Standard Operating Procedure
Potassium Hydroxide
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Type of SOP: ☐Process ☒Hazardous Chemical ☐ Hazardous Class
Purpose
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a corrosive, strong base and has a variety of uses in the laboratory work. It can form strongly alkaline solutions in water and other polar solvents. These solutions are capable of deprotonating many acids, even weak ones. Hence, an aqueous solution is commonly prepared and used in titration and neutralization reactions to yield potassium salts. When dissolved in water, heat will be liberated due to exothermic reaction. Therefore, improper storage and handling of KOH and its solution will pose a serious threat to the health and safety of laboratory personnel, emergency responders and chemical waste handles.
Physical & Chemical Properties/Definition of Chemical Group
CAS#: 1310-58-3
Class: Corrosive, Water-Reactive
Molecular Formula: KOH
Form (physical state): White solid
Boiling point: 1320 °C
Potential Hazards/Toxicity
Harmful through inhalation or skin absorption. Destructive to the Tissue or the Mucous Membranes and Upper Respiratory Tract. Causes Burns to the Skin and Eyes. Toxic through Ingestion. Causes Severe Digestive Tract Burns with Abdominal Pain, Vomiting and Possible Death.
Acute toxicity
Oral LD50 [rat] 273 mg/kg
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Respirator Protection
Please use potassium hydroxide in a chemical fume hood at all times. When a respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Respirators should be used only under any of the following circumstances:
· As a last line of defense (i.e., after engineering and administrative controls have been exhausted).
· When Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) has exceeded or when there is a possibility that PEL will be exceeded.
· Regulations require the use of a respirator.
· An employer requires the use of a respirator.
· There is potential for harmful exposure due to an atmospheric contaminant (in the absence of PEL)
· As PPE in the event of a chemical spill clean-up process
Lab personnel intending to use/wear a respirator mask must be trained and fit-tested by EH&S. This is a regulatory requirement. (https://www.ehs.ucla.edu/ep/ih/resp)
Hand Protection
Neoprene, nitrile or butyl rubber gloves are recommended. Consult with your preferred glove manufacturer to ensure that the gloves you plan on using are compatible with Potassium Hydroxide.
NOTE: Consult with your preferred glove manufacturer to ensure that the gloves you plan on using are compatible with Potassium Hydroxide.
Refer to glove selection chart from the links below:
http://www.ansellpro.com/download/Ansell_8thEditionChemicalResistanceGuide.pdf
OR
http://www.allsafetyproducts.com/glove-selection-chart-chemical-breakthrough-ratings.html
OR
http://www.showabestglove.com/site/default.aspx
OR
http://www.mapaglove.com/
Eye Protection
When handling the chemical, wear safety glasses and a face shield.
Skin and Body Protection
Lab coats should be worn. These laboratory coats must be appropriately sized for the individual and be buttoned to their full length. Laboratory coat sleeves must be of a sufficient length to prevent skin exposure while wearing gloves. Full length pants and close-toed shoes must be worn at all times by all individuals that are occupying the laboratory area. The area of skin between the shoe and ankle should not be exposed.
Hygiene Measures
Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.
Engineering Controls
Work with this chemical in a certified ducted fume hood. Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower.
First Aid Procedures
If inhaled
Move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact
Take off contaminated clothing immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water for 15 minutes. Take victim immediately to hospital. Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Continue to wash eyes during transport to the hospital.
If swallowed
Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.
Special Handling and Storage Requirements
Precautions for safe handling
Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation. Do not allow water to get into the container because of violent exothermic reaction. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not ingest or inhale. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.
Conditions for safe storage
Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep away from strong acids. Keep away from water. Keep away from metals. Keep away from flammable liquids. Keep away from organic halogens. Absorbs CO2 from the air.
Spill and Accident Procedure
Chemical Spill Dial 911 and x59797
Spill – Help contaminated or injured persons. Evacuate the spill area. Avoid breathing vapors utilizing a self-contained breathing apparatus. Eliminate sources of ignition if the chemical is flammable. If possible, confine the spill to a small area using a spill kit or absorbent material. Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Decontaminate trace cyanide in the spill area with a strong sodium or calcium hypochlorite solution and flush waste to a holding area for potassium removal. Provide ventilation. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Keep others from entering contaminated area (e.g., use caution tape, barriers, etc.)
Small (<1 L) – If you have training, you may assist in the clean-up effort. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and clean-up material for chemical spilled. Double bag spill waste in clear plastic bags, label and take to the next chemical waste pick-up.
Large (>1 L) – Dial 911 (or 310-825-1491 from cell phone) and EH&S at x59797 for assistance.
Chemical Spill on Body or Clothes – Remove clothing and rinse body thoroughly in emergency shower for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Notify supervisor and EH&S at x59797 immediately.
Chemical Splash Into Eyes – Immediately rinse eyeball and inner surface of eyelid with water from the emergency eyewash station for 15 minutes by forcibly holding the eye open. Seek medical attention. Notify supervisor and EH&S at x59797 immediately.
