Vocabulary Words

CHAPTER 2

Vocabulary Words

Atom-

Nucleus-

Proton-

Neutron-

Electron-

Energy level-

Atomic number-

Element-

Compound-

Isomer-

Ion-

Molecule-

Covalent bond-

Ionic bond-

Acid-

Base-

Neutralization reaction-

pH scale-

Organic compound-

Inorganic compound-

Monomer-

Polymer-

Carbohydrate-

Monosaccharide-

Disaccharide-

Polysaccharide-

Lipid-

Protein-

Amino acid-

Peptide bond-

Nucleic acid-

Nucleotide-

Ribonucleic acid-

Deoxyribonucleic acid-

Chemical reaction-

Chemical equation-

Reactant-

Products-

Enzyme-

Substrate-

Denature-

Active site-

Major Ideas

1. What are the parts of an atom, their location, their charge

2. What is the difference between an element and a compound

3. What makes atoms different from each other

4. What determines an atom’s atomic number

5. How can two molecules (for ex. glucose and fructose) have the same chemical formula

yet be different chemicals with different properties

6. Know what elements the following elemental symbols represent

C,H,O,N,P,S,Na,Mg, K, I, Cl

7. Be able to determine the elements, #of atoms, and #of molecules from a chemical

formula

8. Know how to determine if an ion is positive or negative based on number of electrons

9. Know the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond

10. Know examples of acids and bases based on their chemical formula

11. Be able to explain the structure of a water molecule

12. Describe what a hydrogen bond is and how hydrogen bonding between different

water molecules gives rise to water’s properties

13. Explain the difference between a polar and nonpolar molecule – know which type

water and lipids are

14.Know the difference between organic and inorganic compounds

15. Know the difference between monomers and polymers.

16. Know the name of the reaction that links individuals monomers to make polymers

17. Know the four major groups of organic compounds found in all living things.

and be able to identify an organic compound by looking at its structure

18. Know the types of atoms found in all carbohydrate molecules

19. Know types of foods that contain a majority of carbohydrate molecules

20. Know specific examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides that

are made by living things and what the function of each molecule is.(from notes)

21. Know what the four major groups of lipids are.

22. Know what creates the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and which type should be included in a healthy diet.

23. Know which type of lipid is used to form cell membranes

24. Know several of the functions of lipids.

25. Know which type of molecule – lipids or carbohydrates- provide more energy gram

for gram. Know which type of molecule is used by your body for “quick” energy.

26. Know the types of atoms found in all protein molecules.

27. Know the monomers found in proteins.

28. Know the basic structure common to all 20 amino acids.

29. Know what the special group of protein molecules called enzymes do to chemical

reactions.

30. Know how an enzyme functions on a substrate

31. Know how the variables of temperature, pH and concentration affect enzyme action

32. Know what keratin (a protein) is used for in the body.

33. Know what types of food contain a lot of protein.

34. Know what the two types of nucleic acids are.

35. Know what the purpose of DNA is.

36. Know what the three small molecules in nucleotides (monomers of DNA and RNA)

37. Know the difference between an acid and a base

38. Know which pH values are acid, which are bases and which is neutral.

39. Know what a neutralization reaction is – be able to apply your understanding to the

purpose of using antacids for discomfort due to stomach acid build up.

40. Discuss the digestion of proteins, enzymes involved, chemical reactions that have to occur and how the molecules can be transported throughout the body and used as building blocks to make hair