Quoins Vineyard Trees and Plants
Updated 2011
3
3
Apart from the vines, the other trees and plants in the vineyard have been planted as a hobby and mainly for family use. They need to be low maintenance and the fruit trees were chosen partly for their disease resistance. Everything planted is useful, edible, or attractive to wildlife. We are keen to attract wildlife, not just for its own sake but as part of the natural balanced system of pest control essential for organic farming. The hedges and pond are particularly important, and the piles of wood and prunings provide useful shelter and habitat.
Wild flowers and other plants
Different grass mixes, including some wildflowers, were sown. Wildflowers (including those self-seeded) include White Clover, Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Beaked Hawksbeard, Bristly Oxtongue, Hedgerow Cranesbill, Self-heal, Ragwort, Common Cat’s-ear, Bird’s-foot Trefoil and some willow-herbs. There are a few plants of the rare Bath Asparagus (said to have been brought to Britain by the Romans along with their vine cuttings) at the entrance and all along the hedge. There is Water Plantain and Yellow Flag in the pond, which usually dries up from July-September.
3
3
LIST OF TREES AND PLANTS
APPLES mostly planted Feb 2004. All on MM106 rootstock.
1. Apple Winston. Dec-Feb/March. 1920. Cox’s Orange Pippin x Worcester Pearmain.
2. Apple Adams Pearmain. Dec-Feb/March. 1862. Norfolk.
3. Apple Rubinette. October-November. 1966. Cox’s Orange Pippin x Golden Delicious.
4. Apple Laxtons Epicure. Aug-Sept. 1909. Bedfordshire. Wealthy x Cox’s Orange Pippin. Low vigour.
5. Apple Rosemary Russet. Dec-Feb/March. 1831.
6. Apple Cornish Aromatic. Dec-Feb. 1813. Vigorous, disease resistant, prefers wet climate.
7. Apple Katy. Sept-October. 1947. James Grieve x Worcester Pearmain. Good for juice as well as eating. Vigorous, good pollinator.
8. Apple Sanspareil. Dec- March/later. 1880.
9. Apple Christmas Pearmain. Nov.-Jan. 1893.
10. Apple Ashton Brown Jersey. Nov-Jan. Vintage cider, juice.
11. Apple Golden Harvey. Dec-Feb/March. Early 17th century. Hereford? Juice & cider. Golden, aromatic, intense, rich flavour.
12. Crab apple. Malus Hupehensis.
CHERRIES mainly planted 2003-04.
13. Cherry Stella. Late July. Red. Self fertile. Reliable cropper. 1964. Lambert x JI 2420.Colt rootstock.
14. Cherry Nabella. Closely related to Morello , sour cherry.
15. Cherry Cherokee Lapins. Early August. Dark red. Canadian. 1965. Van x Stella.
16. Cherry Vega. Late July. White (less attractive to birds). Canadian. (Winter 2006).
PEARS mainly planted 2003-04
17. Pear Beurre Hardy. Oct-Nov. 1820. Vigorous. Hardy. Planted 2004. Quince rootstock.
18. Pear Jargonelle. Summer. 1600. Heavy cropping, tip bearer.
19. Pear Fondante d’Automne. Sept.-Oct. 1825. Small tree, spreading, reliable cropper.
20. Pear Nouveau Poitou. Oct-Nov. 1843.
21. Pear Beurre Alexandre Lucas. Dec- Jan
22. Pear Gorham. Sept.-Oct. 1910. Bartlett x Josephine de Malines.
23. Asian pear. Shinseiki. Quince C rootstock. Juicy, crisp, hangs well on tree. Heavy cropping. Pick Sept. Eat Sept –Oct.
24. Asian Pear Shinko. Quince A rootstock. Late season.
25. Sorbus x pyrus Shipova. Rowan-pear cross. Red plum-like fruits. Pollinate with late pear. (Winter 08 -09).
PLUMS most on Julien A rootstock, planted 2004.
26. Cambridge Gage. Late August. 1927.
27. Oullins Gage. Late August. Golden. 1860. Vigorous, sweet.
28. Gage Early Transparent. Mid August. Gage. 1866.
29. Plum Opal. July-early August. Purple. 1925. Oullins gage x Early Favourite. Reliable cropper.
30. Gage Coe’s Golden Drop. Late Sept.-Oct. Yellow. 1700s. Green gage x White Magnum Bonum.
31. Plum Kirke’s Blue. Early-mid Sept. Red.
32. Damson Shropshire Prune. Sept. 1870
33. Cherry Plum Golden Sphere. Fruit Aug. Will hang to Oct. (Winter 07-08)
34. Cherry Plum Gipsy. St Julien A rootstock. Fruits Aug. Will hang to Oct.
35. Langley Bullace
NUTS
36. Hazelnut Nottingham Cob (aka Pearsons Prolific). Early
37. Hazelnut Cosford Cob. Mid
38. Hazelnut Lamberts Filbert
39. Hazelnut Purple Filbert.
40. Hazelnut Filbert Ennis Bush. (Winter2010-11). Mid-late.
41. Hazelnut Filbert Halls Giant. (Winter2010-11). Mid-late.
42. Chestnut Marigoule. Marron. Early. Japanese –European hybrid.
43. Chestnut Bouche de Belizac. Marron (single nut). Early. Hybrid Japanese-European cross, made in France. Resistant to ink disease and heavier cropping. (Winter 05-06).
