Michigan State University/University Of Delaware High School Tournament:

Michigan State University/University of Delaware High School Tournament:

Round 8 Tossups:

1. In the fourth installment of this game series, the Red Wings, led by Cecil, attack the Water Crystal located at Mysidia. Characters from this series’ tenth game such as Auron and Tidus are also found in the Kingdom Hearts (*) universe. This series’ most famous game sees an ex-AVALANCHE member fight to defeat Jenova and her “son” Sephiroth. For 10 points, name this video game series produced by Square Enix whose thirteenth installment features characters such as Lightning and Snow fighting with their Gestalts.
ANSWER: Final Fantasy
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2. “Air-seeding” causes cavitation in this tissue, which can be fixed by importing solutes through ray cells. Mesarch development of this tissue is found in many pteridophytes. When this tiss ue grows centripetally, it is known as exarchy. The secondary type of this tissue grows (*) inward from the vascular cambium. This tissue includes both more primitive tapered cells called tracheids, and the shorter, wider vessel elements. For 10 points, name this kind of vascular plant tissue that uses root pressure and transpirational pull to transport water, unlike phloem.
ANSWER: Xylem
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3. In one of this man’s novels, The Father attempts to bury a dead doctor against the wishes of the townspeople. This author of Leaf Storm described how a town’s fascination shifts from an angel to a meatball-loving tarantula in “ A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings”. In another of his novels, the protagonists leave (*) Riohacha, and Amaranta is jealous of Rebeca. Another character, the gypsy Melquiades is buried in Macondo. For 10 points, name this author who chronicled the Buendia family in One Hundred Years of Solitude.
ANSWER: Gabriel García Márquez [prompt on partial answer]
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4. In Jainism, the influx of this is called ashrava [AASH-rav], and arihants lack the four ghatiya types. This can be destroyed by the Amida Buddha, and its fruition is called vipaka . The obstructive and destructive are two divisions of the akusala kind of this concept in Buddhism. A person reaches (*) moksha by ridding himself of this, and the Vedas explain it as the consequences from the morality of one’s actions. The cycle of death and rebirth is driven by, for 10 points, what concept from several Indian religions that describes how one’s actions affect one’s future?
ANSWER: Karma [or “kamma”]
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5. This man’s commander Marshal de Luxembourg won him victories at Steenkerque and Neerwinden. He removed Nicolas Fouquet as finance minister, allowing him to issue new taxes such as the aides, and his arm ies overran the Franche-Comté during the War of Devolution. This king’s grandson (*) Philip became king of Spain, and this man revoked the political and religious freedoms of Huguenots in his Edict of Fontainebleau [fon-tain-BLEW]. He took the throne at age 5 and reigned for 72 years. For 10 points, identify this Sun King of France who built the palace of Versailles.
ANSWER: Louis XIV [or Louis Quatorze, or Louis the Great, prompt on “Louis”, prompt on “The Sun King” or “Le Roi-Soleil” before mentioned]
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6. One character in this work who communicates with hand signals is Grimaud [grim-MOW]. Another character seduces John Felton, and Madame Bona cieux [bon-a-C’EW] offers to help Anne of Austria deal with losing a diamond broach. A (*) fleur-de-lis marks the left shoulder of Milady de Winter, who is executed soon after the siege of La Rochelle. Her boss Cardinal Richelieu appears in, for 10 points, what Alexandre Dumas novel, in which Porthos, Aramis, and Athos duel and eventually befriend D’Artagnan?
ANSWER: The Three Musketeers [or Les Trois Mousquetaires]
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7. “Halo” varieties of these objects deviate from the liquid-drop model, and “hyper” varieties contain at least one hyperon. “Magic numbers” predict islands of stability where these objects have long lifespans and deviate from the semi-empirical (*) mass formula’s predicted binding energy. Gamma decay may occur when these objects are in an excited state. The mass number is typically the number of particles in these objects, which were discovered in Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment. For 10 points, identify this central region of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
ANSWER: Atomic Nuclei [or the Atomic Nucleus, prompt on “Atoms”]
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8. This painting’s artist attempted to emulate the works of Emile Bernard and Paul Gauguin in it. A bright light appears in its top right, and its glow extends into the surrounding sky in a ripple like effect. Its background features rolling blue hills and a town with a (*) large steeple. A cypress tree painted in dark olive colors dominates its left, and its unwavering leaves contrast with the curves and flow of the sky behind it. For 10 points, identify this scene of the view from a window at the Arles Sanitarium, painted by Vincent van Gogh.
