Latin I
Review Sheet- Chapters 1-4
August 27, 2008
The test will cover chapters 1-4 of the Ecce Romani I textbook. The material covered will include the following items:
§ Feminine singular & plural subject forms
§ Feminine singular direct object forms
§ Masculine singular & plural subject forms
§ Masculine singular direct object forms
§ 3rd person singular & plural verbs forms
§ Adjective / noun agreement
§ Chapter 1-4 Vocabulary
Nouns
Nouns in Latin are divided into groups according to their gender. The nouns we’ve seen in Latin are either masculine or feminine (there are also neuter nouns, but we’ll see those later). Masculine nouns have a singular subject form in either –us or –r. The feminine nouns we’ve seen have a singular subject form ending in –a. Plural masculine forms end in –i, while plural feminine forms end in –ae.
Singular / PluralMasculine
Feminine / -us / -r
-a / -i
-ae
Latin nouns often have different forms when they are used as direct objects. The singular direct object forms end in –um for masculine nouns and –am for feminine nouns. There is also a noun group that ends in –em. This group is made up of both masculine and feminine nouns. We will discuss this group more later.
Masculine / Feminine / Masc. / Fem.Direct Object / -um / -am / -em
Subject, Predicate Nominative, or Direct Object?
The subject is the noun that performs the action of the verb. A predicate nominative is an adjective or noun in the predicate that renames or describes the subject of the sentence. A direct object is a noun in the predicate that receives the action of the verb. Look at the following sentences and examine the function of each noun:
Marcus est puer Romanus. = Marcus is a Roman boy.
S PN
Pueri servum in agro videt. = The boys see the slave in the field.
S DO
Verbs
Verbs in Latin change their endings to accommodate their subjects. Verbs are divided into three categories called “persons”, but so far you’ve only seen 3rd person verbs.
In the 3rd person, singular verbs end in –t, while plural verbs end in –nt.
Singular / Plural3rd Person / -t / -nt
Subject / Verb Agreement
Singular subjects take singular verbs. Plural subjects (or multiple singular subjects) take plural verbs. Look at the following example sentences:
Puella sub arbore sedet. = The girl sits under the tree. (singular subject & verb)
Servi in agris laborant. = The servants work in the field. (plural subject & verb)
Marcus et Sextus sunt amici. = Marcus & Sextus are friends. (multiple singular
subjects & plural verb)
Articles
Latin has no articles. Therefore in your translation make sure you include words like “a”, “an”, or “the” wherever they will aid in the meaning of the sentence:
puer = a boy, the boy, or boy vox = a voice, the voice, or voice
Adjectives
Adjective forms must agree with their nouns. Unlike English, in Latin adjectives are also pluralized when the noun is made plural. Adjectives will also change their form depending on whether the nounthat they modify in masculine or feminine.
puella Romana = Roman girl vir Romanus = Roman man
puellae Romanae = Roman girls viri Romani = Roman men
Vocabulary
Try not to confuse the following vocabulary items:
etest
sed
sedet / = and
= he/she is
= but
= he/she sits / sub
subito
semper
saepe / = under
= suddenly
= always
= often / vox
vexat
amat
ambulat / = voice
= he/she annoys
= he/she likes
= he/she walks