TABLE S1. GenBank accession numbers of polyether epoxidase genes and 16S rRNA genes from epoxidase gene-positive strains

Strain / Accession
number of epoxidase gene / Accession
number of 16S rRNA gene / Strain / Accession
number of epoxidase gene / Accession number of 16S rRNA gene
FXJ1.264 / GU339431 / HQ537067 / RtII32 / GU339452 / HQ537083
FXJ1.121 / GU339433 / HQ596490 / ATCC 31222T / HQ537108 / D86938
FXJ1.076 / GU339434 / HQ537065 / CGMCC 4.1742T / GU339441 / AB184283
FXJ1.066 / GU339435 / HQ537066 / CGMCC 4.1591T / GU339440 / AB184185
FXJ1.172 / GU339449 / HQ537063 / CGMCC 4.1761T / GU339430 / AB249933
FXJ1.262 / GU372917 / HQ537068 / CGMCC 4.3535T / GU562292 / X93194
FXJ1.086 / GU372918 / HQ537064 / CGMCC 4.1513T / GU372922 / AB364594
FXJ1.068 / GU372921 / HQ537069 / CGMCC 4.1686T / GU339447 / AB184090
GTVS6 / HQ537107 / FJ418902 / CGMCC 4.1693T / GU339443 / AB045872
FXJ23 / GU339448 / HQ537078 / DSM 41461T / GU339444 / AB249934
FXJ7.329 / GU372910 / HQ537071 / DSM 40830T / GU339428 / AB184709
FXJ7.142 / GU339424 / HQ537072 / DSM 41759T / GU339426 / AB249963
FXJ7.309 / GU339423 / HQ537070 / DSM 41766T / GU339446 / AB249942
FXJ6.050 / GU339420 / HQ537073 / DSM 41764T / GU339450 / AB249940
FXJ6.141 / GU339421 / HQ537075 / DSM 41761T / GU339425 / AB249947
FXJ6.196 / GU339422 / HQ537077 / DSM 41760T / GU339427 / AB249941
FXJ6.085 / GU372923 / HQ537074 / DSM 41769T / GU339445 / AB249950
FXJ6.046 / GU372924 / HQ537076 / DSM 40847T / GU339429 / AB184870
D19 / GU372916 / HQ537081 / JCM 4703 / GU339451 / HQ537062
D18 / GU339436 / HQ537080 / JCM 3308T / HQ537106 / AB462291
D11 / GU339437 / HQ537079 / NRRL 12515T / HQ537105 / AF163122
A33 / GU339419 / HQ537082 / NRRL 18348T / HQ537109 / AF163114


TABLE S2. Chemical analysis of products of positive strains

Strain / UV / Pseudomolecular ions of compounds / Compounds identified
JCM 3373 / 304 / MS1: [M+H]+=591, [M+NH4]+=608, [M+Na]+=613, [M+K]+=629, [M-H]- =589 / Lasalocid A
MS2(613.5): 359.2, 377.3, 395.0, 569.4, 577.4, 595.3, 613.3
FXJ1.172 / 304 / MS1: [M+H]+=591, [M+NH4]+=608, [M+Na]+=613, [M+K]+=629, [M-H]-=589 / Lasalocid A
MS2(613.6): 359.2, 377.4, 394.9, 569.4, 577.4, 595.3, 613.2
FXJ1.068 / 234 / MS1: [M+NH4]+=884, [M+Na]+=889 / Nanchangmycin
(1.068-A)
MS2(889.7): 447.3, 491.3, 591.4, 631.3, 725.4, 743.4, 761.4, 853.4, 871.4, 889.5
234 / MS1: [M+NH4]+=898, [M+Na]+=903 / New analogue (1.068-B)
MS2(903.7): 461.3, 505.3, 609.4, 637.4, 719.4, 757.4, 775.4, 867.5, 885.5, 903.5
FXJ6.196 / 250, 295 / [M+NH4]+=604, [M+Na]+=609, [M+K]+=625, [M-H]-=585 / Tetronomycin
FXJ1.264 / None / [M+Na]+=937, [M-H]-=913 / Etheromycin (1.264-A)
None / [M+Na]+=951 / New analogue (1.264-B)
DSM 41759T DSM 41760T DSM 41761T DSM 41764T DSM 41766T DSM 41769T DSM 40830T FXJ1.076 FXJ23 / None / [M+NH4]+=742, [M+Na]+=747, [M+K]+=763, [M-H]-=723, [M-H+Cl]-=759 / Nigericin