ANSWER: The Starry Night
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9. Gilbert Ryle defined constants in this field as terms which are topic-neutral. Trivalent versions of this introduce an “indeterminate” value, while fuzzy versions use a scale from 0 to 1. Gottlob Frege helped develop its “predicate” form, which replaced its previous focus on (*) syllogisms. Induction and deduction are the two primary types of reasoning analyzed in this field. Hasty generalization and ad hominem statements are fallacies in this field’s “informal” type. For 10 points, name this field of philosophy in which arguments are classified according to their soundness and validity.
ANSWER: logic
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10. The Supreme Court upheld the application of this process to corporations in Flint v. Stone Tracy Co . Henry Addington stopped the first attempted implementation of this process in Britain. First introduced in 1862 for the Civil W ar , it was reintroduced in the Wilson-Gorman Tariff. This process was struck down by (*) Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust. George W. Bush lowered this policy’s top marginal rate to 35%. For 10 points, name this action, legalized on the Federal level by 16th Amendment, whereby the government takes a part of the money you earn.
ANSWER: Income tax [or obvious equivalents, prompt on “tax”]
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11. This author wrote one work about Walter F. Starbuck’s life post-prison, and in another of his works Norman Mushari attempts to have the title politician’s son declared insane. Those novels, Jailbird and God Bless You, Mister Rosewater both feature an appearance by a man who convinced (*) Dwayne Hoover that noone else has free will, Kilgore Trout. This author created Felix Hoenikker, who invents Ice-9, as well as a man kidnapped by Tralfamadorians, Billy Pilgrim. For 10 points, name this author of Breakfast of Champions, Cat’s Cradle, and Slaughterhouse-Five.
ANSWER: Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
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12. One of these devices is paired with a voltage source to simplify a circuit in Thevenin’s t heorem . These devices are used as ammeter shunts to allow for the measuring of large currents. Four of these devices are coupled together to create a (*) Wheatstone Bridge. Like inductors, when in parallel, their strength adds as the inverse of the sum of the reciprocal of each one of these. For 10 points, name this circuit element whose strength is measured in ohms, which opposes the flow of current.
ANSWER: resistors
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13. One character in this work has a piece of paper containing a quote from the book of Revelation. Another character, Hands, sends the protagonist to get wine before trying to kill him. Early in this work, a character suffers a stroke after receiving a (*) black spot from a blind visitor. That man, Billy Bones, has a map that is taken by Jim Hawkins, a boy who goes on a sailing excursion aboard the Hispaniola and attempts to foil a group of mutinous pirates, under the leadership of Long John Silver. For 10 points, identify this adventure novel by Robert Louis Stevenson.
ANSWER: Treasure Island
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14. One person involved in this initiative who urged cabinet members to read Giovanni Gentile’s “The Corporate State” was Hugh Johnson. This initiative, which included the passage of the John Collier-supported Indian Reorganization Act, included a p rogram represented by a Blue Eagle and the phrase “We Do Our Part,” the National (*) Recovery Administration, and much of it was passed during the “First Hundred Days” of its main proponent’s term. For 10 points, name this series of economic programs created by Franklin Delano Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression.
ANSWER: New Deal [accept National Recovery Administration before “Collier”, prompt on it or other specific programs afterwards]
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15. In one experiment, this man examined whether watching a violent ending to an episode of Medical Center would lead to anti-social behavior. This man also distributed packages in Omaha hoping they would reach a stockbroker in Boston; that led to the “six degrees of separation” concept, and is his (*) “small world” experiment. In another experiment of his, a “teacher” read word pairs to a “learner” and tried to shock them for wrong answers. For 10 points, identify this psychologist who found 26 people administered 450 Volts in an experiment testing obedience to authority.
ANSWER: Stanley Milgram
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16. The Rhodope and Pirin Mountains can be found in this region. Istria lies along the westernmost portion of this region, and its northern boundary is partially delineated by the Sava River. The Dinaric Alps lie in the west of this region that is bounded to the southwest by the Ionian Sea. The cities of Plovdiv and Thessalonika [thes-a-lon-EYE-ka] can be found on this (*) peninsula. Its southernmost tip, which juts into the Mediterranean Sea, is the Peloponnesian Peninsula. For 10 points, name this European peninsula that contains Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, and Greece.
