Usda Ars Gem Field Day 2004

Usda ars gEM Field Day 2004

GEM MINI-NURSERY BOOK

GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE

Central Iowa Field Day - Sept. 29, 2004

DEMONSTRATION PLOT MAP

S

ENTRY NUMBERS RUN FROM EAST TO WEST

101 150

RANGE 3

POPGEM Populations / 50% Tropical topcrosses

51 100

RANGE 2

Breeding for Value Added Traits and Experimental Hybrids

1 50

RANGE 1

Breeding History Demonstration and Lines for Potential Release

Field History: Planted on May 16th, 2004.

Fertilizer: Fall applied 23-60-90; 156 lbs N in spring (total N 179 lbs/acre)

Herbicide: Dual II Magnum pre-plant; Basagran post emerge

Insecticide: None

Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project

USDA-ARS

Field day in conjunction with the CAD Field Day at the Bruner Farm

Ames, Iowa

September 29, 2004

The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Project is a cooperative effort of the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), land-grant universities, private industry, international, and non-governmental organizations. The mission of the project is to broaden the genetic base of maize germplasm, increasing its diversity through introgression of unique and novel germplasm into elite, adapted lines. The GEM Project is administered through the USDA-ARS’s Plant Introduction Research unit in Ames, IA (NCRPIS). The sources of germplasm include exotic temperate and tropical accessions identified by the Latin American Maize Project (LAMP), crossed with adapted proprietary inbreds provided by GEM Cooperator companies as part of “in kind support” of the project. More than 20 private cooperators and 40 public researchers are cooperators of the GEM Project. In addition to the US, international cooperators include members from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and Thailand. Guidance to the GEM project is provided by the GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG) with 10 members representing private industry and the public sector.

Breeding History (rows 1 - 20):

Corn breeding has an interesting history of germplasm enhancement through cyclic selection (pedigree selection, recurrent selection, etc) since the early 1900’s. Improvements include better yield, stalk lodging resistance, disease/insect resistance, and stress tolerance. Rows 1-20 are planted with side by side observations of germplasm used in the US Corn Belt beginning with the original Stiff Stalk Synthetic developed by George Sprague in the early 1930’s. Important inbreds derived from Stiff Stalk Synthetic include B14, B37, and B73 released in 1953, 1958, and 1972 respectively. Inbred I205 is a Reid iodent line released in the 1920’s. A popular non-stiff stalk family includes Lancaster, and its derivatives Oh43 and Mo17 released in 1949, and 1964 respectively. The most popular hybrid of the 1970’s-1980’s was B73 x Mo17. Although other heterotic groups of maize have been described, (Midland, Leaming, etc.), these groups are of lesser importance for commercial development of inbred lines. GEM accessions have been assigned to either stiff stalk (SS) or non-stiff stalk (NS) heterotic groups, and crossed with proprietary inbreds of the same heterotic group to make breeding crosses. Selection and development among breeding crosses is in accordance to the GEM protocol, which is a modified pedigree breeding method, and testing S2 and S3 top crosses.

GEM lines and their topcross hybrids (rows 21 - 50; 71 - 100):

Most of the GEM lines (S3 bulks) released to GEM Cooperators during 2003 and 2004 are planted in rows 21-50. Some of these lines are candidates for public release through the NCRPIS within the next 1-2 years.

GEM lines are planted in range 1 with the adjacent range 2 planted to the top cross counterpart for comparative observation. The tester lines used by GEM include elite Corn Belt inbreds LH185 (nSS), LH283 (nSS), LH198 (SS), and LH200 (SS) (Holden’s Foundation Seed, L.L.C.). The pedigrees of the S3’s are labeled to denote percentage of temperate or tropical exotic germplasm (25% or 50%) in the line, the country of origin, and race. Temperate germplasm includes accessions from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, USA; tropical germplasm includes accessions from Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Thailand. Most of the top crosses are in second year trials in 2004, or will be tested for the second year in 2005.

Value-added trait (VAT) lines and their top cross hybrids (rows 51 - 70):

Grain quality analysis is done in our labs in Ames managed by Sue Duvick. Exotic germplasm is an important source of VAT’s. GEM is studying the composition and quality of protein, oil, and starch with the objective of releasing germplasm having improved VAT’s, good combining ability, and agronomic adaptability. Target values include protein content of 13%, oil 6%, and starch 75%. Amino acid content is being studied through a cooperative project with Dr. Paul Scott, USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Corn Genetics Research Unit in Ames. Amino acids evaluated include lysine, tryptophan, methionine, and threonine. Starch thermal properties are analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to determine functionality for potential food and industrial applications. Some of the starch thermal traits evaluated include peak temperature onset for starch gelatinization, temperature range of gelatinization, enthalpy and percent retrogradation, and peak height index of thermogram. GEM lines have been identified with favorable VAT’s such as percent protein, oil, and starch thermal properties over 2 years of evaluation. These lines are planted adjacent to their top cross hybrids in rows 51-70. VAT data in the attached appendix is based on 2 year data with the exception of the amino acid results (1 year data). The top crosses were not evaluated for VAT’s, although the top crosses are in second year yield trials in 2004.

