Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence
National
Scholastics
Championship
2005
Round 2
Valencia Community College
Orlando, FL
Related Tossup/Bonus
1. Paul Lauterbur won a share of the 2003 Nobel in Medicine for developing this technology. In many cases, it can show the arterial system without a contrast injection. The radio waves, while harmless, collide with hydrogen nuclei in water and lipids, producing electrical energy from a magnetic coil and allowing a computer to produce a map of tissue. For 10 points, give the name for this process of using alignment of magnetic moments to produce pictures.
ANSWER: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
<Potru>
Bonus: Name some things related to biological tests, for 10 points each.
[10] Used to find a sequence of DNA within a complex mixture, it places denatured DNA fragments on an agarose gel and then separates them by electrophoresis. The fragments are then used to imprint a membrane with bands and probes for detection.
ANSWER: Southern blot
[10] The Mantoux test is an intradermal test for infection with what bacterial disease?
ANSWER: tuberculosis [accept comedy consumtption option]
<Potru>
2. While other woodwinds move to the upper register at the second harmonic above the fundamentals, this one shifts at the third register via an “overblowing” process. A quirk seen in German players of this instrument is to retain the string for constructing the mouthpiece, while the rest of the world now uses a metallic ligature. The basset horn and the bass and contralto variants are common, but more standard is the soprano kind, pitched in A or more often B flat with seventeen keys and six tone holes. For 10 points, name this single-reeded cylindrical-pipe instrument.
ANSWER: clarinet
<Ismail>
Bonus: Identify these keyboard instruments for 10 points each.
[10] With plucked strings and a four-octave range, it was commonly used in the Baroque era as part of the continuo in instrumental and secular vocal music.
ANSWER: harpsichord
[10] Sounding an octave higher than written, this upright-piano-like instrument has mallets which strike tuning forks and is featured in the title of a Bartok orchestral work.
ANSWER celesta
<Ismail>
3. Her writings include The Spirit of Youth and City Streets and the 1922 work, Peace and Bread in Time of War. She brought the idea that she is most known for back to the United States after visiting Samuel Barnett in London. Along with Nicholas Murray Butler, she won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her efforts to help immigrants in Chicago. For 10 points, name this social worker that brought settlement houses to the United States by founding Hull House.
ANSWER: Jane Addams
<Connolly>
Bonus: Name these mayors of Chicago for 10 points each.
[10] This mayor from 1955 to 1976, who shares his first and last name with his son who has been mayor since 1989, controlled the Democratic “Organization,” which used patronage and boss-style politics to rule the city.
ANSWER: Richard Joseph Daley [prompt on Daley]
[10] In 1983, his anti-corruption platform defeated incumbent Jane Byrne in the Democratic primary and allowed him to overcome the racial campaign of his general-election opponent Bernard Epton.
ANSWER: Harold Washington
<Weiner>
4. He found that Francis Smith and John Ericcson beat him to the patent, by a few months, for a design for a screw propeller for steamboats. While attending Ohio Medical College, he adapted his cotton-sowing machine for food grains and invented a hemp-breaking machine and a steam plow. His namesake invention was intended to reduce war casualties by cutting the need for soldiers and used a hand crank and multiple rotating barrels. For 10 points, name this Civil War-era inventor of the first practical machine gun.
ANSWER: Richard Jordan Gatling
<Chuck>
Bonus: Give these military terms for 10 points each.
[10] This refers to accidental attacks by one’s own forces, often used to describe unintentional casualties.
ANSWER: friendly fire
[10] This is the specific area of land where airborne troops, equipment, and supplies are placed.
ANSWER: drop zone
<Chuck>
5. Neither the Boy nor the Child speak, hence contributing to the Mother’s torture throughout the work as she tries in vain to approach them. The Son has grown up in the country and is humiliated by the others, so he refuses to participate. The Stepdaughter seeks revenge on the Father, and in the end, the Manager tries to put it all together. For 10 points, such is the action of what absurdist award-winning play by Luigi Pirandello?
ANSWER: Six Characters in Search of an Author [or Sei Personaggi in Cerca D’autore]
<Bykowski>
Bonus: Italian artists may be well represented in many fields, but the literary canon is not one of them. Identify these authors who have achieved a degree of fame, for 10 points each:
[10] Born in 1304, he first became known for the Latin epic poem Africa. A vision of a woman named Laura inspired hundreds of poems, plus a form of sonnet named for him.
