ROUND 13
Related Tossup/Bonus
1. The list of them sometimes includes Balarama, and one of them saves Prahlada from his father. Another, named Vamana, covers the three worlds with three steps, while another told Manu of an impending flood and dragged a large boat to safety. Matsya, the boar Varaha, and the white horse-riding Kalki are members of this group along with one who slew Ravana and rescued Sita. For 10 points, name these earthbound forms of the Hindu deity who is often considered the “preserver” god.
ANSWER: avatars of Vishnu [prompt on equivalents that do not use the word avatar]
<Potru>
Bonus: In this work, Duryodhana, leader of the Kauravas, declares war on Yudhishthira and the Pandavas, dragging Drona and Bhishma into the conflict. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Hindu epic, which takes place mainly in Hastinapura and on a battlefield.
ANSWER: the Mahabharata
[10] The third of the Pandava brothers, this incredible archer wins their mutual wife Draupadi and is addressed in the Bhagavad-Gita.
ANSWER: Arjuna
<Potru>
2. In this opera, the hero consoles his mother with “Ai nostri monti.” In Act IV, a female lead sings of roseate wings and hears a choir chanting the Miserere. The death of Azucena’s mother, who had sacrificed her own son to save Count di Luna’s brother, is related in “Stride la vampa,” before Leonora’s attempt to free Manrico results in the pair dying. For 10 points, name this opera in which the waking gypsies sing the Anvil Chorus, a Giuseppe Verdi work about a troubadour.
ANSWER: Il trovatore [accept The Troubadour before it is read]
<Luo>
Bonus: Who says you need to feature a soprano in an opera? Identify these operas that do not emphasize the really high notes, for 10 points each.
[10] A mezzo-soprano plays the Philistine temptress who shears the protagonist’s locks in this work, Camille Saint-Saëns’s only opera.
ANSWER: Samson et Délila [or Samson and Delilah]
[10] The only soprano parts in this sprawling five-hour Berlioz opera are the children of Priam and Aeneas. The major female roles, Cassandra and Dido, are sung by mezzos.
ANSWER: Les Troyens [or The Trojans]
<Ismail>
3. Its military government was disbanded by the Foraker Act in 1900. Its first settlement was displaced by Taino peoples and was founded in 1508 at Caparra,. It was the target of a 1595 invasion by Francis Drake, who tried to claim it for England. A 1950 Commonwealth Bill led nationalists from here to attempt the assassination of Harry Truman. For 10 points, name this island populated by U.S. citizens who cannot vote in Presidential elections, often the subject of discussions as the potential fifty-first state.
ANSWER: Puerto Rico
<Berdichevsky>
Bonus: Answer the following about the Mexican-American war for 10 points per part.
[10] James K. Polk sent this diplomat to negotiate for New Mexico and California in 1845, but he was ignored. He was later arrested aboard the Trent with James Mason.
ANSWER: John Slidell
[10] This February 1847 battle, a victory for Taylor, turned the Mexican forces back southward, though the Mexicans left their campfires burning to delay Taylor’s pursuit.
ANSWER: Battle of Buena Vista [or Battle of Angostura]
<Luo>
4. He developed poetry to read at meetings of Group 47 and published those poems as his first volume of work, Advantages of Wind-Fowl. Novels such as The Call of the Toad and The Flounder followed his story about the sleepwalking Roswitha Raguna, scarred Herbert Truczinski, and dwarf-by-choice Oskar Matzerath. For 10 points, name this German author whose Dog Years and Cat and Mouse form the Danzig trilogy, along with The Tin Drum.
ANSWER: Günter Grass
<Bykowski>
Bonus: Name these works by Franz Kafka for 10 points each:
[10] This Kafka novel concerns K, who is summoned to the title location but is unable to gain admittance. Other characters include Frieda and Barnabas.
ANSWER: The Castle [or Das Schloss]
[10] In this novel, Karl Rossman arrives in the title place and becomes an elevator operator at the Hotel Occidental.
ANSWER: Amerika
<Mitchell>
5. A reagent often employed to destroy them is cyanogen bromide, but a more selective elimination of them can be achieved by the Edman Degradation, which uses PITC to destroy only the terminal one. They are planar because of the resonance interaction between a lone pair of electrons and a carbonyl group, which produces a certain rigidity during folding processes. They usually exist in a trans configuration, with an important exception to this rule being proline. For 10 points, name this interaction between an acid group of one molecule and an N-group of another, a type of bond that links amino acids.
ANSWER: peptide bond [prompt on “amino acids” etc.]