Medical Emergency Dial 911 or x52111
Life Threatening Emergency, After Hours, Weekends And Holidays – Dial 911 (or 310-825-1491 from cell phone) or contact the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (emergency room) directly at x52111 (located at 757 Westwood Plaza, enter from Gayley Avenue). Note: All serious injuries must be reported to EH&S at x59797 within 8 hours.
Non-Life Threatening Emergency – Go to the Occupational Health Facility (OHF), x56771, CHS room 67-120 (This is on the 6th floor, 7th corridor, room 120. Enter through the School of Dentistry on Tiverton Drive and proceed to the “O” elevator to the 6th floor.)Hours: M - F, 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. At all other times report to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (emergency room) at x52111. Note: All serious injuries must be reported to EH&S at x59797 within 8 hours.
Needle stick/puncture exposure (as applicable to chemical handling procedure) – Wash the affected area with antiseptic soap and warm water for 15 minutes. For mucous membrane exposure, flush the affected area for 15 minutes using an eyewash station. Page the needle stick nurse by dialing 231 from a campus phone, enter 93333 when prompted and then enter your extension. Hours: M – F, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. At all other times report to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (emergency room) at x52111. Note: All needle stick/puncture exposures must be reported to EH&S at x59797 within 8 hours.
Decontamination/Waste Disposal Procedure
Wearing proper PPE, please decontaminate equipment and bench tops using soap and water. Please dispose of the spent potassium hydroxide and disposables contaminated with potassium hydroxide as hazardous waste.
General hazardous waste disposal guidelines:
Label Waste
· Affix an on-line hazardous waste tag on all waste containers using the WASTe Online Tag Program https://ehs.ucop.edu/waste as soon as the first drop of waste is added to the container
Store Waste
· Store hazardous waste in closed containers, in secondary containment and in a designated location
· Double-bag dry waste using transparent bags https://www.ehs.ucla.edu/hazwaste/management/containers
· Waste must be under the control of the person generating & disposing of it
Dispose of Waste
· Dispose of regularly generated chemical waste within 90 days
· Call EH&S at x61887 for questions
· Empty Containers
o Dispose as hazardous waste if it once held extremely hazardous waste (irrespective of the container size) https://www.ehs.ucla.edu/hazwaste/types/extremely-hazardous
o Consult waste pick-up schedule
https://www.ehs.ucla.edu/hazwaste/management/pick-ups
Prepare for transport to pick-up location
§ Check on-line waste tag
§ Write date of pick-up on the waste tag
§ Use secondary containment
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Location
Online SDS can be accessed at http://msds.ehs.ucla.edu.
Protocol/Procedure
Quantities covered by this SOP
0-100ml 10 M stock solution
0-56 g KOH pellets (to prepare 10 M stock solution)
Conditions covered by this SOP
0 ºC - 50 ºC
10M KOH solutions is commonly made as the stock solution and diluted to 1M working solution for titration. Wear appropriate PPE and conduct all work with KOH in a chemical fume hood.
100ml 10M KOH stock solution
1. Weigh 56 g KOH pellets and gradually add into 80 ml water in a beaker.
2. To avoid excessive heat buildup, keep stirring constantly and place beaker in an ice bath.
3. Do not add more KOH into the water before confirming the added pellets are completely dissolved and the water temperature is cooling down.
4. After all the pellets are dissolved, fill up the solution to 100ml.
5. As KOH solution could slowly dissolve glass, store it in a plastic container before using.
1M KOH stock solution
1. Add 90 ml water in a graduated cylinder.
2. Add 10 ml 10 M KOH stock.
3. Mix
4. Store in a labeled plastic container.
Adjusting the pH of a solution
1. Wearing proper PPE (Nitrile gloves, lab coat and safety goggles)
2. Turn on the pH meter. Remove the electrode from the storage vial and rinse it with deionized water. Using a filter paper to gently wipe the electrode to dry.
3. Submerge the electrode in the solution you want to adjust and wait until the readout is stable.
4. To make the solution to more basic, add 10 M KOH slowly. As you approach the desired pH, you may switch to adding 1 M KOH slowly.
5. When finished, rinse the electrode and return it to storage vial (make sure there is still enough pH electrode storage solution in the vial to cover end of probe).
6. Dispose of pipettes in the waste container provided and dispose as hazardous waste.
7. In case of a spill neutralize KOH with citric acid (from the chemical spill kit), then use absorbent. Clean up the area with plenty of water and absorb with paper towels. Dispose of cleanup materials as hazardous waste.
NOTE
Any deviation from this SOP requires approval from PI.
Documentation of Training (signature of all users is required)
· Prior to conducting any work with Potassium Hydroxide, designated personnel must provide training to his/her laboratory personnel specific to the hazards involved in working with this substance, work area decontamination, and emergency procedures.
· The Principal Investigator must provide his/her laboratory personnel with a copy of this SOP and a copy of the SDS provided by the manufacturer.
· The Principal Investigator must ensure that his/her laboratory personnel have attended appropriate laboratory safety training or refresher training within the last one year.
Principal Investigator SOP Approval
Print name ______Signature______
Approval Date:
I have read and understand the content of this SOP:
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Potassium Hydroxide 7 Date: 9/16/2015
UCLA- EH&S Written By/Reviewed By: