Supplementary
Table S. 1. International Classification of Disease, Version 9 (ICD-9) Codes Used for Identification of Atrial Fibrillation Cases
Table S. 2. Definition of Candidate Variables and ICD Codes
Table S. 3. International Classification of Disease, Version 9 (ICD-9) Codes Used for Identification of Procedural Complications
Table S. 4. Variables Associated with Mortality on Multivariate Regression Analysis
Figure S. 1. Rate of Overall Complications in Each Age Group
Figure S. 2. Comparison of Complications by CHADS2, CHA2DS2VASc and Proposed Risk Score
Table S. 1. International Classification of Disease, Version 9 (ICD-9) Codes Used for Identification of Atrial Fibrillation Cases
Catheter ablation procedure code 37.34
Atrial fibrillation (primary position) 427.31
Supraventricular tachycardia 427.0
Ventricular tachycardia 427.1
Atrioventricular nodal tachycardia 426.89
Atrial flutter 427.32
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome 426.7
Other premature beats 427.69
Cardiac dysrhythmia 427.89
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome 426.81
Pacemaker implantation 00.50, 00.52, 00.53, 37.71 to 37.79, 37.81 to 37.89
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation 37.94 to 37.98, 00.51, 00.54
Open surgical ablation 37.33
Transvenous lead removal 37.77, 37.79, 37.89, or 37.99
Endocarditis 421.0, 421.1, 421.9, 424.90, 424.91, 424.99
Table S. 2. Definition of Candidate Variables and ICD Codes
Variable / Definition / ICD CodesObesity: / Obesity
Obesity Not specified
Morbid obesity
Image test inconclusive due to body fat
Adult BMI 30 to 39.9
BMI 40 or over
BMI adult or pediatric beyond 95th percentile / 278.0
278.00
278.01-278.03
793.91
V85.30-V85.39
V85.41-V85.45
V85.54
Fluid and electrolyte disorders / Hyperosmolality and/or hypernatremia
Hyposmolality and/or hyponatremia (sodium deficiency)
Acidosis
Alkalosis
Mixed acid-base balance disorder
Volume depletion disorder (hypovolemia; dehydration)
Dehydration
Hypovolemia; Depletion of volume of plasma
Fluid overload disorder
Hyperkalemia (hyperpotassemia)
Hypokalemia (hypopotassemia)
Electrolyte and fluid disorders not elsewhere classified / 276.0
276.1
276.2
276.3
276.4
276.50
276.51
276.52
276.6
276.7
276.8
276.9
Renal failure / Malignant hypertensive renal disease with renal failure
Benign hypertensive renal disease with renal failure
Hypertensive renal disease, unspecified, without renal failure
Hypertensive renal disease, unspecified, with renal failure
Malignant Hypertensive heart/renal disease with renal failure
Malignant Hypertensive heart/renal disease with heart and renal failure
Benign Hypertensive heart/renal disease with renal failure
Benign Hypertensive heart/renal disease with heart and renal failure
Malignant hypertensive heart and renal disease with renal failure, unspecified.