POPGEM (rows 101 - 112):

The POPGEM projectwas started in 2000 by Ken Ziegler at ISU (and 11 private popcorn companies). Unfortunately, with Ken's retirement earlier this month, the POPGEM project has been discontinued. Germplasm that was part of this project is available to all interested GEM Cooperators on a per request basis through the GEM Project. In fall 2005, the POPGEM germplasm will be turned over to the NCRPIS, and made publicly available. Planted in the demo are 4 rows each of the 3 heterotic groups in popcorn: AP=Amber Pearl, SA=South American, and SG= Supergold. The SA and SGrows represent the most advancedpopulations of POPGEM where private company popcorn inbred lines were crossed to exotic material from the Iowa State University, and University of Missouri popcorn breeding programs.(There was not enough remnant seed of the Amber Pearl most advanced population to plant therefore the AP rows represent a subpopulation of the Amber Pearl heterotic group that is similarto themost advancedAP population.)

GEM Lines Derived from 50% Tropical Breeding Crosses (rows 113 - 138):

The GEM program in Raleigh, NC is under the management of USDA-ARS researcher, Joe Hudyncia, who works closely with Dr. Major Goodman, NC State University. The effort in Raleigh is focused on the development of lines derived from 50% tropical breeding crosses. The effort in the Midwest is focused on 25% tropical breeding crosses, and 25% and 50% temperate breeding crosses. Rows 113-138 are planted with top crosses that were selected for adaptability in the Midwest. Most of the GEM lines (involved in top crosses) planted in rows 113-138 were developed in NC, and are in Midwest yield trials in 2004. It is of interest that 12 of the 25 hybrids flowered earlier than or equal to B73xMo17, and should be useful sources of germplasm for Midwest breeding programs.

GEM Breeding crosses (rows 139 - 150):

New breeding crosses under development in the GEM nursery in 2004 include eight temperate (25% or 50% exotic derived) populations, and four 25% tropical populations. Ten of the populations are classified as stiff stalk, and two are non-stiff stalk heterotic group. Self pollinations are being made this summer in Ames from each breeding cross, and the resulting S1 families will be planted ear to row and selected next summer (2005) in the Midwest.

More information on the structure and organization of the GEM Project, membership, yield trial results, germplasm releases, and summaries of University and USDA-ARS research can be found on our web site, http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/. Information and public availability of the LAMP accessions used by GEM can be found at the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) at the web site, http://www.ars-grin.gov.

