Thinker / Picture / Beliefs/ Accomplishments / Real Quote/ “Bumper sticker” / What would he say today/ how would he say it today?
Isaac Newton
John
Locke
Thomas
Hobbes
Baron de
Montesquieu
Jean Jacque
Rousseau
Voltaire
(François-Marie Arouet)
Denis Diderot
Adam
Smith / Was a “physiocrat”
Major Ideas from the Enlightenment:
Reason: Humans should rely on reason to improve society.
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Nature and Natural laws: Natural laws regulate both the universe and human society. Can be discovered by human reason.
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Progress: Believed in social progress. Discovery of laws of economics and government would improve society and make progress inevitable.
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Liberty: Wanted to remove limitations on human liberty. Inalienable / natural rights
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Toleration: Advocated full religious tolerance
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•Social Contract-An agreement among the members of an organized society or between the governed and the government defining and limiting the rights and duties of each.
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•Natural Rights-theory that individuals have basic rights given to them by nature or God that no individual or government can deny.
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•Consent of the governed-the authority of a government should depend on the consent of the people, as expressed by votes in elections.
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•Rule of Law-government by law : adherence to due process of law.
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•Limited Government-a type of government in which its functions and powers are prescribed, limited, and restricted by law.
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•Separation of Powers-allocation of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers among the three branches of government
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•Freedom of Religion-to practice one's religion or exercise one's beliefs without intervention by the government and to be free of the exercise of authority by a church through the government
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•Freedom of Speech-the right to express information, ideas, and opinions free of government restrictions based on content and subject only to reasonable limitations.
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