MARINE SCIENCE SECOND SEMESTER REVIEW

MARINE POPULATIONS

1.  Explain the adaptations to the marine environment in terms of pigments and structures of the following algae:

a.  Phaeophyta

b.  Chlorophyta

c.  Rhodophyta

2.  Explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the following invertebrate phylums in terms of their movement, specialized systems, protection, and feeding methods.

a.  Porifera

b.  Cnidarian

c.  Ctenophora

d.  Mollusca

e.  Annelida

f.  Arthropoda

g.  Echinodermata

3.  Describe adaptations and give examples of the different fish classes.

Agnatha / Osteichthyes / Chondrichthyes
Examples
Adaptations

4.  What is the function of the swim bladder? In which class of fish is it found?

5.  What are the energy saving techniques used by the class Chondrichthyes?

6.  Describe the different body shapes of fish. Give an example of each.

Body Shape
Description
Drawing
Examples

7.  Give the functions for the following fins and write the letter that corresponds to it from the picture on the right:

Marine Science Second Semester Exam Review Revised 06/20/2011 Page 2

_____anal fin

_____caudal fin

_____dorsal fin

_____pectoral fin

_____pelvic fin

Marine Science Second Semester Exam Review Revised 06/20/2011 Page 2

Marine Science Second Semester Exam Review Revised 06/20/2011 Page 2

8.  Describe adaptations of species found in the class Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. Give examples.

Class / Reptilia / Aves / Mammalia
Adaptations
Examples

9.  Describe adaptations of species found in the following mammalian orders:

Sirenia / Pinnipedia
Cetacea / Carnivora

10.  Describe how echolocation works. What benefit does it serve toothed whales?

MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

11.  Define estuary?

12.  Describe the classification system of estuaries based on their origin?

13.  Describe the following types of estuaries:

  1. Vertically mixed
  1. Slightly stratified
  1. Highly stratified
  1. Salt wedge

14.  Explain where euryhaline and stenohaline organisms are more likely to be found in an estuary.

15.  Describe the physical and biological components of the following coastal ecosystems:

Mangrove / Salt marshes / Seagrasses

16.  Describe characteristics of the three different types of mangrove trees.

Red Mangroves / White Mangroves / Black Mangroves

17.  In what order would you find mangrove species if looking at the shoreline from a boat?

18.  Discuss the worldwide distribution of corals.

19.  Explain why corals more common on the western side of an ocean basin?

20.  List the physical and chemical factors required for coral growth.

21.  Describe the different reef formations.

Atoll / Fringing / Barrier

22.  What characteristics must organisms living on a rocky shore possess in order to thrive? What factors might cause “problems”?

23.  What characteristics must organisms living on a sandy shore possess in order to thrive? What factors might cause “problems”?

24.  Describe the different zones within an intertidal zone? What organisms might you find in each of the different zones?

HUMAN IMPACT

1.  What affects does global warming have on the marine environment?

2.  What can worldwide sea level rise be attributed to?

3.  How is coastal dredging harmful to the marine environment?

4.  With regards to the marine environment, why are plastics, such as bags, fishing line, and soda rings a threat?

5.  Compare and contrast biomagnification and bioaccumulation. What problems do they cause?

6.  What is mariculture? What economical and ecological benefit does it serve?

7.  What is overfishing? What does this have to do with maximum sustainable yield?

8.  How do the invasive species affect the native species?

9.  Explain why crude oil spills are less biologically damaging than refined oil spills.

10.  What are some sources of eutrophication? What are some of the effects on the marine environment?

11.  Define/Describe: drift netting, longline, trawling, and purse seining. What problems do each cause in the marine environment?

12.  Describe the difference and give an example of a renewable and nonrenewable resource.

13.  What is desalination? What are the pros and cons?

14.  What threats are there to current whale populations? Dolphin populations? What is being done to lessen these threats?

15.  What are sources of heavy metal pollution in the marine environment?

16.  Name fisheries that are declining.

Marine Science Second Semester Exam Review Revised 06/20/2011 Page 2