Note: Strains FXJ1.172, FXJ1.068, FXJ1.076 and FXJ1.264 were fermented at pH5.0, and the rest at pH7.3. Strains FXJ1.172 and FXJ1.076 were fermented using SGG media, and the rest using GYM media. Bold fonts indicate characteristic fragment ions (m/z).


TABLE S3. Tandem ESI-MS analysis of 1.068-A and 1.068-B (positive mode)

1.068-A / Full and fragment ions (m/z) / 1.068-B / Full and fragment ions (m/z)
MS Full / [M+Na]+=889.7 / MS Full / [M+Na]+=903.7
MS2(889) / 871.4*, 761.4*, 743.4*, 725.4, 591.3#, 491.2*, 447.2* / MS2(903) / 885.6, 775.5, 757.5, 591.4#, 505.3, 461.3
MS3(871) / 853.4*, 743.4*, 725.4, 707.4, 631.3#, 613.4*, 573.3#, 491.2*, 473.0*, 447.2* / MS3(885) / 867.4, 757.4, 739.4, 631.3#, 619.3, 591.3, 573.3#, 505.2, 487.2
MS3(743) / 725.3*, 503.2, 472.9*, 447.2, 429.0* / MS4(757) / 739.4, 505.2, 487.2, 443.1
MS4(853) / 835.3, 781.3, 725.3, 707.3, 613.3# / MS4(867) / 849.3, 795.3, 739.3, 613.3#
MS5(613) / 485.3# / MS5(613) / 485.3#

Note: Bold fonts indicate the corresponding m/z difference is Δ14. *, characteristic ESI-MS data of nanchangmycin (1); #, identical fragment ions of 1.068-A and 1.068-B.

Figure S1. Neighbour-joining tree of 16S rRNA genes of OTUs from eight habitats and related species. Different colors represent different major sample sources of the positive strains. Significant bootstrap values (>50%) are indicated at the nodes. The scale bar represents 0.01 mutational events per site.

Figure S2. 1H-1H COSY, key HMBC and key ROE correlations for 1.264-B


LIST S1. Polyether epoxidase gene-negative reference strains detected in this study

