Kingswood High School
Science
Department
Year 10 Homework Book
Metals Homework 1
PERIODIC TABLE
Here is a section of the periodic table. Use it to answer the following questions.
Group 1
/ Group 0H
/ Group2 / Group
3 / Group
4 / Group
5 / Group
6 / Group
7 / He
Li / Be / B / 1 / N / 4 / F / Ne
Na / Mg / Al / Si /
2
/ S / Cl / 8K / Ca / Ga / Ge / As / 5 / 6 / Kr
Rb /
Sr
/ In / Sn / 3 / Te / 7 / 9a) Copy out the periodic table above.
b) Using the periodic table on page 1 of your metals booklet fill in the gaps numbered 1 – 9.
c) Show on your copy of the periodic table that you have just drawn where the division between metals and non-metals exists.
d) Name 3 metals and 3 non-metals.
e) Complete the following passage using the words in the box below.
The table has groups of . Group one are known as the
metals. The last group are called the gases. The big group in the middle are the metals. These include the metals iron, nickel and . The are the horizontal rows in the table. Each element has a chemical symbol. The symbol for Carbon is . The symbol for iron is . The symbol for phosphorous is .
Each element in the table has 2 numbers the small number is and is equal to the number of protons and neutrons.
Chromium Alkali metals Transition elements Periods
C Proton Number P Fe Mass Number
Elements Noble gases Groups
Extension (Answer question fully or copy out the question)
a) Give the names and symbols for: (You may need to look this up in a book or use the elements CD Rom on the computer network)
i) the elements in group 4
ii) 5 elements in period 3
iii) 6 transition elements
iv) 3 metalloids
v) 8 radioactive elements
vi) the noble gases
vii) the alkali metals.
b) What is meant by the following terms:
i) period? ii) group? iii) element?
Extension (Answer question fully)
(You will have to research some of these questions so start them in plenty of time.)
a) What is meant by the term metalloid?
b) Explain why beryllium, magnesium and calcium appear in Group 2 of the periodic table.
c) Copy and complete: i) In group 4, the atoms have 4
ii) In group , the atoms have 6
iii) In group 0, the atoms have
d) What is the special name for elements in:
i) Group 1 ii) Group 7 iii) Group 0
e) Write down the symbols for the following elements. Also state whether they are ‘metals’ or ‘non-metals’ and give their physical state at room temperature.
i) Vanadium
ii) Krypton
iii) Indium
iv) Iodine
v) Barium
f)
Atomic Number / Melting Point °C / Boiling Point °C / Element heated in air / pH of oxide residue / Reaction of element with waterA / 82 / 327 / 1744 / Slow reaction / 7 / None
B
/ 19 / 64 / 760 / Burns on heating / 12 / Violent reactionC / 12 / 650 / 1110 / Burns on heating / 10 / Reacts very slowly with cold water but rapidly with steam
D / 3 / 180 / 1330 / Burns on heating / 11 / Reacts steadily with cold water
E / 80 / -39 / 357 / Slow reaction over several days / 7 / None
F / 11 / 98 / 890 / Burns on heating / 11 / Fast reaction
G / 16 / 119 / 445 / Burns on heating / 5 / None
Use the information above to answer the following questions. In each question give the letter or letters required and a brief reason for your answer.
a) Which element is a liquid at room temperature (20°C)?
b) Which element is most reactive?
c) Give one element that forms a neutral oxide.
d) Which 2 elements are adjacent (next to each other) in a period of the Periodic Table?
e) Which 3 elements are in the same group of the Periodic Table?
f) Which element is a non-metal?
g) What is the structure of element G at room temperature?
Metals Homework 2
CHEMICAL FORMULAE
CO2 stands for Carbon dioxide.
This means there is 1 atom of Carbon and 2 atoms of Oxygen.
Copy out the table and complete it for the compounds shown, commenting on what elements are contained in them and how many of each are present. (Use the tables on pages 1 and 2 in your metals booklets)
Formulae / Elements / Numbers of each atomWater
Magnesium Chloride
Lithium Sulphide
Calcium Fluoride
Iron (II) Sulphide
Sodium Oxide
Hydrogen Carbonate
Potassium Nitrate
Calcium Sulphate
Extension (Answer fully or copy out the question please)
Using drawings, words and cartoons (if you like!) explain how to work out chemical formulae. Your target audience is a group of Year 8 students. Try and make it as simple as possible!