Malignant hypertensive heart and renal disease with mention of renal or heart failure, unspecified
Chronic kidney disease, Stage III (moderate)
Chronic kidney disease, Stage IV (severe)
Chronic kidney disease, Stage V
End stage renal disease (ESRD)
Chronic kidney disease, unspecified
Renal failure, unspecified
Kidney replaced by transplant
Postsurgical renal dialysis status
Renal dialysis status
Noncompliance with renal dialysis
Renal Dialysis Encounter
Hemodialysis Testing
Peritoneal Dialysis Test / 403.01
403.11
403.90
403.91
404.02
404.03
404.12
404.13
404.92
404.93
585.3
585.4
585.5
585.6
585.9
586
V42.0
V45.1
V45.11
V45.12
V56.0
V56.31
V56.32
Cerebrovascular accident/Paralysis / Hemiplegia
Flaccid hemiplegia
Flaccid hemiplegia Unspecified Side
Flaccid hemiplegia Dominant Side
Flaccid hemiplegia Non-dominant Side
Spastic hemiplegia
Spastic hemiplegia Unspecified Side
Spastic hemiplegia Dominant Side
Spastic hemiplegia Non-dominant Side
Other specified hemiplegia
Other Spastic Hemiplegia Unspecified Side
Other Spastic Hemiplegia Dominant Side
Other Spastic Hemiplegia Non-dominant Side
Hemiplegia, unspecified
Hemiplegia affecting unspecified side
Unspecified Hemiplegia Dominant Side
Unspecified Hemiplegia Non-dominant Side
Other paralytic syndromes
Quadriplegia
Quadriplegia, unspecified
Quadriplegia C1-C4, Complete
Quadriplegia C1-C4, Incomplete
Quadriplegia C5-C7, Complete
Quadriplegia C5-C7, Incomplete
Other Quadriplegia
Paraplegia
Diplegia Of Upper Limbs
Monoplegia of Lower Limb
Monoplegia Lower Limb Unspecified Side
Monoplegia Lower Limb Dominant Side
Monoplegia Lower Limb Non-dominant Side
Monoplegia of Upper Limb
Monoplegia Upper Limb Unspecified Side
Monoplegia Upper Limb Dominant Side
Monoplegia Upper Limb Non-dominant Side
Monoplegia Non-specified
Cauda equina syndrome
Cauda Equina Synd Non-specified
Cauda equina syndrome with neurogenic bladder
Other specified paralytic syndromes
Locked-in State
Other Specified Paralytic Syndrome
Paralysis, unspecified
Late effects of cerebrovascular disease -hemiplegia/hemiparesis
Late Effects-hemiplegia Side Non-specified
Late Effects-hemiplegia Dominant Side
Late Effects-hemiplegia Non-dominant Side
Late effects of cerebrovascular disease - monoplegia of upper limb
Late effects-monoplegia Upper Limb Non-specified
Late effects-monoplegia Upper Limb Dominant Side
Late effects-monoplegia Upper Limb Non-dominant Side
Late effects of cerebrovascular disease - monoplegia of lower limb
Late effects-monoplegia Lower Limb Non-specified
Late effects-monoplegia Lower Limb Dominant Side
Late effects-monoplegia Lower Limb Non-dominant Side
Late effects of cerebrovascular disease - other paralytic syndrome
Late effects-other paralytic syndrome Non-specified
Late effects-other paralytic syndrome Dominant Side
Late effects-other paralytic syndrome Non-dominant Side
Late effects-other paralytic syndrome-bilateral
Functional quadriplegia / 342.
342.0
342.00
342.01
342.02
342.1
342.10
342.11
342.12
342.8
342.80
342.81
342.82
342.9
342.90
342.91
342.92
344.
344.0
344.00
344.01
344.02
344.03
344.04
344.09
344.1
344.2
344.3
344.30
344.31
344.32
344.4
344.40
344.41
344.42
344.5
344.6
344.60
344.61
344.8
344.81
344.89
344.9
438.2
438.20
438.21
438.22
438.3
438.30
438.31
438.32
438.4
438.40
438.41
438.42
438.5
438.50
438.51
438.52
438.53
780.72
Liver disease / Hepatitis B Chronic Coma without Delta
Hepatitis B Chronic Coma with Delta
Hepatitis B Chronic without Coma without Delta
Hepatitis B Chronic without Coma with Delta
Chronic hepatitis C with Hepatic Coma
Chronic hepatitis C without mention of hepatic coma
Esophageal varices with bleeding
Esophageal varices without mention of bleeding
Bleed Esophageal varices Other Dis
Esophageal varices Other Dis Non-specified
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis; liver cirrhosis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Acute alcoholic hepatitis
Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver; liver cirrhosis
Alcohol liver damage, unspecified
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis, unspecified
Chronic Persistent Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Other chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis of the liver without mention of alcohol; liver cirrhosis
Biliary cirrhosis; primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
Other chronic nonalcoholic liver disease; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Chronic Liver Dis Non-specified
Portal hypertension
Other sequelae of chronic liver disease
Liver replaced by transplant / 070.22
070.23
070.32
070.33
070.44
070.54
456.0
456.1
456.20
456.21
571.
