compiled by:
Mukesh M. Doshi1540 Sandburg Drive
Schaumburg, IL 60173-2183
Phone: (847) 517-2505
/ Pradip and Darshana Shah
487 Jeremy
Bourbonnais, IL 60914
Phone: (815) 935-1499
This book has no copyright
Please use this book and material herein with the utmost respect
Dedicated to:
Pāthshālā teachers and Pāthshālā students around the world
in pursuit of
Right faith, Right knowledge, and Right conduct.
To attain liberation one must block the inflow of Karmic influx and also restrain the activities of all sense organs and annihilate all passions. All these must be achieved through the activities of mind, speech, and body; by not doing, not asking others to do and not approving or praising others who do them.
………. Saman Suttam, Gāthā, 80
Preface
Jai Jinendra.
Jainism is the world’s oldest religion. The last of the 24 Tirthankars, Bhagawān Mahāvir (599 B.C.-525 B.C.), propounded the Jain religion, as we know it today. Bhagawān Mahāvir preached in the Ardha Māgadhi language, the language of the common people at His time. Accordingly, most Jain scriptures are written in Ardha Māgadhi language. Since the time of Bhagawān Mahāvir, however, several Āchāryas have written many texts, both in the Ardha Māgadhi and the Sanskrit language. All of the fundamental Jain Sutras are therefore, written in either Ardha Māgadhi or Sanskrit, and most have a poetic tone.
Jainism greatly emphasizes on right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct for leading a spiritual life and attaining the ultimate goal of liberation. While living worldly lives, we are bound to commit several mundane sins and wrong doings. Repenting for these sins and wrong doings is utmost important for us so that we remain vigilant in our daily lives. We must constantly strive to improve our daily conduct and enhance our understanding of Jain philosophy. To guide us further along the path of right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct Jainism prescribes six essential activities a Shrāvak and Shrāvikā should do daily. These activities are Sāmāyika, Chauvisattho (obeisance to 24 Tirthankar Bhagawān), Guru Vandan, Pratikraman, Kāusagga (meditation) and, Pachchakkhān (taking vow/s). Jain Āchāryas have recommended set rituals to do these six essential activities, all of which require recitation of many Sutras. In well-known text Tattvārtha Sutra, Āchārya Umāsvāti Mahārāj says that real understanding and knowledge of any religious activity are the prerequisite for attaining liberation. We hope that the information presented in this book helps you understand Jain Sutras and rituals.
Numerous scholars have translated the fundamental Jain Sutras into various Indian languages. However, a few years ago when we started teaching Pratikraman Sutras to our Pāthshālā students in Chicago, we realized a void of a good English translation of Pratikraman Sutras, which the children in western countries can easily understand. This book is our effort to fill this gap. We fully realize that during translation, the real charm, meaning, and essence of the original scriptures may be lost. Accordingly we want to emphasize the fact that one must learn these Sutras in their original form and language, Ardha Māgadhi or Sanskrit. This book should serve only as an aid in understanding the Sutras and should not replace the original works. It is our hope that people will learn and understand the Sutras in their original language, and until then, this book will help them do the essential activities of Shrāvak and Shrāvikā.
In translating Sutras, we have emphasized the real meaning of the verse or the words rather than the literal translation. Consequently, to make the explanations as easy as possible to understand, in many places the translations do not follow the original order of the verse or the words.
Section Ι of this book contains translation of Sutras 1-21 with explanation. Please note that the Sutras in this book are in accordance with the Jain Shvetāmbar tradition. Section II of this book outlines a step-by-step procedure of doing Sāmāyika, Chaitya Vandan, and Pratikraman. The ritual of Pratikraman has evolved over last 2000 or more years. We want to emphasize that the ritual of Pratikraman presented in this book is not as elaborate as commonly practiced. This book provides only an abbreviated version of the original ritual of Pratikraman. Since Pratikraman includes other five essential activities, we sincerely hope that an aspirant will be able to do all of the six essential activities with the help of this book. The procedure of Pratikraman presented in this book is adopted from the original concept presented by Shree Manubhai Doshi in Introduction to Shree Samvatsari Pratikraman. We extend our appreciation and gratitude to him for contributing the groundwork for the Pratikraman procedure presented here.