ANSWER: Balkan Peninsula [or Balkans, prompt on “Dalmatia”, prompt on “Macedonia”]
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17. Pepi II ruled this polity for 94 years, and some of its early tombs are called Mastabas. This empire’s capital was moved for a time to Avaris, a nd it built temples at Beit el-Wali and Abu Simbel. This civilization’s capitals included (*) Memphis and Thebes, and their history contains three interregnums called "Intermediate Periods". Led by men such as Menes and Khufu, for 10 points, name this ancient civilization on the Nile River, responsible for building the tombs in the Valley of the Kings as well as the Pyramids of Giza.
ANSWER: Ancient Egypt [or Dynastic Egypt, or obvious equivalents, or New Kingdom before “Avaris”]
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18. The SNC meteorites, along with the recently found Tissint meteorite, originated from this body. The Rosetta probe passed this body on its way to a comet, and Ma riner 4 was the first probe to do a flyby of this object. The largest valley in the solar system, (*) Valles Marineris, is located on this body. This body’s two satellites are thought to be captured asteroids, and it also contains the tallest mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons. This planet is orbited by Phobos and Deimos, and the Curiosity rover landed here. For 10 points, identify this red planet, the fourth farthest from the sun.
ANSWER: Mars
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19. This composer included two Nachtmusik movements in his Seventh Symphony , and in one of his song cycles, the hero sings “ Ich hab'ein glühend Messer. ” Besides writing Songs of a Wayfar er , he set the hymn “Veni, creator spiritus” in one work and includes a minor key version of (*) “Frere Jacques” in another. This composer is known for the adagietto movement of his Fifth Symphony, and he has horns mimic an ape call in a setting of Li Po poems. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of The Song of the Earth, the Titan Symphony and Symphony of a Thousand.
ANSWER: Gustav Mahler
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20. This figure and Menoetius were opposed by his brother, Epimetheus, in the Titanomachy . In one story, he refuses to grant hospitality to Perseus because of a prophecy that a son of Zeus would steal the golden apples guarded by Hesperides, who were this figure’s descendants, along with the (*) Pleiades. That prophecy was instead fulfilled by Heracles, who stole the golden apples after taking over this Titan’s job and tricking him back into his punishment. For 10 points, identify this Titan who was punished by Zeus to hold up the heavens for eternity.
ANSWER: Atlas
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21 (Tiebreaker): Opponents of this war who were called “Blue Lights” due to their supposed support of enemy ships included Fisher Ames and George Cabot and were known as the Essex Junto. Winfield Scott was captured at the Battle of (*) Queenston Heights in this war’s Niagara Campaign, and, although one side won the Battle of Bladensburg, they failed to capture Ft. McHenry. The Battle of New Orleans occurred two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent ended this war. For 10 points, name this war between the US and Great Britain, named for the year in which it began.
ANSWER: War of 1812
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Round 8 Bonuses:

1. Several Americans won the Nobel Prize in Literature during the 1930s. For 10 points each:
[10] This Minnesota native was awarded the prize for novels such as Babbitt and Arrowsmith. Many of his works were set in the fictional state of Winnemac.
ANSWER: Sinclair Lewis
[10] This first American woman to receive the prize was honored for a novel about the farmer Wang Lung and his wife, O-Lan.
ANSWER: Pearl S. Buck
[10] This playwright wrote about Mary Tyrone’s opium addiction in Long Day’s Journey Into Night and Hickey’s arrest for his wife’s murder in The Iceman Cometh.
ANSWER: Eugene O'Neill
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2. One consequence of this theory is that objects traveling near the speed of light become heavier. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this theory which also explains time dilation and length contraction and is contrasted with a more “general” version.
ANSWER: Special Relativity [prompt on “relativity”, prompt on “sr”]
[10] This 1887 experiment found no evidence of the supposed Luminiferous Aether after using an interferometer to find no difference in the speed of light at various points in Earth’s orbit.
ANSWER: Michelson-Morley experiment [prompt on partial answer]
[10] This man’s namesake transformations convert measurements between two inertial frames of reference; they were developed to explain the results of the Michelson-Morley Experiment.
ANSWER: Hendrik Lorentz
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