571.0
571.1
571.2
571.3
571.4
571.40
571.41
571.42
571.49
571.5
571.6
571.8
571.9
572.3
572.8
V42.7
Congestive
Heart Failure / Rheumatic heart failure
Malignant hypertensive heart disease with congestive heart failure
Benign hypertensive heart disease with congestive heart failure
Malignant hypertensive heart/renal disease with congestive heart failure
Malignant hypertensive heart/renal disease without congestive heart failure
Malignant hypertensive heart/renal disease with congestive heart failure and renal failure
Benign hypertensive heart/renal disease with congestive heart failure
Benign hypertensive heart/renal disease with congestive heart failure and renal failure
Malignant hypertensive heart and renal disease with congestive heart failure, unspecified
Malignant hypertensive heart and renal disease with mention of renal or CHF, unspecified
Heart failure, unspecified / 398.91
402.01
402.11
402.91
404.01
404.03
404.11
404.13
404.91
404.93
428.9
Peripheral
vascular
disease / Atherosclerosis (See ICD-9 Code 429.2 -- Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
Atherosclerosis of aorta
Atherosclerosis of renal artery; renal vascular disease (renovascular disease, ischemia, stenosis, occlusion); renal artery stenosis
Atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities (See ICD-9 Code 429.2 -- Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
Atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities unspecified
Atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities with intermittent claudication
Atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities with pain
Atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities with ulceration
Atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities with gangrene
Atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities Other
Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of the extremities
Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of the extremities Nos
Chronic total occlusion of artery of the extremities
Atherosclerosis of other specified arteries
Generalized and unspecified atherosclerosis
Dissection Of Aorta Unspecified Site
Dissection Of Thoracic Aorta
Dissection Of Abdominal Aorta
Dissection Of Thoracoabdominal Aorta
Thoracic aneurysm, ruptured
Thoracic aneurysm without mention of rupture
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), ruptured (See ICD-9 Code 38.44 -- Resection of abdominal aorta with replacement)
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) without mention of rupture
Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm Nos
Thoracoabdominal aneurysm, ruptured
Thoracoabdominal aneurysm without Rupture
Aortic Aneurysm Nos
Upper Extremity Aneurysm
Aneurysm of renal artery; renal artery aneurysm
Aneurysm of iliac artery
Aneurysm of artery of lower extremity (femoral, popliteal)
Other aneurysm of other specified artery
Aneurysm Of Neck
Subclavian Aneurysm
Splenic artery aneurysm
Other visceral artery aneurysm
Aneurysm Nec
Aneurysm Nos
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
Other arterial dissection
Dissection of carotid artery; carotid artery dissection
Dissection Iliac Artery
Dissection Renal Artery
Dissect Vertebral Artery
Dissection of other artery
Other specified peripheral vascular diseases
Angiopathy In Other Dis
Erythromelalgia
Other peripheral vascular disease (acrocyanosis, erythromelalgia)
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD); peripheral arterial disease (PAD); peripheral venous disease; intermittent claudication
Arterial embolism and thrombosis of upper extremity
Arterial embolism and thrombosis of lower extremity
Stricture of artery
Chronic vascular insufficiency of intestine
Unspecified vascular insufficiency of intestine
Blood Vessel Replac Nec / 440.