Sterptomycetaceae
Kitasatospora
Kitasatosporia clausa
CGMCC 4.1250 T / Kitasatospora azatica
CGMCC 4.1663 T / Kitasatospora phosalacinea
CGMCC 4.1176
Streptacidiphilus
Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis
CGMCC 4.1857 T / Streptacidiphilus oryzae
CGMCC 4.2012 T / Streptacidiphilus neutrinimicus
CGMCC 4.1811T
Streptacidiphilus carbonis
CGMCC 4.1810 T
Streptomyces
Streptomyces aureoverticillatus
CGMCC 4.1666 T / Streptomyces albidoflavus
DSM 40077 / Streptomyces venezuelae
CGMCC 4.1526 T
Streptomyces cinnamoneus
DSM 41675 / Streptomyces lavendulae
LMG 19938 T / Streptomyces nogalater
CGMCC 4.1442 T
Streptomyces coelicolor
CGMCC 4.1059 / Streptomyces collinus
CGMCC 4.1623 T / Streptomyces ederensis
CGMCC 4.1665 T
Streptomyces avermitilis
CGMCC 4.1253 T / Streptomyces fungicidicus
CGMCC 4.1312 T / Streptomyces ehimensis
CGMCC 4.1668 T
Streptomyces odorifer
NBRC 13365 T / Streptomyces lucensis
DSM 40317 T / Streptomyces mediolani
CGMCC 4.1896 T
Streptomyces virginiae
CGMCC 4.1530 T / Streptomyces gougerotii
DSM 40324 T / Streptomyces alboviridis
CGMCC 4.1627 T
Streptomyces viridochromogenes
CGMCC 4.1081 T / Streptomyces libani subsp. libani
DSM 40555 T / Streptomyces cinnamoneus
DSM 40507 T
Streptomyces baarnensis
CGMCC 4.1607 T / Streptomyces toyocaensis
NRRL 15009 / Streptomyces aminophilus
CGMCC 4.1416 T
Streptomyces sindenensis
CGMCC 4.626 T / Streptomyces chartreusis
DSM 41255 / Streptomyces viridifaciens
DSM 40239
Streptomyces indigoferus
DSM 40124 T / Streptomyces herbaricolor
DSM 40123 T / Streptomyces spiralis
DSM 43836 T
Streptomyces sclerotialus
CGMCC 4.1484 T / Streptomyces ornatus
CGMCC 4.1321 T / Streptomyces lavendulcocolor
LMG 19934 T
Streptomyces coelicolor
CGMCC 4.1658 T / Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
NRRL B-16638 / Streptomyces graminofaciens
CGMCC 4.1359 T
Streptomyces badius
CGMCC 4.1406 T / Streptomyces roseoverticillatus
LMG 19926 T / Streptomyces odorifer
NBRC 13365 T
Streptomyces resistomycicus
CGMCC 4.1304 T / Streptomyces halstedii
CGMCC 4.1358 T / Streptomyces griseoplanus
CGMCC 4.1868 T
Streptomyces cavourensis subsp. washingtonensis CGMCC 4.1635 T / Streptomyces rimosus subsp. rimosus
CGMCC 4.1438 T / Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus
CGMCC 4.1419 T
Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus
CGMCC 4.1612 T / Streptomyces griseus subsp. alpha
CGMCC 4.1843 T / Streptomyces erumpens
CGMCC 4.1626 T
Streptomyces luteoverticillatus
CGMCC 4.1974 / Streptomyces ochraceiscleroticus
CGMCC 4.1096 T / Streptomyces abikoensis
CGMCC 4.1662 T
Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. glebosus CGMCC 4.1873 T / Streptomyces purpurogeneiscleroticus CGMCC 4.1929 T / Streptomyces lavendulae subsp. lavendulae CGMCC 4.201
Streptomyces canescens
CGMCC 4.1681 T / Streptomyces flavogriseus
CGMCC 4.1834 T / Streptomyces acrimycini
CGMCC 4.1673 T
Streptomyces felleus
CGMCC 4.1677 T / Streptomyces globisporus subsp. caucasicus NBRC 100770 T / Streptomyces griseus subsp .solvifaciens
CGMCC 4.1845 T
Streptomyces vinaceus
CGMCC 4.1305 T / Streptomyces sampsonii
NBRC 13083 T / Streptomyces champavatii
CGMCC 4.1615 T
Streptomyces galilaeus
CGMCC 4.1320 T / Streptomyces albidoflavus
DSM 40455 T / Streptomyces limosus
NBRC 12790 T
Streptomyces setonii
CGMCC 4.1367 T / Streptomyces roseoverticillatus