RANGE 1 – Breeding History Demonstration & Lines for Potential Release
Entry / Pedigree / Mid Poll. / Mid Silk / Comments
Breeding History Demonstration
1 / Original Stiff Stalk Synthetic / 7/28 / 7/30
1
2 / B14 / 7/30 / 8/4
2
3 / B73 / 7/28 / 8/2
3
4 / I205 / 7/30 / 8/2
4
5 / Lancaster Sure Crop / 7/19 / 7/19
5
6 / Mo17 / 7/30 / 8/4
6
7 / Oh43 / 7/23 / 7/26
7
8 / B57 / 7/28 / 8/4
8
9 / CI31A / 8/9 / 8/11
9
10 / A218 / 7/19 / 7/19
10
11 / Commercial Hybrid (Med Season) / 7/22 / 7/22
11
12 / B73 x Mo17 / 7/26 / 7/26
12
13 / AR17056 / 7/26 / 7/30
13
14 / AR17056:N20 / 7/26 / 7/26
14
15 / AR17056:N2025 / 7/22 / 7/22
15
16 / AR17056:N2025-685-1-B-B / 7/23 / 7/26
16
17 / AR17056:N2025-685-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/22 / 7/22
17
18 / Commercial Hybrid (Med Season) / 7/22 / 7/22
18
19 / AR16026:S1704-153-1-B/LH283 / 7/28 / 7/28
19
20 / Commercial Hybrid (Full Season) / 7/30 / 7/30
20
30 GEM Lines for Potential Release
21 / AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B / 7/30 / 8/2
21
22 / AR03056:N09-191-1-B-B-B / 8/4 / 8/4
22
23 / AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B / 8/4 / 8/4
23
24 / AR03056:N09-250-1-B-B-B / 8/4 / 8/4
24
25 / AR16026:S1704-139-1-B / 7/30 / 8/2
25
26 / AR16035:S02-450-1-B-B / 8/2 / 8/2
26
27 / AR16035:S02-611-1-B-B / 8/2 / 8/2
27
28 / AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B / 8/2 / 8/4
28
29 / AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B / 7/28 / 7/30
29
30 / CH05015:N12-183-1-B-B / 7/30 / 8/2
30
31 / CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B / 7/28 / 7/30
31
32 / CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B / 8/2 / 8/2
32
33 / CUBA164:S2012-235-1-B-B / 7/30 / 7/30
33
34 / CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B-B / 8/4 / 8/9
34
35 / CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B-B / 7/30 / 8/2
35
36 / CUBA164:S2012-966-1-B-B / 8/4 / 8/9
36
37 / DK212T:N11a12-121-1-B / 8/2 / 8/2
37
38 / DKXL370:N11a20-199-2-B-B-B / 8/2 / 8/4
38
39 / DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B-B / 8/2 / 8/2
39
40 / DKXL370:N11a20-322-B / 8/2 / 8/2
40
41 / DKXL370:N11a20-36-2-B-B-B / 7/30 / 7/30
41
42 / DKXL370:N11a20-418-1-B-B-B / 8/4 / 8/6
42
43 / DREP150:N2011d-603-2-B / 7/30 / 8/4
43
44 / FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B / 8/2 / 8/4
44
45 / FS8B(T):N11a-110-1-B-B / 7/30 / 7/30
45
46 / FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B-B / 7/30 / 7/30
46
47 / FS8B(T):N11a-87-1-B / 7/28 / 7/30
47
48 / UR01089:S0525-519-1-B / 8/2 / 8/2
48
49 / UR11003:S0302-937-1-B-B / 7/30 / 7/30
49
50 / UR13085:N0215-14-1-B-B-B-B / 7/26 / 7/30
50
RANGE 2 – Breeding for Value-Added Traits & Experimental Hybrids
Entry / Pedigree / Mid Poll. / Mid Silk / Comments
Breeding for Value-Added Traits *
51 / SE32(BR52 051):S17 F2S4 2011-01 / 8/4 / 8/13
51
52 / SE32(BR52 051):S17 F2S4 2011-01/LH283 / 7/30 / 7/30
52
53 / CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B / 7/28 / 7/30
53
54 / CH05015:N1204-057-1-B/LH200 / 7/26 / 7/26
54
55 / AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B / 7/30 / 7/30
55
56 / AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/23 / 7/22
56
57 / CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B / 7/30 / 8/2
57
58 / CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B/LH185 / 7/23 / 7/23
58
59 / DKXL370:N11a20-410-1-B / 7/28 / 7/30
59
60 / DKXL370:N11a20-410-1-B-B/LH200 / 7/26 / 7/26
60
61 / DKXL380:S11 F2S4 2258-03 / 8/9 / 8/16
61
62 / DKXL380:S11 F2S4 2258-03/LH283 / 7/28 / 7/30
62
63 / GUAT209:N1925-81-1-B-B / 7/26 / 7/26
63
64 / GUAT209:N1925-81-1/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/30
64
65 / CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B / 7/28 / 7/28
65
66 / CHIS740:S1411a-783-2/LH283 / 7/26 / 7/26
66
67 / AR17056:N2025 Select # 3-B-B / 7/26 / 7/23
67
68 / AR17056:N2025 Select # 3-B-B/LH198 / 7/23 / 7/22
68
69 / DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B / 8/2 / 8/4
69
70 / DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26
70
Experimental Hybrids – Topcrosses of the Lines in Range 1
71 / AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 21.
71
72 / AR03056:N09-191-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/30 / Top cross of entry 22.
72
73 / AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/30 / Top cross of entry 23.
73
74 / AR03056:N09-250-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/28 / Top cross of entry 24.
74
75 / AR16026:S1704-139-1-B/LH185 / 7/23 / 7/23 / Top cross of entry 25.
75
76 / AR16035:S02-450-1-B-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 26.
76
77 / AR16035:S02-611-1-B-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 27.
77
