Psych 260 Ch 9 Review
1. Briefly describe the nature versus nurture debate. What position do most developmental psychologists take on this debate?
2. Describe three approaches that developmental psychologists use to research human development. Identify any weaknesses these approaches have.
3. Briefly describe the rooting, sucking, and startle reflexes. Why are they adaptive responses to environmental stimuli?
4. Briefly describe the four major attachment styles as measured by the Ainsworth strange situation.
5. What are authoritative parents, and why is this parenting style related to positive outcomes in children?
6. Describe the three stages in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
7. _____ are siblings who perfectly match each other's genetic information.
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8. _____ compares developmental differences among people of different age groups.
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9. Psychologists who study people from different age groups at different times across their lives rely on _____.
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10. Small units within a chromosome that transmit genetic information are called _____.
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11. A(n) _____ is a one-celled entity that is the immediate result of sperm uniting with an egg.
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12. A(n) _____ is a period of time during which specific events have the strongest influence on development.
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13. The normal pregnancy lasts ___ weeks.
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14. When a mother consumes moderate to large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy, her offspring may suffer from _____.
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15. _____ are unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically when certain stimuli are present.
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16. The _____ often produces children who are unsociable, unfriendly, and relatively withdrawn.
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17. According to Piaget, the primary task of the _____ is to master object permanence.
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18. The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects is captured in the _____.
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19. _____ refers to the tendency for teenagers to be self-absorbed and to view the world only from their own point of view.
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20. A(n) _____ is a period of time when people's thinking focuses on the fact that they are not immortal, leading them to scrutinize their past accomplishments.
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21. Play is an important component of development. What are the benefits of playing with peers during childhood?
22. What is rite of passage? Does it exist in the American culture?
23. A research project in a large laboratory examines fifty subjects on the same day. The subjects are asked to complete a pencil and paper test while measurements of blood pressure and heart rate are taken. Subjects' ages range from 14 to 70. This is an example of a _______________ study.
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24. The moment the male's sperm penetrates the female's egg cell, _______________ occurs.
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25. The color of your hair, the pigment of your skin, and your facial configuration are determined by _______________.
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26. A fertilized egg is called a _______________.
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27. The unborn child is particularly vulnerable to rubella or German measles during the embryonic period. This could be viewed as a _______________ for such exposure.
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28. Radiation, drugs, and alcohol can have significant, adverse effects on the developing fetus. Such harmful environmental agents are called _______________.
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29. _______________ parents set definite, clear limits on a child's behavior and communicate effectively with the child.
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30. The work of Jean Piaget focused on _______________ development.
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31. Piagetian theory of cognitive development emphasizes _______________ change while information processing theory focuses on _______________ change.
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