LMG 19926 T / Streptomyces demainii
DSM 41600 T
Streptomyces endus
CGMCC 4.1377 T / Streptomyces violens
CGMCC 4.1786 T / Streptomyces longisporoflavus
CGMCC 4.529
Streptomyces longisporoflavus
CGMCC 4.573 / Streptomyces longisporoflavus
CGMCC 4.445 / Streptomyces fulvoviridis
CGMCC 4.449
Streptomyces parvulus
CGMCC 4.1094 / Streptomyces parvulus
CGMCC 4.776 / Streptomyces aureus
CGMCC 4.769
Streptomyces aureus
CGMCC 4.771 / Streptomyces aureus
CGMCC 4.526 / Streptomyces viridochromogenes
CGMCC 4.228
Streptomyces viridochromogenes
CGMCC 4.640 T / Streptomyces olivaceogriseus
CGMCC 4.490 T / Streptomyces olivaceogriseus
CGMCC 4.493
Streptomyces aureofaciens
CGMCC 4.568 T / Streptomyces aureofaciens
CGMCC 4.1041 / Streptomyces filipinensis
CGMCC 4.1452 T
Streptomyces parvulus
CGMCC 4.130 / Streptomyces parvulus
CGMCC 4.611 / Streptomyces parvulus
CGMCC 4.499
Streptomyces pactum
CGMCC 4.1443 T / Streptomyces lydicus
CGMCC 4.1412 T / Streptomyces candidus
GMCC 4.263
Nocardiaceae
Nocardia
Nocardia corallina
CGMCC 4.1037 / Nocardia nostocoides
CGMCC 4.1186 T / Nocardia uniformis
CGMCC 4.1137
Nocardia rubropertincta
CGMCC 4.1049 / Nocardia salmonicolor
CGMCC 4.1187 T / Nocardia fusca
CGMCC 4.1160 T
Nocardia brasiliensis
CGMCC 4.1128 / Nocardia beijingensis
CGMCC 4.1521 T / Nocardia asterodies
CGMCC 4.1165 T
Nocardia coeliaca
CGMCC 4.1129 T / Nocardia abscessus
CGMCC 4.1723 T / Nocardia farcinica
CGMCC 4.1166 T
Nocardia italica
CGMCC 4.1132 / Nocardia salmonicida
CGMCC 4.1502 T / Nocardia carnea
CGMCC 4.1167 T
Nocardia salmonicida
CGMCC 4.1136 T / Nocardia nova
CGMCC 4.1879 T / Nocardia transvalensis
CGMCC 4.1169 T
Nocardia purpurea
CGMCC 4.1182 T / Nocardia galba
CGMCC 4.1177 T / Nocardia flavorosea
CGMCC 4.1175 T
Rhodococcus
Rhodococcus marinonascens
CGMCC 4.1726 T / Rhodococcus rhodochrous
1.2348 T / Rhodococcus erythropolis
1.2362 T
Rhodococcus koreensis
CGMCC 4.1724 / Rhodococcus percolatus
CGMCC 4.1823 T
Micromonosporaceae
Micromonospora
Micromonospora chalcea
CGMCC 4.1050 T / Micromonospora echinoaurantiaca
CGMCC 4.1254 T / Micromonospora echinobrunnea
CGMCC 4.1274 T
Micromonospora carbonacea subsp. carbonacea CGMCC 4.1077 T / Micromonospora fulvoiolacea
CGMCC 4.1260 T / Micromonospora cyanea
CGMCC 4.1275 T
Micromonospora halophytica subsp.Halophytica CGMCC 4.1078 T / Micromonospora brunnescens
CGMCC 4.1268 T / Micromonospora nigra
CGMCC 4.1278 T
Micromonospora purpurea
CGMCC 4.1079 T / Micromonospora citrea
CGMCC 4.1269 T / Micromonospora halophytica
CGMCC 4.1490 T
Micromonospora yulongensis
CGMCC 4.1152 T
Actinoplanes
"Actinoplanes kinshanensis"
CGMCC 4.1012 T
Catellatospora
Catellatospora bangladeshensis
JCM 12949 T / Catellatospora methionotrophica
JCM 7543 T / Catellatospora coxensis
JCM 12951 T
Catenuloplanes
Catenuloplanes atrovinosus
JCM 9535 T / Catenuloplanes crispus
JCM 9312 T / Catenuloplanes castaneus
JCM 9537 T
Catenuloplanes nepalensis
JCM 9536 T / Catenuloplanes indicus
JCM 9534 T
Couchioplanes
Couchioplanes caeruleus subsp. azureus
JCM 3246 T / Couchioplanes caeruleus subsp. Caeruleus JCM 3195 T
Longispora
Longispora albida
JCM 11711 T
Pilimelia
Pilimelia anulata
JCM 3090 T
Actinocatenispora
Actinocatenispora thailandica
JCM 12343 T
Virgisporangium
Virgisporangium ochraceum
JCM 11001 T / Virgisporangium aurantiacum
JCM 11002 T
Actinosynnematacea