ANSWER: Francisco Petrarca or Petrarch
[10] A literary critic and novelist, he has drawn on his study of medieval aesthetics in both areas, writing works such as Opera Aperta, The Name of the Rose, and Foucault’s Pendulum.
ANSWER: Umberto Eco
<Ismail>
6. The Wien bridge measures it in terms of resistance and frequency, and the Schering bridge measures dissipation factor and this property. For an isolated conducting disk of radius R, it is given in CGS units by 2 times R divided by pi. The reciprocal of elastance, an example commonly seen in textbooks consists of parallel metal plates, for which it is proportional to the area and inversely proportional to the distance between them. For 10 points, what is this property of a circuit element which used to be called a condenser, which is the amount of charge said element can store divided by a potential difference?
ANSWER: capacitance
<Reece>
Bonus: Answer the following about electric circuits, for 10 points each.
[10] Suppose you have two 10-Ohm resistors, and you wish to have only a 5-Ohm resistance in your circuit. How should you arrange your resistors?
ANSWER: in parallel
[10] Suppose you have a circuit containing a resistor of resistance R and a capacitor of capacitance C. What is the time constant governing the decay of the charge on the capacitor?
ANSWER: RC (that’s R times C)
<Reece>
7. His first major work was a treatise on rhetoric called the Dialogus. He also produced a detailed study of Germanic peoples and received much correspondence from his contemporary, Pliny the Younger. Heavily critical of Domitian in his biography of his own father-in-law, Agricola, he focused on the rule of the Julio-Claudians like Tiberius and Nero in another historical volume. For 10 points, name this Roman historian and author of the Annals.
ANSWER: Cornelius Tacitus
<Frankel>
Bonus: Name these personalities who built things in the Roman forum for 10 points each.
[10] He personally designed Temple of Venus and Roma and executed Trajan’s architect Apollodorus of Damascus for criticizing it. Another edifice associated with him is the southern of two fortification lines on the English-Scottish border.
ANSWER: Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus
[10] The first monument encountered in the Forum when walking from the Colosseum is the Arch set up by this man, celebrating his role in the suppression of the Jewish revolt in 70 CE. He also completed the Colosseum, which was begun by his father Vespasian.
ANSWER: Titus Flavius Vespasianus
<Kendall>
8. At the request of John Reynolds at the Hampton Court Conference, forty-seven scholars worked in six groups to produce it. Its first edition was divided into the “he” and “she” editions due to a printer’s error, and it later had “Vinegar” and “Wicked” variants, the latter of which accidentally printed a commandment as “Thou shalt commit adultery.” For 10 points, identify this translation of the Bible, named for the British monarch who commissioned it.
ANSWER: King James Bible translation [prompt on Authorized Version]
<Borglum>
Bonus: Name the book in the Bible where you can find the following famous quotations for 10 points each:
[10] Attributed to Solomon, this book offers, “To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven.”
ANSWER: Ecclesiastes
[10] This epistolary book pontificates that “Love is patient, Love is kind/It does not envy, it does not boast.”
ANSWER: The First Epistle to the Corinthians [accept equivalents as long as “First” is indicated, but do not accept or prompt on just “Corinthians”]
<Southard>
9. Early works of this author often relied on the supernatural to avoid embarrassing topics, as a hero’s cheating is excused in “The Bridal” because he was lured by magic. William Crimsworth is the title character in The Professor, though this author is better known for writing about young women in works such as Shirley and Villette. She also wrote a novel in which the title character is sent to a school directed by Reverend Brocklehurst but eventually becomes governess to Adele Varens. For 10 points, name this sister of Branwell, Anne, and Emily and author of Jane Eyre.
ANSWER: Charlotte Brontë
<Wolpert>
Bonus: Name these characters from Jane Eyre, for 10 points each:
[10] This master of Thornfield employs Jane and courts her, despite the continued presence of his insane first wife Bertha. Eventually he and Jane are married.
ANSWER: Edward Rochester (either name acceptable)
[10] Jane’s closest friend at school, she represents a more tolerant form of religious evangelism and trusts that in God’s final judgment, all will receive justice.
ANSWER: Helen Burns (either name acceptable)
<Chuck>
10. The Boskin Commission’s recommendations for eliminating “substitution bias” from this value led to the introduction of a “geometric mean estimator” in 1998. The “constant-utility” correction to it accounts for changing preferences, but other problems in sampling include its targeting of middle-class families of four in urban areas and its thirty-percent reliance on the mutable food and energy sectors. In the past, such flaws have led the Bureau of Labor Statistics to as much as a 1.1 percent overstatement of the rate of inflation. For 10 points, what is this value that measures the cost of a fixed “basket of goods” in order to estimate price changes in the economy as a whole?
