Science 10 Ch 1-2 Review Name:______
Sustainability of Ecosystems
Part A Circle the letter of the correct response. (12 points)
1. In the food web above, which of the following is found in the second trophic level?
a. quail b. hawks
c. grasses d. snakes
2. In the food web above, which of the following would you expect to have the least biomass within their trophic level?
a. quail b. hawks
c. grasses d. snakes
3. In the food web above, which of the following is aherbivore?
a. quail b. hawks
c. grasses d. snakes
4. In the food web above, which of the following is an omnivore?
a. quail b. hawks
c. grasses d. snakes
5. In the food web above, which of the following is a top carnivore?
a. quail b. hawks
c. grasses d. snakes
6. Which of the following is an example of interspecies competition?
a. Male hawks compete for mates and the best nesting areas.
b. Snakes and hawks both eat small quail.
c. Blueberry bushes are found in many different food chains within the ecosystem.
d. A forest fire can greatly reduce the population of rabbits.
7. How many trophic levels are shown in the food chain on the right?
a. 7 b. 6
c. 5 d. 4
8. What is missing from the food chain on the right?
a. producers
b. herbivores
c. carnivores
d. detritivores
9. What could happen in this ecosystem if the population of sunfish was decreased?
a. The population of small sharks would increase.
b. The population of small shrimp would increase.
c. The population of small shrimp would decrease.
d. Every organism in the food chain would decrease.
10. In this ocean ecosystem, which of the following is most likely?
a. an inverted pyramid of numbers
b. an inverted pyramid of biomass
c. an inverted pyramid of energy flow
d. none of the above is possible
11. The productivity of an ecosystem depends on:
a. temperature, moisture, sunshine and soil nutrients
b. only the nutrients available in the soil
c. the number of top consumers
d. the amount of competition
12. What makes an inverted pyramid of numbers possible?
a. The top carnivore is a very large organism, like a shark.
b. The producer is a very large organism, like a tree.
c. There are no carnivores.
d. the producers grow very quickly, like algae.
13. Which of these in an example of a keystone species?
a. kelp
b. sea urchins
c. clams
d. sea otters
14. How did First Nations people traditionally manage populations of sea otters?
a. They hired scientists to study them.
b. They relocated the otters to other areas.
c. They hunted the otters that came near their fishing areas.
d. They hunted all of the otters to extinction.
15. Why do all important chemical elements go through nutrient cycles?
a. The chemicals have to be stored somewhere.
b. They have to be recycled or there will not be any left for living things.
c. There would be no weather if carbon and nitrogen didn’t return to the air.
d. All chemicals are dangerous for living things.
16. Which of these is produced by plants during photosynthesis?
a. sunlight (solar energy)
b. carbon dioxide
c. carbohydrates (food energy)
d. nitrates
17. What human activity increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
a. farming / b. tree plantingc. burning fossil fuels / d. photosynthesis
18. Why did the levels of carbon dioxide in air decrease during the Carboniferous period?
a. There was more cellular respiration.
b. There were more forest fires.
c. The carbon was stored underground as coal, oil or gas.
d. The carbon was released by burning coal, oil and gas.
19. Why does burning fossil fuels increase carbon dioxide in the air?
a. It takes carbon from living things and puts it back into the air.
b. It takes carbon from the soil and puts it back into the air.
c. It takes carbon from the oceans and puts it back into the air.
d. It takes carbon that was stored underground and puts it back into the air.
20. How does carbon dioxide in the air affect climate?
a. It increases the Greenhouse effect and warms the surface of Earth.
b. It increases the Greenhouse effect and cools the surface of Earth.
c. It decreases the Greenhouse effect and warms the surface of Earth.
d. It decreases the Greenhouse effect and cools the surface of Earth.
21. What human activity makes much more nitrogen available to living things in the environment?
a. burning fossil fuels
b. producing and using chemical fertilizer
c. organic farming
d. cutting down trees
22. What human health problem is related to nitrates in our drinking water?
a. asthma
b. Blue Baby syndrome (blood can’t carry enough oxygen)
c. the Greenhouse Effect
d. heart disease
23. What is BOD?
a. Biological Organic Damage
b. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
c. Body Odor Deodorant
d. Branching Out Diversity
24. What problem occurs in lakes and ponds with too many nutrients?
a. climate change / b. denitrificationc. eutrophication / d. greenhouse effect
25. What aquatic plant grows quickly during eutrophication?
a. algae b. kelp
c. sea urchins d. Prairie Lupins
26. What nutrients remain in sewage after it is treated?
a. Mainly carbon and oxygen
b. Mainly carbon and nitrogen
c. Mainly nitrogen and phosphorus
d. Mainly phosphorus and oxygen
27. What is an example of biodiversity?
a. a field of corn plants b. a city street
c. a forest with many different kinds of living things d. an acidified lake
28. What is an example of monoculture?
a. a field of corn plants b. a city street
c. a forest with many different kinds of living things d. an acidified lake
29. What is an example of asustainable activity?
a. clear cutting forests
b. pollution
c. using lots of energy by burning fossil fuels
d. organic farming
30. What layer of soil contains the most organic material?
a. the A horizon b. the B horizon
c. the C horizon d. the bedrock
31. What plant mainly grows in peat bogs?
a. algae b. kelp
c. sphagnum moss d. trees
32. How do peat bogs affect the carbon cycle?
a. They increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
b. They increase carbon dioxide in rivers.
c. They filter carbon out of water.
d. They store carbon in plant material for long periods of time.
33. How long does it take for bogs to produce peat?
a. About a year or two.
b. About five years.
c. About 10 years.
d. Hundreds of years.
34. Match the definition to the correct term. Write the correct LETTER in the blank.
A. the movement of chemicals through living and non-living parts of the environment / ____ sustainable developmentB. a process in all living things that uses oxygen to produce energy / ____ cellular respiration
C. a process in producers that uses water, sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce food energy / ____ eutrophication
D. a process in bacteria that takes nitrogen gas from air and creates nitrates that plants use / ____ nutrient cycles
E. a human activity that can continue for a long time without harming the environment / ____ nitrogen fixation
F. a process that affects life in lakes and ponds when fertilizer or sewage gets into runoff water / ____ photosynthesis
PartB Answer each question in full sentences
35. Explain the difference between a pyramid of numbers and a pyramid of biomass.
36. Explain why only about 10% of food energy can be stored in each trophic level.
37. What are the three steps in primary sewage treatment?
38. What problem comes from releasing sewage into waterways?
39. What are two reasons farmers should not drain wetlands like prairie potholes?
40. What types of ecosystems have a lot of biodiversity?
41. What are two reasons why wetlands are disappearing?
42. What are two ways that peat bogs are different from wetlands in warmer climates?
43. How do detritivores improve soil?
44. What three factors affect the location of farms and people?
45. List the three main components of soil.
46. How does flooding affect soil?
47. What are two main differences between organic farming and industrial farming?
48. What conditions are needed for a peat bog to form?