What’s the difference between a clause and a phrase?!
CLAUSE: a group of words that has BOTH a SUBJECT and a VERB! S + V
PHRASE: a group of words that does NOT have both a subject and a verb.
What are the TWO TYPES of clauses?
MAIN CLAUSE (independent clause): Subject + Verb, and…. 1) a complete thought
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE (dependent clause): Subject +Verb, but…does not complete a thought
What do a phrase and a subordinate clause have in common?
They are both FRAGMENTS!
A phrase does not complete a thought and cannot stand alone.
Similarly, a subordinate clause does not complete a thought and cannot stand alone.
How are a phrase and a subordinate clause different?
A phrase does not have both a subject and a verb.
A subordinate clause---because it is a clause---has both a subject and a verb.
Which is the ONLY one of the three following groups of words that can stand alone: subordinate clause, main clause, or phrase? Main clause
Clauses
What kind of clause is the following group of words?
Jackie loves ice cream
Answer: It’s a main clause because it completes a thought. It is a sentence. It can stand alone.
What happens to the main clause when one little word is added?
Since Jackie loves ice cream
Answer: Like magic, it becomes… a subordinate clause, just because the word “since” has been added. It does not complete a thought, even though, yes, it has a subject and a verb.
Why does the above subordinate clause need to be a part of a complete sentence?
Answer: It needs a main clause. It “depends” or is “dependent” on a main clause.
See how a main clause is added to the subordinate clause to complete a thought: Since Jackie loves ice cream, John will take her to Baskin-Robbins.
Again, the first part of the whole sentence, “Since Jackie loves ice cream” is the subordinate clause.
The second part of the whole sentence, “John will take her to Baskin-Robbins,” is the main clause.
Some types of phrases: prepositional, participial, gerund, and infinitive
Restrictive and Non-restrictive clauses and phrases: Which ones are set off by commas?
Transitional words: Which ones are parenthetical “extras” set off by commas…..and which ones act as an introductory word to a main clause?
Directions:
a. In the following sentences, underline every phrase or subordinate clause that follows a noun or pronoun.
b. Underline subordinate clause, write either R for restrictive phrase/clause or N for nonrestrictive phrase/clause. ( Remember: restrictive phrases/clauses are necessary to the meaning of the sentence and nonrestrictive phrases/clauses are unnecessary to the meaning of the sentence.)
c. Put a comma on each side of a restrictive clause; do not put a comma on either side of a nonrestrictive clause.
d. Insert a semi-colon to correctly punctuate two main clauses.
e. Put a comma after the introductory transitional word that begins the 2nd main clause in a compound sentence.
1. John wishes the Broughton cafeteria would serve fillet mignon however Molly hopes the cafeteria will soon offer soft-serve ice cream.
2. The gingerbread house that has the most sprinkles is the one that won first prize in the decorating contest.
3. Walker who can juggle sixteen tennis balls at once is going to be on “America’s got Talent.”
4. The girl with the dragon tattoo is Kyle’s girlfriend.
5. Our holiday break is coming soon consequently the students are ready to have a party.
6. Jax’s favorite book lying on the book shelf in the library has won many awards.
7. The woman in the magazine photograph is Jennifer Anniston.
8. Aby who is in the magazine photograph will be a contestant on “Wheel of Fortune.”
9. The puppy dog with the adorable big eyes is the one I want for Christmas.
10. Peter wants to hike the AppalachianTrail similarly Ashton plans to hike in the Alps.