ANSWER: CPI [or consumer price index]
<Weiner>
Bonus: Given a curve used in economics, tell what two variables are related in order to plot it, for 5 points per answer.
[Moderator: Accept very obvious equivalents for any term below]
[5/5] the consumption function
ANSWER: household income and household expenditures
[5/5] the aggregate supply curve
ANSWER: total output [or total quantity supplied] and price level
<Weiner>
Category Quiz Tossups
1. While visiting Baruch Spinoza in 1676, this thinker composed the short work “Pacidus Philalethi,” in which he analyzed Zeno’s paradox of motion. His resolution involved the development of a system that he didn’t describe in print until 1684. In the meantime he conceived of a fundamental, metaphysical unit of existence he called the “monad.” For 10 points, name this German philosopher who, independently of Newton, derived a differential calculus.
ANSWER: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
<Borglum>
2. Current pros that came from this team include Tony Massenburg, Steve Blake, and Terence Morris. NIT champions in 1972, this program had to another thirty years to claim an NCAA title behind such players as Lonny Baxter and Juan Dixon. For 10 points, what is this college basketball team led by Gary Williams that plays in College Park?
ANSWER: University of Maryland Terrapins
<Phillips>
3. The origin of this empire lay in the battle of Kirina, in which Sumanguru Kante of the Soso Kingdom was defeated by its legendary first ruler, Sundiata Kieta. Home to the prolific trading city of Djanne, it cemented its status as a force in the Islamic world after a 1324 pilgrimage to Mecca by Mansa Musa. Replaced by the Songhai Empire after its fall was, for 10 points, what West African empire that also contained the city of Timbuktu?
ANSWER: Mali
<Frankel>
4. The attractor of the Hénon map provides one example, and the trajectory of a particle undergoing Brownian motion provides another. In general it refers to objects with Hausdorff dimension exceeding the topological dimension. Dividing an equilateral triangle into four smaller ones, removing the middle one, and repeating the process on the remaining ones, one obtains another example of them, the Sierpinski gasket. The Koch snowflake is another example of, for 10 points, what word coined by Benoit Mandelbrot for shapes exhibiting self-similarity?
ANSWER: fractal
<Reece>
5. The artist of this painting also created a preceding work showing a mob attacking Mamaluke soldiers on horseback. The action takes place at the hill of Principe Pio, where a man in yellow pants and a white shirt stands amidst a crowd of scared civilians and raises his arms in a Christ-like pose. The bodies and the pool of blood below hint at his fate as a row of soldiers on the right lines up their guns and prepares to fire into the crowd in, for 10 points, what Francisco Goya work depicting the executions of the titular day?
ANSWER: The Third of May, 1808
<Frankel>
6. In its later chapters, the poet tells of learning the story from Narada while raising the hero’s twin sons. Its hero slays Kumbha-Karna, Ravana, and countless other Rakshasas, with help from his brother Lakshman and the monkey warrior Hanuman. For 10 points, the hero described by Valmiki eventually reigns alongside Sita for ten thousand years in what Indian epic?
ANSWER: the Ramayana
<Dhuwalia>
7. One mystery involving these objects with extremely long life spans is the presence of metals, an observation that suggests these entities were not part of the first generation of stars, since low mass stars cannot form without metals. During their long lives, they are not massive enough to initiate helium fusion so they slowly burn hydrogen and contract for billions of years. For 10 points, name these low luminosity, main sequence stars with K or M spectral type, examples of which include Proxima Centauri and Bernard’s Star, that are larger than their white counterparts.
ANSWER: red dwarf
<Greenstein>
8. He entered politics as a district attorney from Dane County and, although he ran afoul of conservative Republicans like Philetus Sawyer, he was elected as governor in 1900. Many of his reforms were suggested by economist John R. Commons, such as “equalizing” the tax burden and establishing a direct primary system. Although he aspired to the presidency, his opposition to World War I sealed his political doom. For 10 points identify this Progressive politician who wished to expand the “laboratory of democracy” seen in his “Wisconsin Idea.”
ANSWER: Robert Marion La Follette
<Berdichevsky>
Boni
Arts: Subtitled “The Slave to Duty,” its protagonist is either twenty-one or five-and-a-quarter years old. An allegory on copyright infringement, the drama ends when the title characters are revealed as errant peers of the House of Lords. For 15 points, name this Gilbert and Sullivan work, the first to premiere in the United States.