PSY 241 Assignment for Tuesday, February 9, 2010
Please complete the following by filling in the blanks as you study sections 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 of chapter 4 in
the textbook.
1. An information-processing theorist would most likely conceptualize all built-in neural structures that
assist the operations of the mind as ___Mental hardware____________.
2. Information-processing theorists use the term ”mental ___________________‘ when referring to the
neural structures built into the mind.
3. Research by Rovee-Collier showed that, by ________________ of age, infants can recall past events
4. One-year-old Payton notices that when his dad, Archie, is watching football on television, he shouts at
the screen. The next time a football game come on, Payton shouts at the screen. Payton’s behavior best
exemplifies ____________________.
5. Improvements in infant memory that occur around 6 months after birth may be the result of development
in the _____________________________ area of the brain.
6. A memory for some significant life event is called a(n) __________________________ memory.
7. The _______________________ principle of counting states that there must be only one number name
for each item counted.
8. The ____________________ principle of counting states that number names must be counted in the
same sequence.
9. According to the _____________ principle of counting, the last number in a counting sequence differs
From previous numbers and denotes the total number of objects being counted.
10. Francesca does a pretty good job of completing spelling problems but does much better if she is given
direction by her teacher. The difference between what Francesca can do alone and with assistance is best
defined in terms of her____________________.
11. Jesse is trying to teach his younger brother James how to be a “fast gun.” Before they start, Jesse reminds
himself that James will need a lot of direction at first but it is critical to not give more help than is
needed. Jesse’s plan provides an excellent example of the strategy of ___________________.
12. While attempting to correctly answer this question, you notice that you are mentally commenting to
yourself about the level of difficulty of this question. Vygotsky would refer to these internal mental
remarks as ____________________.
13. The unique sounds that are combined to create spoken words are called ___________________.
14. Barry walks up to his 9-month-old son and says (very slowly and with major fluctuations in his voice’s
pitch and loudness), “Ohhhhhhhhh, are you Daddy's little baaaaaaaby?” Barry is illustrating
____________________.
15. When three-month-old Rosita says “ahhhhhhhh,” she is _____________________.
16. When six-month-old Gabby says “tahtahtah,” she is _______________________.
17. Linguistic intonation is best described as a variation in sound ____________________.
18. Infant Timmy has been babbling for several months. What is his next likely linguistic milestone?
___________________
19. As a typical 2-year-old, Webster would have a vocabulary of __________________________.
20. The processes in which children acquire new words to referents at such a speed that they cannot be
considering all meanings for the new word is called ___________________.
21. Macintosh is trying to get his grandson to learn the word “apple.” His attempt involves looking at an
apple on a tree, making sure that his grandson is also looking, and then saying “apple.” Macintosh’s
effort to teach his grandson is clearly based on ___________________.
22. Five-year-old Krusty hears the sentence, “Krusty, quit clowning around.” He knows all the other words,
but he has never heard the word “clowning” before. The fact that he understands that the word clowning”
must be referring to what he is currently doing is best explained as involving __________________ cues.
23. While visiting her grandma, Winona becomes somewhat restless. In an attempt to comfort Winona, her
grandmother says, “Why don’t you play with the doll in my bedroom?” Winona goes to get the doll but
returns crying and says, “That’s not doll. Doll has red hair and sleeps in my room.” Winona's behavior is
best explained by ____________________.
24. Ed knows what a horse is but has never seen nor heard of a camel. When Ed sees his first camel, he says
“horsey.” Ed’s reaction is best explained by the process of ____________________.
25. A child whose vocabulary is dominated by names of objects, actions, or persons is said to have a(n)
________________ style.
26. Rather than saying the kitten fell in the bathtub, young Morris says, “Kitty wet,” which leaves Morris’s
mother to wonder about the nature of the liquid on or coming out of the cat. This linguistic limitation is
known as ___________________.
27. A grammatical morpheme is a word or word ending that makes a sentence grammatically
____________________.
28. Applying rules to a word that is actually an exception to the rule constitutes ____________________.
29. When discussing the acquisition of grammar, which type of theorist would be most likely to say,
“Context and genetics are overrated, what really matters is imitation and reinforcement?”
____________________