Study Guide – Physical Science Semester 1 Exam
1. What is the first step when designing an experiment?
2. What occurs when a scientist’s expectations change how the results of an experiment are viewed?
3. What is a testable prediction called?
4. What is the measurement system used and understood by scientists worldwide?
5. A factor that changes in an experiment when the independent variable changes is called what?
6. Given an example of a derived unit.
7. What is an organized process used to gather observations and test a hypothesis called?
8. Which of the following are units of volume? Gram liter mL m3 meter cm3 ampere
9. A bottle contains 0.15 L of water. The bottle’s volume is ______milliliters.
10. In an experiment, when you collect data by using your senses, you are making an ______.
11. A car is an example of…….. pure science a dependent variable an exercise technology ?
______12. A possible hypothesis based on the information on this table is ____.
Life SpanChicken / Panda Bear / Human
Resting Heart Rate / 275 beats per minute / 45 beats per min. / 60 beats per min.
Average Life Span / 10 y. / 25 y. / 75 y.
a. average life span is proportional to heart rate
b. farm animals live longer than pets
c. larger animals have faster heart rates
d. heart rate is not related to lifespan
13. Barak Smith ran 11.4 km in 38 minutes. What was his average running speed?
14. What is Newton’s first law of motion? Example?
15. If an object has a constant velocity, what is happening to the acceleration?
16. If an object has a constant acceleration, what is happening to its velocity?
17. Define velocity:
18. Jessica likes to run in circles. If she runs at a constant 2 m/s, is her velocity changing?
Is she accelerating?
19. Diana is riding her pony. She decides to slow down, so she pulls on the reigns. Her speed changes
from 11 m/s to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. What was her acceleration?
20. When you swing a rock tied to a string in a circle, the net force called the centripetal force, is in what direction?
21. Use the graph: What was swimmer B’s average speed?
22. What does a horizontal line on a distance v. time
graph indicate?
23. Which are forces? Friction? Acceleration?
Gravity? Velocity?
Momentum?
24. What two things does the force of gravity depend on?
25. What are the two ways the force a gravity can be increased?
26. Define weight:
27. If you shoot a bullet and drop a bullet from the same height,
which will hit the ground first? Why?
28. During which segment(s) is the car not moving?
29. Which segment(s) represent positive acceleration?
30. Friction converts some kinetic energy into what?
31. State the law of conservation of energy:
32. What is the gravitational potential energy of a
5.0 kg object located 13.0 m above the ground?
33. The kinetic energy of a 1,500 kg SUV traveling
4 m/s is?
34. How much work do you do when you lift a 25 kg panda bear 1.2 m?
35. If the radius of a door knob’s inner rod is 1.25 and the actual radius of a doorknob is 9.0 cm, what is its mechanical advantage?
36. If the distance between the input force and the fulcrum is 2.0 m and the distance between the output force and the fulcrum is 8.0 m, what is the ideal mechanical advantage? a. 6.0 b. 4.0 c. 0.25 d. 1.0
______37. Bar that is free to pivot about a fixed point
______38. a chisel or an ax
______39. Sloping surface used to raise an object
______40. Inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post
______41. Grooved wheel with a rope, simple chain, or cable running along a groove.
______42. A door knob
______43. Energy stored in chemical bonds
______44. Total amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system
______45. Causes some mechanical energy to change to thermal energy
______46. The ability to cause change
______47. Energy stored by things that are above the earth
______48. Stored energy due to position
______49. Energy stored by things that stretch or compress
______50. Energy in the form of motion
______51. SI unit of energy
______52. Energy cannot by created or destroyed
______53. Unit used to measure energy in food
54. What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy?
55. T or F A high specific heat means that a substance will heat up rather quickly.
56. Energy is transferred from the sun to the Earth by? Radiation convection conduction
57. What substances are good conductors of heat and electricity?
58. A series circuit has a 1.5V batter and a light bulb with a resistance of 4 ohms. What is the current through the circuit?
59. What is the power consumed by the lightbulb in the question above?
60. What is the total current in the circuit to the right?
61. What kind of circuit is the circuit to the right?
62. What are the 3 main magnetic substances?
63. What does electric current through a wire produce?
64. How can you create an electromagnet?
65. How do you increase the strength of an electromagnet?
66. Draw a representation of the magnetic domains in a nail that is not magnetized.
67. Draw a representation of the magnetic domains in a nail that is magnetized.
68. On a magnet, where are the magnetic fields most concentrated (strongest)?
69. Why does a compass work?
70. Which way does the matter move in relationship to the direction of a transverse wave?
a compressional wave?
71. Draw a transverse wave. Label the trough, crest, amplitude, and wavelength.
72. Draw a compressional wave. Label the rarefaction and compression.
73. If you increase the amplitude of a wave, you increase the ______of that wave.
74. What is the frequency of a wave if its wavelength is 11 m and wave velocity is 35 m/s?
75. Frequency and wavelength are inversely related. What does this mean?
76. Can sound wave travel through solids? Can electromagnetic waves travel through air?
77. What does the unit “decibels” measure? What level will cause damage to humans?
78. Describe the Doppler effect as a race car passes you.
79. Why does a red sweater look red?
80. What causes electromagnetic waves?
81. What type of electromagnetic wave is the main cause of skin cancer?
Which is felt as heat from a fire?
82. List all electromagnetic waves (from shortest to longest wavelength).
83. Electromagnetic waves can behave as a particle. What is this particle called?
84. What happens when light travels from air into water at an angle?
GIVE THE BASE UNIT FOR EACH:
Unit of electrical resistance
Unit of voltage
frequency
Unit for work
Unit for force
Unit for distance
Unit for speed
Unit for power
Specific unit for thermal energy
Unit of mass
Unit of electric current
Unit for energy