Lechevalieria
Lechevalieria flava
CGMCC 4.1715 T / Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes
DSM 44217
Lentzea
Lentzea violacea
CGMCC 4.1702 T / Lentzea waywayandensis
CGMCC 4.1646 T
Actinosynnema
Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. auranticum
IFO 15620 T
Saccharothrix
Saccharothrix syringae
JCM 6844 T / Saccharothrix espanaensis
CGMCC 4.1714 T / Saccharothrix mutabilis subsp.mutabilis
CGMCC 4.1354 T
Saccharothrix mutabilis subsp.capreolus
CGMCC 4.1351 T / Saccharothrix coeruleofusca
JCM 3313 T
Pseudonocardiaceae
Pseudonocardia
Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans
CGMCC 4.1877 T / Pseudonocardia benzenivorans
CGMCC 4.3146 T / Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans
CGMCC 4.3145 T
Pseudonocardia oroxyli
CGMCC 4.3143 T / Pseudonocardia kongjuensis
CGMCC 4.2028 T / Pseudonocardia alni
JCM 9103 T
Pseudonocardia petroleophila
JCM 3378 T
Prauserella
Prauserella rugosa
CGMCC 4.1215 T
Saccharomonospora
Saccharomonospora azurea
CGMCC 4.1328 T / Saccharomonospora guangxiensis
CGMCC 4.1509 T / Saccharomonospora glauca
CGMCC 4.1329 T
Saccharomonospora cyanea
CGMCC 4.1327 T
Saccharopolyspora
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
CGMCC 4.1478 T / Saccharopolyspora taberi
CGMCC 4.2117 T / Saccharopolyspora spinosa
CGMCC 4.1365 T
Saccharopolyspora flava
CGMCC 4.1520 T
Amycolatopsis
Amycolatopsis orientalis
IFO 12806 T / Amycolatopsis sulphurea
CGMCC 4.1217 T / Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. lurida
CGMCC 4.1133 T
Amycolatopsis fastidiosa
CGMCC 4.1172 T / Amycolatopsis sulphurea
CGMCC 4.1144 T / Amycolatopsis rubida Huang
CGMCC 4.1541 T
Kutzneria
Kutzneria viridogrisea
CGMCC 4.1348 T
Actinoalloteichus
Actinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis
CGMCC 4.2500 T
Allokutzneria
Allokutzneria albata
CGMCC 4.1881 T
Nocardiopsaceae
Nocardiopsis
Nocardiopsis tropica
CGMCC 4.2092 T / Nocardiopsis listeri
CGMCC 4.1445 T / Nocardiopsis composta
CGMCC 4.2090 T
Streptosporangiaceae
Planomonospora
Planomonospora parontospora subsp. parontospora CGMCC 4.1205 T
Microbispora
Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea
DSM 43164 T / Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea
CGMCC 4.1339 T / Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea
CGMCC 4.1343 T
Streptosporangium
Streptosporangium pseudovulgare
CGMCC 4.1346 T / Streptosporangium roseum
JCM 3005 T / Streptosporangium violaceochromogenes CGMCC 4.2064 T
Planobispora
Planobispora longispora
JCM 3092 T
Nonomuraea
Nonomuraea angiospora
JCM 3109 T / Nonomuraea roseoviolacea
JCM 3145 T / Nonomuraea salmonea
ATCC 33580 T
Thermomonosporaceae
Actinocorallia
Actinocorallia glomerata
DSM 44360 T / Actinocorallia aurantiaca
DSM 43924 T / Actinocorallia herbida
DSM 44254 T
Actinomadura
Actinomadura citrea
JCM 3295 T / Actinomadura madurae
CGMCC 4.1224 T / Actinomadura ochracea
CGMCC 4.1283 T
Actinomadura coerulea
CGMCC 4.1515 T / Actinomadura kijaniata
ATCC 31588 T / Actinomadura luteoluorescens
CGMCC 4.1516 T
Actinomadura cremea subsp. rifamycini
JCM 3309 T / Actinomadura verrucosospora
CGMCC 4.1512 T

REFERENCE

  1. Sun, Y. H., and Z. X. Deng. 2003. Genetic and molecular basis for the biosynthesis of antibiotics in Streptomyces nanchangensis. Ph.D. thesis. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

9