440.0
440.1
440.2
440.20
440.21
440.22
440.23
440.24
440.29
440.3
440.30
440.4
440.8
440.9
441.00
441.01
441.02
441.03
441.1
441.2
441.3
441.4
441.5
441.6
441.7
441.9
442.0
442.1
442.2
442.3
442.8
442.81
442.82
442.83
442.84
442.89
442.9
443.1
443.2
443.21
443.22
443.23
443.24
443.29
443.8
443.81
443.82
443.89
443.9
444.21
444.22
447.1
557.1
557.9
V43.4
Chronic
pulmonary
disease / Bronchitis not specified as acute or chronic
Chronic bronchitis
Simple chronic bronchitis
Mucopurulent chronic bronchitis
Obstructive chronic bronchitis
Obstructive chronic bronchitis without mention of acute exacerbation
Obstructive chronic bronchitis
Obstructive chronic bronchitis with acute bronchitis
Other chronic bronchitis
Unspecified chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Emphysematous bleb
Other emphysema
Asthma
Extrinsic asthma; occupational asthma; exercise induced asthma
Extrinsic asthma without mention of status asthmaticus
Extrinsic asthma with status asthmaticus
Extrinsic asthma with Acute Exacerbation
Intrinsic asthma (late-onset asthma)
Intrinsic asthma Without status asthmaticus Nos
Intrinsic asthma with status asthmaticus
Intrinsic asthma with Acute Exacerbation
Chronic obstructive asthma with obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive asthma without mention of status asthmaticus
Chronic obstructive asthma with obstructive pulmonary disease with status asthmaticus
Chronic obstructive asthma with Acute Exacerbation
Other forms of asthma
Exercise induced bronchospasm
Cough variant asthma
Asthma, unspecified
Asthma, unspecified, without status asthmaticus
Asthma, unspecified, with status asthmaticus
Asthma with Acute Exacerbation
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis Without Acute Exacerbation
Bronchiectasis With Acute Exacerbation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Farmer's lung
Bagassosis
Bird-fanciers Lung
Malt Workers Lung
Mushroom Workers Lung
Maple Bark-strippers Lung
“Ventilation" Pneumonitis
Allergic Alveolitis/pneumonitis Nec
Unspecified allergic alveolitis and pneumonitis; extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Chronic airway obstruction; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Pneumoconiosis, unspecified
Fumes/vapor Chronic Respiratory Condition / 490.
491.
491.0
491.1
491.2
491.20
491.21
491.22
491.8
491.9
492.
492.0
492.8
493.
493.0
493.00
493.01
493.02
493.1
493.10
493.11
493.12
493.2
493.20
493.21
493.22
493.8
493.81
493.82
493.9
493.90
493.91
493.92
494.
494.0
494.1
495.
495.0
495.1
495.2
495.4
495.5
495.6
495.7
495.8
495.9
496.
505.
506.4
Coagulopathy / Coagulation defects
Congenital factor VIII disorder; hemophilia A
Congenital factor IX disorder; hemophilia B; Christmas disease
Congenital factor XI deficiency
Congenital deficiency of other clotting factors
Von Willebrand disease
Hemorrhagic disorder due to circulating anticoagulants (increase in anti-VIIIa, IXa, Xa)
Defibrination syndrome (disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC)
Acquired coagulation factor deficiency; acquired hemophilia
Other and unspecified coagulation defects; thrombophilia
Thrombocytopathy
Primary thrombocytopenia; immune thrombocytopenic purpura (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura); thrombocytopenia (platelet deficiency)
Primary thrombocytopenia unspecified
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura; Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; Tidal platelet dysgenesis
Evans' syndrome
Congenital and hereditary thrombocytopenic purpura
Congenital and hereditary thrombocytopenic purpura; Congenital and hereditary thrombocytopenia; Thrombocytopenia with absent radii (TAR) syndrome
Secondary thrombocytopenia; heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT); thrombocytopenia (platelet deficiency); drug-induced thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia, unspecified
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) / 286.