<Westbrook>
Bonus: Protein structure revolves around protomeric interactions. For 10 points each:
[10] Two polypeptides are often joined by this type of bond formed from oxidation of two cysteine molecules, releasing two hydrogens.
ANSWER: disulfide bond
[10] Proteins are often arranged in this antiparallel or parallel sheet-like structure in which hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent peptide chains.
ANSWER: beta (pleated) sheet
<Luo>
6. It is the number of “Eccentrics of Yangzhou” in the name of a Chinese art movement, and the number of saints in the name of the war between Florence and Pope Gregory XI that ended the Avignon papacy. It is also the number of “immortals” in Daoist belief, the number of modes in medieval music theory, and another name for the Ashcan School that included George Bellows and Robert Henri. For 10 points, what is this number, which Kosel and Lewis found is the number of electrons in the outer shell of a noble gas atom?
ANSWER: eight
<Weiner>
Bonus: It is the snappy alternate name for the Battle of Lake Peipus. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this 1242 victory for Alexander Nevsky over the Teutonic Knights sent by Pope Gregory IX.
ANSWER: Massacre on Ice
[10] Eldridge Cleaver wrote this memoir about American racism that denounces the “omnipotent administrators” and accuses James Baldwin of hating black people.
ANSWER: Soul on Ice
<Mitchell>
7. The victorious commander set out from Fort William and benefited from the rain which made the opposition’s fifty-three French artillery pieces ineffective. The smaller force hid behind a hill near the Hooghli River and was aided by an agreement with Mir Jaffar, who remained neutral. Thus, the Nawab of Bengal had no reinforcements and Robert Clive’s forces were victorious. For 10 points, identify this June 1757 battle that secured British dominance in India.
ANSWER: Battle of Plassey
<Berdichevsky>
Bonus: Answer the following about Britain’s relations with India, for 10 points per part.
[10] John Holwell claimed that 126 Europeans died when placed here after the nawab Siraj-ud-Dawlah forced the surrender of Holwell’s garrison.
ANSWER: Black Hole of Calcutta
[10] The Supreme Allied Commander of Southeast Asia during World War II, he oversaw the transfer of power from Britain to India and Pakistan as the last viceroy.
ANSWER: Louis Mountbatten
<Douglass>
8. Along with Edmund Phelps, he argued that real wages will adjust to provide an equilibrium between the supply and demand for labor, leading to a “natural rate” of unemployment. He coined the phrase “Miracle of Chile” in reference to the economic policies of Augusto Pinochet, whom he notoriously advised. He also wrote books based on his PBS show and on the role of capitalism in society, the latter being Capitalism and Freedom. For 10 points, name this Chicago school economist, an advocate of monetarism.
ANSWER: Milton Friedman
<Kwartler>
Bonus: The percent of income is plotted on the y axis, while the percent of households is plotted on the x. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this diagram, which displays the income distribution of a given society.
ANSWER: Lorenz curve
[10] The area between the actual Lorenz curve and the 45 degree line is known as this quantity, which purports to be a numerical measure of income inequality.
ANSWER: Gini coefficient [accept equivalents containing the word “Gini”]
<Kwartler>
9. One of his works centers on Adam Salton’s trip to Mercia and meeting with the sinister Lady March, while his first book was a collection of fairy tales, Under the Sunset. His The Lair of the White Worm and The Jewel of the 7 Stars turn on supernatural encounters, much like his most popular work, which features the use of a crucifix to draw a circle in the snow. For 10 points identify this author who created the characters Arthur Holmwood, Lucy Westenra, Mina Harker, and Van Helsing in the novel Dracula.
ANSWER: Abraham “Bram” Stoker
<Berdichevsky>
Bonus: As a widow, she rejected a marriage proposal from Washington Irving. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author of The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck, Lodore, and The Last Man, who also wrote a novel in which Justine Moritz is falsely accused of murder.
ANSWER: Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley [accept Mary Godwin]
[10] This Mary Shelley novel features the title character’s destruction of a second creature in the Orkneys and the murders of Clerval and William.
ANSWER: Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus
<Luo>
10. The protein presenilin is located primarily in it, and filamentous material is associated with the center of each of its units. Complex glycosylation of molecules occurs within it by means of sugar transferases that face its lumen, and it actually breaks up and disappears at the onset of mitosis. Generally divided into cis, medial, and trans faces, the last of which releases clathrin-coated vesicles, it consists of a stack of five to eight flattened cisternae. For 10 points, name this organelle that processes proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is named for its Italian discoverer.