We do not claim this work to be the original work. We have only compiled, translated, and rephrased the material presented herein so as to make it easily understandable to those, whose primary language is English. We may have committed several mistakes in doing so. We will be grateful to those, who will please draw our attention to those mistakes. If anything presented in this book is contrary to the teachings of the Tirthankar Bhagawān and Jina Ājnā, we ask for forgiveness. Michchhā Mi Dukkadam.
Jai Jinendra.
Mukesh Doshi ● Pradip Shah ● Darshana Shah
Acknowledgement
· Mr. Pravin Shah, Chairman, JAINA Education Committee, for his valuable guidance and inspiration and, for providing us Devanāgari fonts
· Shree Jina-chandraji Mahārāj of Bandhu Triputi for his guidance and help in getting this book printed
· Mr. Narendra Velani and Miss Payal Gandhi for the cover design
· Mr. Alap Shah and Miss Megha Doshi for their valuable input and suggestions
· Mr. Jayesh K. Shah for technical help
· Mr. Pramod Shah and Mrs. Usha Shah for their generous donation for publication of this book
And finally,
We thank Pāthshālā teachers and Pāthshālā students of
The Jain Society of Metropolitan Chicago
for giving us the golden opportunity of teaching at Chicago Pāthshālā
We are truly grateful to all of them for their selfless help
and for being a constant source of inspiration.
Thank you and Jai Jinendra
Mukesh Doshi ● Pradip Shah ● Darshana Shah
Transliteration Guide
All Jain scriptures are written in Devanāgari script. To correctly read and pronounce our scriptures it is necessary to use various diacritical marks on various English letters. The bold letter in each Devanāgari word should be pronounced similar to the pronunciation of the bold letter in each English word.
Devan¡gariLetter / English
words / Pr¡krit Words / Devan¡gari
Letter / English
words / Pr¡krit Words
a / ago / karma / ·h / adhesive / padhamam
¡ / far / ¡tm¡ / ¸ / ** / Pra¸¡ma
i / India / jina / t / ** / tapasvi
¢ / police / Mah¡v¢r / th / thatch / tirth
u / rule / guru / d / ** / darshan
£ / rude / s£tra / dh / dharma / dharma
e / red / deva / n / name / namask¡r
ai / ailment / jain / p / pen / puj¡
o / go / ogho / ph f / phone / falpuja
au / mouse / pauÀadha / b / boy / besanu
m / mangalam / bh / abhor / bhagaw¡n
Å / Oh / lokaÅ / m / mother / muni
k / kite / kesar / y / yoga / yoga
kh / khayber / kham¡sama¸a / r / run / Ara-n¡th
g / guru / guru / l / love / lobha
gh / ghost / gh¡ti / V, w / van / vachan
ch / chant / ch¡ritra / sh / shine / Sh¡nti-n¡th
Chh / ** / chhatra / À / push / ParameÀthi
j / jelly / jiva
jh / john / z¡lar
¶ / tea / tik¡
¶h / ** / p¡thash¡l¡
· / door / dukkadam
** No equivalent pronunciation in English
Table of Contents
Section – I Pratikraman Sutras
1. navak¡ra mah¡mantra 1
2. paµchindiya s£tra 15
3. kham¡sama¸a s£tra 18
4. ichchhak¡ra s£tra 19
5. abbhu¶¶hi°mi s£tra 20
6. iriy¡vahiy¡ s£tra 22
7. tassa uttar¢ s£tra 24
8. annattha s£tra 25
9. l°gassa s£tra 28
10. kar®mi bhant® s£tra 31
11. s¡m¡iya-vaya-jutt° s£tra 33
12. jaga-chint¡ma¸i chaitya-vandana 37
13. jam kiµchi s£tra 42
14. namutthu ¸am s£tra 44
15. j¡vanti-ch®i¡im s£tra 49
16. j¡vanta k® vi s£tra 50
17. nam°rhat s£tra 51
18. uvasagga-haram st°tra 52
19. jaya v¢yar¡ya! s£tra 55
20. arihanta-ch®iy¡¸am s£tra 57
21. kall¡¸a-kandam stuti 58
Section - II Pratikraman
Paryushan Parva 63
What is Pratikraman? 64
Sāmāyika - The Practice of Equanimity 65
Chauvisattho - Worshipping Tirthankar Bhagawān 66
Guru Vandan - Offering Obeisance to Guru Mahārāj 66
Pratikraman - Turning Back from Transgressions 66
Kāusagga - Concentration and Meditation 66
Pachchakkhān - Taking Appropriate Vows 66