78 / AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 28.
78
79 / AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/23 / 7/23 / Top cross of entry 29.
79
80 / CH05015:N12-183-1-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 30.
80
81 / CHIS740:S1411a-783-2/LH185 / 7/23 / 7/27 / Top cross of entry 31.
81
82 / CUBA164:S1511b-325-1/LH283 / 7/23 / 7/23 / Top cross of entry 32.
82
83 / CUBA164:S2012-235-1-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 33.
83
84 / CUBA164:S2012-444-1/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 34.
84
85 / CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 35.
85
86 / CUBA164:S2012-966-1/LH185 / 7/23 / 7/23 / Top cross of entry 36.
86
87 / DK212T:N11a12-121-1/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 37.
87
88 / DKXL370:N11a20-199-2-B-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 38.
88
89 / DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B/LH198 / 7/30 / 7/30 / Top cross of entry 39.
89
90 / DKXL370:N11a20-322/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/30 / Top cross of entry 40.
90
91 / DKXL370:N11a20-36-2-B-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 41.
91
92 / DKXL370:N11a20-418-1-B-B/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/28 / Top cross of entry 42.
92
93 / DREP150:N2011d-603-2/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/28 / Top cross of entry 43.
93
94 / FS8(A)S:S09-362-1-B-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/28 / Top cross of entry 44.
94
95 / FS8B(T):N11a-110-1-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 45.
95
96 / FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 46.
96
97 / FS8B(T):N11a-087-1-B/LH200 / 7/26 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 47.
97
98 / UR01089:S0525-519-1/LH283 / 7/26 / 7/28 / Top cross of entry 48.
98
99 / UR11003:S0302-937-1-B/LH185 / 7/24 / 7/26 / Top cross of entry 49.
99
100 / UR13085:N0215-14-1-B/LH198 / 7/28 / 7/28 / Top cross of entry 50.
100
RANGE 3 – POPGEM Populations
Entry / Pedigree / Mid Poll. / Mid Silk / Comments
Experimental Populations from POPGEM
101 / POPGEM AP / 7/23 / 7/26
101
102 / POPGEM AP
102
103 / POPGEM AP
103
104 / POPGEM AP
104
105 / POPGEM SA
105
106 / POPGEM SA / 7/23 / 7/26
106
107 / POPGEM SA
107
108 / POPGEM SA
108
109 / POPGEM SG / 7/22 / 7/23
109
110 / POPGEM SG
110
111 / POPGEM SG
111
112 / POPGEM SG
112
GEM Top crosses involving 50% Tropical Derived Lines
113 / BARBGP2:N08a18-380-1/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26
113
114 / BARBGP2:N08a18-332-1/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26
114
115 / DREP150:N2011d-603-2/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/28
115
116 / BR52051:N04-70-1/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/23
116
117 / BR52051:N04-76-1/LH198 / 7/22 / 7/23
117
118 / Comm Hybrid (Full Season) / 7/30 / 7/30
118
119 / CUBA117:S15-101-1-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26
119
120 / CUBA117:S15-372-1/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26
120
121 / CUBA164:S15-118-6-12-B-B/LH283 / 7/28 / 7/30
121
122 / CUBA164:S15-118-6-19-B-B/LH283 / 7/30 / 7/30
122
123 / CUBA164:S15-118-6-25-B-B/LH283 / 7/28 / 7/30
123
124 / CUBA164:S15-118-6-6-B-B/LH283 / 7/28 / 7/30
124
125 / CUBA164:S15-337-1-B-B/LH185 / 7/23 / 7/23
125
126 / CUBA164:S15-81-7-1-B-B/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26
126
127 / DK212T:N11a-138-1-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26
127
128 / DK212T:N11a-37-1-B/LH198 / 7/26 / 7/26
128
129 / DK212T:S11 F2S4 2111-01/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26
129
130 / DK212T:S11 F2S4 2112-02/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/23
130
131 / DK370A:S11 F2S4 2253-01/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26
131
132 / DK888:S11 F2S4 2152-02/LH283 / 7/28 / 7/30
132
133 / DK888:S11 F2S4 2132-03/LH283 / 7/28 / 7/28
133
134 / DK888:S11 F2S4 2132-03/LH185 / 7/23 / 7/23
134
135 / DK888:S11 F2S4 2143-02/LH185 / 7/26 / 7/26
135
136 / DK888:S11 F2S4 2152-03/LH185 / 7/23 / 7/23
136
137 / PE001n16F2S2-65/LH198 / 7/30 / 7/30
137
138 / PE001n16F2S2-239/LH198 / 7/30 / 7/30
138
GEM Breeding Crosses
139 / AR16021:S08b09 / 7/26 / 7/23
139
140 / AR16026:S1716 / 7/26 / 7/26
140
141 / AR17056:S12 / 7/26 / 7/23
141
142 / DKB830:S11a18 / 7/28 / 7/30
142
143 / FS8A(T):N1804 / 7/30 / 7/30
143
144 / GUAT209:S1317 / 7/26 / 7/26
144
145 / UR13085:S1906 / 7/22 / 7/23
145
146 / UR13088:S0617 / 7/22 / 7/22
146
147 / ANTIG01:N1622 / 7/30 / 7/30
147
148 / AR01150:S0121 / 7/30 / 8/2
148
149 / BR52051:S1711b / 7/26 / 7/30
149
150 / UR05071:S04 / 7/28 / 7/30
150

* For further information, please see the Appendix on the next page.