Geography 5: Exam 2 Study Guide
Fall, 2017
Latin America: Chapter 4: Environment, Economic Development, Urban Landscapes
Biodiversity
Mestizo
Interoceanic Highway
Neotropics
Charles Darwin, Galapagos Islands
Western Uplands—Andes, Mexican Plateau, Central American Highlands
River systems—Amazon Basin, Plata Basin, Orinoco Basin
Belo Monte hydroelectric project, Xingu River
Kayapo, Altamira Gathering
Dorothy Stang, Berta Caceres, Chico Mendes
Itaipu Dam, Parana River, Pantanal
Climates: Af, Aw, BW, Cf, Cs
Altitudinal Zonation, Alexander Humboldt, ELR (environmental lapse rate)
Climate change impacts in Latin America
Ranching in South America
O Projecto Carajas Grande, Transamazon Highway
Grassification
Mario Boza, Costa Rica
Monocropping
Urban issues: water, pollution, megacities
Sustainable urban design: Curitiba, Brazil
Primary Export Dependency in Latin American economic development
Cash cropping
Raul Prebisch, Dependency Theory, Dependistas
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)
The Lost Decade
Neoliberalism—free trade, structural adjustments
Possible Essay Questions:
1. Using specific projects as examples, explain how the following three competing interest are all competing to determine the future of Latin America: economic interests, indigenous interests, and environmental interests.
2. Describe the region of Latin America—what are its “unifiers” and what are the general trends observed in this region?
3. Describe the physical features of the Uplands of Latin America.
4. Discuss activities in the Brazilian Amazon—what projects has the country undertaken and what impacts have these had on varying interests in the country?
5. Describe the three river basins of South America.
6. Describe the climates of Latin America, including where each is found and what its characteristics and causes are.
7. Describe altitudinal zonation and why it’s been so important to Latin America and how it will be impacted by climate change.
8. What are the major urban issues in Latin America? Describe the possibilities of a sustainable city using Curitiba, Brazil as an example.
9. Trace the economic development of Latin American countries from the colonial era through the present day.
Europe: Chapter 8: Environment, Religious Landscapes, Political Landscapes
European Lowlands, glaciated vs. non-glaciated sections
Alpine Mountains, Pyrenees, Alps, Apennine (Mt Vesuvius, Mt Etna), Carpathian
Central Uplands, raw materials of industry
Western Highlands. Oldest, glaciated
River systems and their port cities, Hamburg, Rotteram, Rhine, Elbe, London, Thames, Seine, Le Havre, Danube
European approach to climate change: transboundary pollution, alternatie energy, consumption patterns, Green political parties, Kyoto Accord, water management
Climates of Europe: Cf, Cs, Df
Christianity in Europe: the Great Schism, Protestant Reformation
The “Troubles” of Northern Ireland
UVF, IRA
Jewish diaspora, Jewish Pale, Holocaust
Crusades, Ottoman Empire, Guest Worker programs, Muslim immigrants and Muslim residents of Europe today and demographic change in Europe
Nation-State, Nationalism, Fascism, Ethnicity
Treaty of Westphalia
WWI, WWII, Cold War, Balkan war, Balkanization
Possible Essay Questions:
1. What are the shared characteristics of the region of Europe?
2. Describe, with details, each of Europe’s four physiographic regions. Include major landforms and importance to the region.
3. What challenges does Europe face from global warming and how is the region addressing these?
4. Describe the conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted from 1968-1998. Was this a religious-based conflict?
5. Describe the experience of Islam in Europe—both historically and today.
6. Describe the landscapes and experiences of Judaism in Europe over the last several hundred years through the present.
7. Define the following terms: nation-state, nationalism, fascism and discuss how they have transformed the political landscape of Europe over the 20th Century.
8. Explain what led to the Balkan War of the 1990s and how it has been resolved.