Importance of Pratikraman 67
Pratikraman 69
Sāmāyika: The First Āvashyak 69
Taking the Vow of Sāmāyika: 76
Pachchakkhān 79
Dev Vandan-Chaitya Vandan: The Second Āvashyak 80
Guru Vandan: The Third Āvashyak 88
Pratikraman: The Fourth Āvashyak 89
Reflecting on Transgression of Codes of Conduct 90
Five Anu Vratas (Five Minor Vows) 94
Three Guna Vrata (Auxiliary Vows) 97
Four Shikshā Vrata (Four Disciplinary Vows) 98
Kāusagga: The Fifth Āvashyak 102
Conclusion of Pratikraman 106
References 1145
I offer obeisance to the Tirthankaras (Arihantas)
I offer obeisance to the liberated souls (Siddhas)
I offer obeisance to the heads of religious order (Āchāryas)
I offer obeisance to the masters of religious scriptures (Upādhyāys)
I offer obeisance to all the monks and nuns in the entire universe (Sādhus and Sādhvis)
This five-fold obeisance is the destroyer of all sins
Amongst all the auspicious things, it is the first and the best auspicious thing.
There are four auspicious entities in the universe.
Arihantas are auspicious
Siddhas are auspicious.
Sādhus are auspicious.
The religion explained by the omniscient is auspicious.
There are four supreme entities in the universe.
Arihantas are supreme.
Siddhas are supreme.
Sādhus are supreme.
The religion explained by the omniscient is supreme.
I take refuge in four entities of the universe.
I take refuge in Arihantas.
I take refuge in Siddhas.
I take refuge in Sādhus.
I take refuge in the religion explained by the omniscient.
Even the heavenly gods revere Tirthankar Bhagawān. Sincere obeisance to the idol of Tirthankar Bhagawān destroys all sins. It is the first step towards attaining heaven and, obeisance to the idol of Tirthankar ultimately leads to liberation.
Bhagawān Mahāvir is auspicious; Gautam Swāmi is auspicious; Sthulibhadra and other Sādhus are auspicious; Jain dharma is auspicious.
Tirthankar Bhagawān, who is worshipped even by heavenly gods; Siddha Bhagawān, who permanently resides on Siddhashilā; Āchārya Mahārāj, who propagates the Jain religion; revered Upādhyāy Mahārāj and, Sādhus and Sādhvis, who are well versed in the scriptures and followers of three jewels of Jainism; may all these five supreme beings bestow bliss everyday.
We worship Bhagawān Rishabhadev, who was the first king of the planet earth, who was the first to renounce everything and, who was the first Tirthankar (of current descending half of the time cycle).
Oh Tirthankar Bhagawān, you eradicate the misery of the universe; I bow down to you.
Oh Tirthankar Bhagawān, you are the adorable ornament of the universe; I bow down to you.
Oh Tirthankar Bhagawān, you are the supreme being of the universe; I bow down to you.
Oh Tirthankar Bhagawān, you destroy the endless cycles of birth and death; I bow down to you.
I always pray, take refuge in and bow down to Bhagawān Mahāvir, who is worshipped by all heavenly gods as well as demons and, who has eradicated all His Karma. This un-paralleled Tirtha is established by Bhagawān Mahāvir. Oh! Bhagawān Mahāvir, Your austerities were intense. You have attained the ultimate enlightenment, wealth of knowledge, patience, and peace. Oh! Bhagawān Mahāvir, please show me the path to attain liberation.
May the entire universe attain bliss; may all living beings be oriented to the interest of others; let all faults be eliminated; and may people be happy everywhere.
I forgive all living beings; let all living beings forgive me. I am on friendly terms with all. I have no enmity towards anybody.
Whenever Jineshvar Bhagawān is worshipped all the troubles disintegrate, the shackles of obstacles break, and the mind achieves a blissful state