ANSWER: Golgi apparatus
<Potru>
Bonus: Name these cellular organelles for 10 points each.
[10] In addition to helping digest certain lipids, these microbodies contain oxidase enzymes using molecular oxygen to oxidize certain organic molecules.
ANSWER: peroxisome
[10] These acidic organelles contain digestive hydrolase enzymes used to break down nucleic acids, proteins and polysaccharides.
ANSWER: lysosome
<Potru>
Tossups
1. It began as an accompaniment to the Giacomo di Diamano altarpiece, but after a legal dispute, it was repossessed by Ambrogio de Predis. Plants present in this work include cymbalaria and aquilega, which symbolize virtue and the Holy Spirit. The original version shows a feminine representation of the angel Uriel, who points to the title figure and holds the infant John the Baptist, at whom the infant Jesus is staring intently. For 10 points, name this painting set in a cave, by Leonardo da Vinci.
ANSWER: Virgin of the Rocks [or Madonna of the Rocks]
<Kwartler>
2. By the end of this period, reptiles greatly outnumbered amphibians. Bony fishes radiated and the largest insects ever found proliferated. About 90 percent of all species became extinct at the end of this period, although there were no meteorite collisions and only some volcanic activity in Siberia. Formation of large glaciers caused the sea level to drop, drying out shallow sea habitats. For 10 points, name this geological period lasting from 290 to 245 million years ago, coming after the Carboniferous, the last period of the Paleozoic era.
ANSWER: Permian
<Luo>
3. This man was forced to commit suicide after Akechi’s army trapped him at Honnoji. After launching a surprise attack on the army of Imagawa, this man won an early victory at the battle of Okehazama. He established his power base at Gifu, and he went on to lead a campaign on behalf of Ashikaga Yoshiaki, though he later turned on the Ashikaga and supported another clan. For 10 points, name this Japanese daimyo and mentor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who unified much of his country before dying in 1582.
ANSWER: Oda Nobunaga
<Yaphe>
4. The last section of this man’s major poem describes something “Everpresent,” whispering “antiphonal in azure swing.” He considers the clipper ships Rainbow and the Leander in “Cutty Sark” and evokes Pocahontas in “Powhatan’s Daughter.” He also alludes to Walt Whitman, who wrote about crossing a ferry underneath the same Brooklyn landmark that this poet wrote about. For 10 points, name this author who used a stipend from Otto Kahn to write The Bridge.
ANSWER: Harold Hart Crane
<Berdichevsky>
5. They were invented during the war between Acrisius and Proteus. Ovid says that Pallantias has one which is red at morning and night but white at midday, and Tatius and the Sabines buried Tarpeia under these. One of them shows a dance, a herd of cattle, a field being plowed, two cities, and the sky surrounded by Oceanus. That one was made by Hephaestus for Achilles. For 10 points, what are these objects, of which a bronze example was polished by Perseus in order to reflect the image of Medusa?
ANSWER: shields
<Weiner>
6. He posited that light is a periodic disturbance of a fine-grained media in his paper “Notes on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light.” His phenomena are seen as ringing in Fourier series near discontinuities, and his paradox deals with an apparent increase in entropy when two identical samples of gas are mixed. His phase rule describes the number of degrees of freedom in a system, but he is most famous for a function that governs the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. For 10 points, name this man whose namesake free energy is defined as H minus TS.
ANSWER: Josiah Gibbs
<Keller>
7. During a montage in this movie, a model Ferris wheel comes to a stop just before a bomb goes off in a scene that can be read as either murder or suicide. Based on a book by George Jonas, it features as Steve the newest James Bond, actor Daniel Craig. Also appearing are Geoffrey Rush, Ciaran Hinds, and Eric Bana, who plays the central role of Avner and is given a list of eleven names. For 10 points, name this 2005 film set after the murders of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympics, directed by Steven Spielberg.
ANSWER: Munich
<Yaphe>
8. Wars named for this group were inflamed by rivalry between the brothers Wenceslas the Durnkard and Sigismund. They split into the Utraquists and Taborites and became notable for using chained morningstars and wagon-train artillery under the command of Jan Tzizka and Prokop the Great. The battle of Lipany won the crusade against them called by Martin V and secured the Catholic presence in Bohemia. For 10 points, name this group that followed a certain heretic burned at the Council of Constance in 1415.
ANSWER: Hussites
<Kendall>
Bonuses
Arts: Its traditional form requires two subject groups, a transition section, and a codetta, which present the main themes to be developed in the remainder of the movement. For 15 points, this is what obligatory first section of a movement in sonata form?
ANSWER: exposition