286.0
286.1
286.2
286.3
286.4
286.5
286.6
286.7
286.9
287.1
287.3
287.30
287.31
287.32
287.33
287.39
287.4
287.5
289.84
Table S. 3. International Classification of Disease, Version 9 (ICD-9) Codes Used for Identification of Procedural Complications
1. Vascular Complications:
Postop-hemorrhage 998.11, 998.12
Postop-hemorrhage requiring transfusion 99.01-99.09
Vascular injury
Injury to blood vessels 900-904
Accidental puncture 998.2, e870 (PSI*)
Arteriovenous fistula 447
Injury to retro-peritoneum 8680.4
Vascular complications requiring surgery 39.31, 39.41, 39.49, 39.52, 39.53, 39.56, 39.57, 39.58, 39.59, 39.79
Other vascular complications 999.2, 997.7
2. Cardiac Complications:
Iatrogenic cardiac complications 997.1
Pericardial complications
Hemopericardium 423.0
Cardiac tamponade 423.3
Pericardiocentesis 37.0
Myocardial infarction 410
Conversion to open heart surgery 36.01, 36.02, 36.05, 36.09, 36.1X, 35.10, 35.11, 35.12, 35.13, 35.14, 35.20, 35.21, 35.22, 35.23, 35.24, 35.25, 35.26, 35.27, 35.28, 35.32, 35.33,35.34, 35.35,35.42, 35.50, 35.51, 35.52, 35.53, 35.54, 35.60, 35.61, 35.62, 35.63, 35.70, 35.71, 35.72, 35.73, 35.81, 35.82, 35.83, 35.84, 35.91, 35.92, 35.93, 35.94, 35.95, 35.96 35.97, 35.98, 35.99, 36.31, 36.32, 37.32, 37.33, 37.35, 37.51, 37.52, 37.53, 37.54
3. Respiratory complications:
Iatrogenic pneumothorax 512.1
Hemothorax 860.2
Post-operative respiratory failure PSI-patient safety identifiers
Other iatrogenic respiratory complications 997.3
Hemothorax 860.2
4. Neurological Complications:
Postop-Stroke/Transient ischemic attack 997.0, 997.00, 997.01, 997.02, 435.9, 438.0, 4381.0, 4381.1, 4381.2, 4381.9, 382.0, 4382.1, 4382.2, 4383.0, 4383.1, 4383.2, 4384.0, 4384.1, 4384.2, 4385.0, 4385.1, 4385.2,4385.3, 4388.1, 4388.2, 4388.9, 438.9.
5. Shock / Infectious complications
Shock 785.50
Septicemia 038.0, 038.10, 038.11, 038.19, 038.2, 038.3, 038.40, 038.41, 038.42, 038.43, 038.44, 038.49, 038.8, 038.9
Bacteremia 790.7
Cellulitis 682.8, 682.9
Fever 780.6
Table S. 4. Variables Associated with Mortality on Multivariate Regression Analysis
VariablesDerivation Cohort / β Regression Coefficient / Wald Score / Odds Ratio / 95% Confidence Interval / P value
Congestive heart Failure / 1.96 / 211.82 / 7.14 / 5.45-9.2 / <0.0001
Coagulopathy / 1.4 / 127.4 / 4 / 3.1-5.1 / <0.0001
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 0.75 / 54.87 / 2 / 1.6-2.4 / <0.0001
Peripheral Vascular Disease / 0.69 / 23.89 / 1.9 / 1.4-2.5 / <0.0001
Renal failure and electrolyte abnormalities / 1.8 / 311.54 / 6 / 4.9-7.3 / <0.0001
Cerebrovascular accident / 1.36 / 22.23 / 3.93 / 2.2-6.9 / <0.0001
Figure S. 1. Rate of Overall Complications in Each Age Group
Figure S. 2. Comparison of Complications by CHADS2, CHA2DS2VASc and Proposed Risk Score
1