Periodic Table Worksheet-Use the Periodic Table to Complete the Chart Below

Periodic Table Worksheet-Use the periodic table to complete the chart below.

Chemical Name / Symbol / Atomic
Number / Mass
Number / # of
Protons / # of
Electrons / # of
Neutrons
Oxygen / 8 / 8
C / 6 / 6
Zn / 30
7 / 14
11
19
Aluminum
Copper / 29
S
Ca
Cl / 35
12
26 / 30
Iodine / 127

1. Which elements in the above table will lose electrons to become stable and therefore become positively charged? Answer is Zinc, Sodium, Iron, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.

2. What do you think the acronym CHNOPS stands for?

3. Which elements in the above table will share electrons with other atoms to become stable? Sharing electrons will result in a covalent bond. Answer Oxygen, Iodine, ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Periodic Table Worksheet-Use the periodic table to complete the chart below.

Unit 2-Chemistry of Life

The following is a review of material that you should already know from your middle school or 9th grade science class. If you do not know this material already, you must spend some time to learn it!

· Protons-positively charged. Neutrons-no charge. Electrons-negatively charged.

· The outer electron level of an atom is called the valence shell.

· The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the # of electrons in its outer electron level (the valence shell).

· Atoms with the same # of valence electrons exhibit similar chemical behavior.

· The first electron level (shell) is FULL with 2 electrons.

· If the valence shell is NOT the 1st electron shell (if it is the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc electron shell), it is FULL with 8 electrons.

· Atoms bond with each other in order to try to FILL their valence shells.

· Atoms that share electrons form covalent bonds.

· Atomic number = # of protrons

· Mass number (or weight) = # of protons plus # of neutrons

· In a neutral atom (atom with no overall charge), the # of protons is equal to # of electrons

· #of neutrons= Mass # minus Atomic number

· If atom has more protons than electrons, it is no longer a neutral atom. It is a positively charged ion (cation).

· If atom has fewer protons than electrons, it is no longer a neutral atom. It is a negatively charged ion (anion).

· Rows in periodic table go horizontally and are called PERIODS.

· Columns in periodic table go vertically and are called GROUPS or FAMILIES.

· Elements that are in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

· Positively charged ions and negatively charged ions attract each other, forming ionic bonds.

Modeling Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes

Modeling Atoms p=proton, e- =electron, n=neutron

1. Is hydrogen a metal? ______

On the lines below, fill in required information about the hydrogen atom you modeled. Next, study the example of how to diagram

this atom.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

2. Diagram the helium atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

3. Diagram the lithium atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

4. Diagram the beryllium atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

a. What is the major difference between the beryllium atom and the hydrogen and lithium atoms?

b. Why does Be have different chemical properties than H and Li?

c. He is an extremely stable, nonreactive element. Why do you think it is so stable?

5. Diagram the boron atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

6. Diagram the carbon atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

Is the second e- level of the carbon atom filled up?

7. Diagram the nitrogen atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

8. Diagram the oxygen atom you modeled

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

Oxygen is one of the six elements that are very important in living things. Use your textbook to find the other five and list them. 1. Oxygen, 2.______, 3. ______, 4. ______, 5. ______, and 6. ______.

9. Diagram the fluorine atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

10. Diagram the neon atom you modeled.

Fill in the required information below.

# of protons=

# of neutrons=

# of electrons=

How many valence e- ?

Neon is an extremely stable, inert (nonreactive) element. Ne does NOT want to bond with other atoms because Ne has a FULL valence shell. The “noble gases” all have FULL valence shells and are all inert. List the 6 noble gases: 1) Neon, 2)______, 3)______, 4)______, 5)______, and 6)______.

11. All atoms other than the noble gases DO want to bond with other atoms. Atoms bond with each other to achieve a FULL valence shell.

a. How many valence e- does carbon have?

b. How many electrons does carbon need to share with other atoms in order to have a FULL valence shell? ______pairs of e-?

c. How many valence e- does oxygen have?

d. How many electrons does oxygen need to share with other atoms in order to have a FULL valence shell? ______pairs of e-?

e. How many valence e- does hydrogen have?

f. How many e- does hydrogen need to share with other atoms in order to have a FULL valence shell? ______pairs of e-? Remember the first electron level is hydrogen’s valence shell!

g. When electrons are shared between atoms, the chemical bond between the atoms is called a ______bond.

h. When atoms share 2 electrons (one pair), the bond is a ______covalent bond.

Example: H H = H2 =hydrogen gas (one single covalent bond)

Example: O = H2O =water (two single covalent bonds)

H H

i. When atoms share 2 pairs of e- a ______covalent bond is formed.

Example: O =C=O = CO2 = carbon dioxide

j. When atoms share 3 pairs of electrons a ______covalent bond is formed.

N N = N2 = nitrogen gas

k. Carbon only has 4 valence e-. Carbon needs 4 more e- to complete its valence shell. Therefore, carbon usually forms how many single covalent bonds with other atoms? ______

Example: