Name____________________________________ PD __________ EVEN/ODD
Personal Health
Lesson 1 – the skin
Lesson 1 Vocabulary
1. epidermis –
2. dermis –
3. acne –
4. dermatologist –
The skin – largest organ
1. parts
a. epidermis – _____________________
1. the outermost cells of the epidermis are dead
b. dermis – layer under the epidermis, _____________________
1. hair follicles
*Oil glands are connected to hair follicle
*Too much oil causes __________ (acne), clogged pores
*oil glands keep your skin soft and flexible
2. __________________ – cools the body, eliminates waste
3. __________________ – give you a sense of touch
4. fat layer under skin helps keep you warm
c. protection – from germs/infection unless it is cut
2. skin care
a. __________________ – a person or physician who cares for skin
b. wash skin – to get rid of dirt, sweat, and bacteria (odor)
c. protect your skin with __________________ and clothing
1. avoid sun from 10am to 2pm
d. eat healthy – drink water to flush out your system
e. rest – make sure you get enough sleep each night
Review Lesson 1
1. What are four ways to keep your skin healthy?
2. Describe the two layers of skin.
Lesson 2 – hair/nails
Lesson 2 Vocabulary
1. dandruff –
2. head lice –
3. cuticle –
4. follicles –
5. keratin –
A. Hair
1. grows from a follicle
2. made from keratin
a. the strength of __________ allows hair to stick out from the surface
i. hair traps air near skin and works as ________________to keep you warm
ii. hair helps you sense the world around you through ________________________
B. Hair Care
1. Trim and brush to keep it neat and spread out oils
2. oil glands in your scalp release oil to keep your hair healthy
3. wash hair at least _________________ per week, shampooing your hair removes dirt, and dust that gets caught in hair
4. ___________ – oil from glands dries and mixes with dead skin cells
5. ___________ – small insects that live on the scalp and suck blood
a. lice lay eggs on hair shafts
b. special shampoos can helps a person get rid of lice
c. don’t share hair brushes or hats
C. Nails
1. nails grow from nail beds, which begin under your skin
2. made of _______________, in the form of hard layers
3. function
a. ________________ the sensitive ends of fingers and toes
b. ________________ items
4. ________________________ – a thin flap of skin around the nail
a. can become dry and cracked
b. use lotion on hands to help keep cuticles soft
D. Nail care
1. keep finger and toe nails trimmed and clean
2. Dirt and germs collect under your nails
3. ______________________________ – even underneath your fingernails
4. biting nails is unhealthy, use clippers
Review Lesson 2
1. Why is it important to keep your nails trimmed?
2. Describe two common hair problems.
3. Describe two ways that hair and nails are similar. Describe two ways that they are different.
Lesson 3 – The teeth
Lesson 3 Vocabulary
1. plaque –
2. cavity –
3. fluoride –
4. calculus –
5. crown –
6. pulp –
7. root –
8. dentin –
9. enamel –
Lesson 3 notes
A. The tooth
1. Parts
a. _______________ – the top part that you can see
i. __________– the hard outer cover
b. _______________– connects the top to the bottom of the tooth
c. _______________– bottom part, in gums
2. tooth decay
a. _______________ builds up on teeth everyday- Sticky substance, no color and is invisible
b. bacteria in plaque digest sugar and form into an ___________
c. acid breaks away ________________ creating a ________________ – a hole that forms in a tooth due to decay
d. __________________– hard, colored material, also called _____________________, removed only by a dentist or hygienist
3. prevention
a. dentist, floss, brush, fluoride, stay away from sugary foods and drinks, x-rays
1. _________________ – makes tooth enamel strong, found in toothpaste, water, or pharmacy
2. _________________ – gets rid of plaque and bits of food that brushing does not get to
3. _________________ – with soft bristles and replace toothbrush every 3 months
Lesson 3 Review
1. How often should plaque be removed from your teeth?
2. How can you keep your teeth and gums clean and healthy?
3. Describe how a cavity forms.
Lesson 4 Eyes
Lesson 4 Keywords
1. corrective lenses –
2. nearsightedness –
3. farsightedness –
4. astigmatism –
5. conjunctivitis –
6. sties –
7. cornea –
8. iris –
9. pupil –
10. lens –
11. retina –
A. Eyes
1. Light first passes through the _______________ – this is the protective part of the eye
2. Light then goes through a hole in the _______called the __________
3. Light will then go through the _________ with focuses the light on the _____________, which is in the back of the eye
4. cells in the retina send messages through the _______________ to the brain
5. The retina contains two types of cells, called rods and cones. _______ handle vision in low light, and ________ handle color vision and detail.
B. Eye Problems
1. Problems start at birth or later in life, heredity most often determines the way the eye changes early in life and at puberty
a. ____________________ – People have a hard time seeing far away
b. ____________________– People have a hard time seeing close up
c. ____________________– a condition in which either the cornea or the lens is curved unevenly, causes blurry vision
d. ____________________ – people have difficulty telling the difference between certain colors
e. ____________________ – a clouding of the lens. The lens is mostly made of water and protein. The protein is arranged in a way that keeps the lens clear and allows light pass through it. As we get older, some of the protein may clump together and start to cloud a small area of the lens. This is a cataract, and over time, it may grow larger and cloud more of the lens, making it harder to see.
f. ____________________ - is an eye condition that develops when too much fluid pressure builds up inside of the eye. The increased pressure can damage the optic nerve, which transmits images to the brain. This pressure will cause loss of vision. Without treatment, glaucoma can cause total permanent blindness within a few years. This can be inherited and usually shows up later in life.
2. Infections – caused by microbes when touching the eye
a. ____________________ – pinkeye, infection of the lining of the eye and the tissues under the eyelid
*Spread if a person shares personal things like towels or makeup
*Must be treated by doctor
b. ____________ – infections of the oil or sweat glands in the eyelids
*Spread by sharing face towels, not as easily as pinkeye
*Keep warm wet cloth on eye 2-3x a day to help it heal, or treated by doctor
3. Protection – 3 ways (protect from injury, protect from infection and make sure your vision is clear)
a. Don’t rub eye if something is in it (scratch cornea)
b. wear safety ________________, sunglasses
c. have your vision checked by a doctor
*20/20 vision (or really, 20/20 visual acuity) is considered "normal" vision, meaning you can read at 20 feet a letter that most human beings should be able to read at 20 feet.
*If you can read the big E at the top but none of the letters lower than that, your vision is considered 20/200. That means you can read at 20 feet a letter that people with "normal" vision can read at 200 feet. So at 20/200, your visual acuity is very poor.
d. never wear _______________or glasses that are prescribed for someone else
Lesson 4 Review
1. What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness?
2. How are eye infections different from focus problems?
Lesson 5 – Ears
Lesson 5 Vocabulary
1. cochlea –
2. ear canal –
3. eardrum –
4. decibel -
Lesson 5 notes
A. Ears
1. How do you hear?
a. Sound waves area cased by ___________________ that travel through solids, liquids, or air
b. these sound waves enter the _______________ and are funneled into the __________________ through the __________________
c. the sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate which cause _______________ in your middle ear to then vibrate (hammer, anvil, and stirrup)
d. causes sound to reach inner ear and the _______________ (filled with fluid), and vibrate fluid
e. fluid motion causes hair-like nerve endings in cochlea to send message through ________________________ to brain
2. Sound is measured in _____________________ – units of measure for the loudness of sound
a. higher the decibel level, the louder the sound
b. being around sound as low as 85 decibels can cause hearing loss over time
B. Ear Problems
1. Head injuries can cause damage to ear, so can infections in the middle ear and ear wax build up
2. Helping those who have difficulty hearing
a. speak clearly, don’t shout, face the person directly
b. reduce background noise, keep hands away from face
3. How can you take care of your ears – Safety helmet, ear plugs, be careful when cleaning, don’t put anything in your ears, watch how loudly you listen to your ______________!
Lesson 5 Review
1. What are three ways by which young people can protect themselves from hearing loss?
2. What are decibels?
3. Describe how the ear works.
Lesson 6 – Healthcare Resources
Lesson 6 Vocabulary
1. consumer –
2. ingredients –
3. advertising –
4. s pecialist –
5. healthcare provider –
6. unit price –
Choosing Health Products and Practitioners
A. How do product labels give information to consumers?
1. ________________ – a person who buys or uses goods or services
2. Questions to ask (Decision making skills)
a. Do I really need this? Which kind of this product best fills my needs?
b. Which brand should I buy? What size is best for me? Can this product hurt me?
3. Read labels
a. Describe what the product does
b. Lists ____________________ – the things products are made from
*Used for comparing products
c. Can harm health if not used correctly – cough medicine,
*lists dangers and what to do if there is an accident
B. How does a wise consumer use advertising?
1. _______________________is the process of giving people information that encourages them to buy something
**Some advertising may suggest benefits that products
DO NOT have**
a. ______________________ – recommendation of a famous person
b. Unfinished comparison – “costs pennies less”, “makes breath fresher”– Less than what?
c. Concern for how others feel about a person – hair, skin products will make you popular
2. We buy because of advertising, tradition, and peer pressure
2. ______________ – is the cost of the item divided by the amount of the item
C. How can you choose a physician or dentist?
1. Must pass state tests and earn a license to practice
2. Depends on the persons need, usually a family physician can treat you
3. ____________________ – a physician who has continued his or her training in a certain medical field
a. ____________________ – braces
b. ____________________ – a doctor who treats people who have common medical problems
4. What if you move?
a. ask places for information, ask current doctors
b. call local medical and dental societies to provide names of qualified doctors
D. Health agencies
1. __________________________ (NIH) – conducts research to help develop treatments for diseases; makes recommendations to consumer and healthcare professionals
2. __________________________ (FDA) – is responsible for approving both foods and drugs for widespread use.
3. Local healthcare agencies
a. trash and garbage collectors
b. treating waste water
c. making sure drinking water is clean
d. emergency medical care
Lesson 6 Review
1. What are 3 questions you can ask yourself when choosing health products?
2. How does a wise consumer use advertising?
3. Explain how state, local, and federal agencies help keep you healthy.