44. Chestnut Marlhac. Marron. Mid season. Japanese –European hybrid.
45. Chestnut Rousse de Naye. Chataigne (multiple nuts). Very early. Good pollinator.
46. Walnut Ronde de Montignac. Traditional French.
47. Walnut Fernette. New French.
48. Walnut Plovdivski. Bulgarian.
49. Walnut Broadview. Canadian.
50. Pinus pinea. Stone pine. Main source of pine nuts. To 50’. Fruit after 15 years.
OTHER
51. Amelanchier laevis Ballerina. Juneberry. (Winter 08-09)
52. Berberis darwinii. Barberry. Midsummer. Acid, lemony, can eat raw, cooked or in preserves, but lots of seeds.
53. Blue Bean. Decaisnea fargesii. Metallic blue seed pods, with edible pulp within. Western China. Jan 05.
54. Chinese Dogwood. Cornus kousa chinensis. Small, sweet fruits. Young leaves also edible.
55. Chokeberry. Aronia Melanocarpa. Nero. Dec. 08.
56. Cornelian cherry. Cornus mas. Late summer. Cherry-like fruit eaten raw, cooked or dried, with plum-like flavour. Tolerates deep shade, but fruits best in sun. From central/south Europe.
57. Cornelian Cherry Jolico. Grafted. Larger fruit, heavy cropping.
58. Edible Rowan. Sorbus aucuparia edulis. Larger berries for rowan jelly, slightly tart, good with game.
59. Eleagnus ebbingei Limelight. Sun or shade. Astringent until fully ripe. To 16’. Fruit ripen April-May. (Winter 07-08).
60. Elder Samnor. (x2). Danish cultivar, selected for large berries, heavy crop. Jan 05
61. Elder Bradet (x2). Eastern European cultivar. Jan 05
62. Goji berry.
63. Gooseberries: Annelli (red, late), Hino Yellow (mid), Pax (red, early). All resistant to American gooseberry mildew.
64. Hawthorn. Crataegus schraderiana. End of Sept.on. Eat raw.
65. Hibiscus syriacus. Edible flowers, attractive in salads
66. Highbush Cranberry. Viburnum trilobum Phillips. Related to guelder rose rather than cranberries. Red fruits make a jelly similar to rowan.
67. Judas tree. Cercis siliquastrum. Edible blossoms, use in salad. Nitrogen fixing. Slightly tender, needs shelter. (Winter 04-05).
68. Lonicera caerulea edulis. Blue honeysuckle.
69. Lonicera caerulea Kamchatka Blue Velvet. Blue honeysuckle. Planted Dec 07. To 5’. Like blueberries.
70. Medlar Nottingham. Mespilus germanica. Fruit needs to be bletted - harvest late, after frost, then store to state of “incipient decay”. Eat raw or make into jelly etc.
71. Quince Vranja.
72. Raspberry Fallgold; autumn. Yellow.
73. Sea Buckthorn. Hippophae rhamnoides. Frugna (female -2), Romeo (male-1). Grown commercially for juice, high in vitamins A and C. Needs sweetening. Nitrogen fixing.
74. Sorbocrataegus Ivans Belle. Mountain ash-hawthorn cross. Fruits like small cherries: good for juice, preserves, sauces.
FIREWOOD, WILDLIFE, OTHER USES
75. Small leaved lime. Tilia cordata. Young leaves edible in salads. Flowers for herb tea. Best coppiced.
76. Poplar. The young seedlings are a hybrid poplar (Gaver Sett), which grow especially fast and are resistant to disease.
77. Ash. Fraxinus excelsior.
78. Silver Birch. Betula pendula.
79. Field maple. Acer campestre
80. St Lucia cherry. Prunus mahaleb
81. Sweet chestnut. Castanea sativa. These are not named varieties, since nut production is not a priority.
82. Snowy mespilus. Amelanchier lamarckii.
83. Wild service tree. Sorbus torminalis.
84. Willow. Salix Bowles hybrid.
85. Umbrella bamboo. Fargesia murielae.
86. Dog roses (Rosa canina). Traditionally planted at the end of vine rows to give warning of mildew.
3
HEDGES mainly planted winter 2003, chosen for their wildlife value.
Shrubs: 40-50 plants each of most of the following.
87. Hawthorn. 30% 300 plants.
88. Blackthorn (sloes) 30% 300 plants.
89. Purging buckthorn (rhamnus cathartica)
90. Common hazel
91. Wild privet (ligustrum vulgare),
92. Dogwood (cornus sanguinea),
93. Spindle (euonymus europea)
94. Ramanas rose
95. Wayfaring tree (viburnum lantana)
96. Field maple (acer campestre)
97. Guelder rose (viburnum opulus)
98. Rosa rubiginosa.
Trees
99. Italian alder (alnus cordata). Good for windbreaks, nitrogen fixing.
100. Whitebeam (sorbus aria)
101. Wild cherry (prunus avium)
102. Sorbus domestica (service tree)
103. Oak
104. Holly
105. Bird cherry (prunus padus),
106. Pussy willow (salix caprea).
THE ONES THAT DIDN’T MAKE IT
Olives (2 varieties), Poncirus trifoliata, mulberry, American elder. We will try the mulberry and elder again.
3