You are the teacher for this one!
Extension
(Remember to answer questions fully)
1. What is a radical?
2. What are the symbols for the following radicals?
a) Hydroxide b) Sulphate c) Nitrate
3. Using your periodic table, and the information you know about periods and groups, work out the number of ‘arms’ for each of the following.
a) Barium b) Phosphorous c) Iodine d) Neon
e) Aluminium f) Sodium g) Lead h) Silicon
4. Copper and Iron have 2 different numbers of ‘arms’. State the 2 different numbers of ‘arms’ each one has.
5. Copy and complete the following equations:
a) Aluminium + oxygen Aluminium oxide
Al Al2O3
b) Sodium + hydrogen Sodium hydride
+ NaH
c) Sodium + chlorine Sodium chloride
+
d) Potassium chlorate Potassium chloride + oxygen
KClO3 +
e) Potassium + water Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
+ KOH
f) Calcium + water Calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
+ +
g) Zinc + hydrochloric acid Zinc chloride + Hydrogen
+ ZnCl2
h) Zinc oxide + Hydrochloric acid Zinc chloride + water
+ +
i) Zinc Hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid Zinc chloride + water
Zn(OH)2 +
j) Zinc Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Zinc chloride + water + Carbon
Dioxide
+ + +
Metals Homework 3
EXTRACTION OF METAL FROM ORES – BLAST FURNACE
1) These questions refer to the extraction of iron in the blast furnace. (Answer in full sentences)
a) Why do you think the furnace is called a blast furnace?
b) Write down the 3 raw materials which are added to the top of the
furnace.
c) What is the gas which is blown into the furnace?
d) Why do you think this gas is introduced to the furnace?
e) What are the 2 liquids tapped off from the furnace?
f) What does the word molten mean?
g) What is the reducing agent in the process?
h) What can the waste gases be used for?
2)
a) Complete the sentence by using the best word from the box.
an element a pure substance an ore a mineral
Haematite is an example of of iron.
b) The word ore means
c) Tin is made in the same way as iron in the blast furnace. The following 5 sentences about making tin are in the wrong order. Re-arrange them.
1. The mixture is heated until the tin is molten.
2. The rock is mixed with Coke (carbon) and heated.
3. The rock is crushed.
4. Molten tin is poured off.
5. Rock is dug out of the ground.
Extension (Answer questions fully)
The main reactions in the blast furnace are
Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Calcium Carbonate Calcium Oxide + Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide + Carbon Carbon Monoxide
Iron (III) Oxide + Carbon Monoxide Iron + Carbon dioxide
Calcium Oxide + Silicon dioxide Calcium silicate
a) Copy out the word equations above leaving 1 line space underneath each one. Then put the symbol equation in below each one. (You may need to look at your work on chemical formulae to do this)
b) Which equation represents:-
i) the reduction of iron oxide to iron
ii) the reduction of Carbon dioxide to Carbon monoxide
iii) the decomposition of Calcium carbonate
iv) the reaction of an acidic oxide with a basic oxide
c) In pencil try to balance the symbol equations that you have written. (You may need help with this so start in plenty of time and ask your teacher if necessary)
d) Explain how steel is made out of iron. (You will need to look this up!)
Metals Homework 4
EXTRACTING METALS FROM ORES – ELECTROLYSIS
Aluminium is obtained by passing an electric current through aluminium oxide dissolved in molten Cryolite.
1. Copy out and finish the following sentences.
a) Cryolite is mixed with Aluminium Oxide because ......
b) The aluminium oxide must be molten so that ......
c) Why do the positive electrodes need to be frequently replaced?
d) Iron is not extracted from it’s ore by electrolysis because . . . . .
e) The process by which a metal is extracted from its ore using electricity is known as ......
f) Oxidation occurs at the ...... electrode
g) Reduction occurs at the ...... electrode
h) The name to describe both reduction and oxidation is ......
2. Copy out the passage and fill in the gaps using the words in the box.
Most metals are usually present in the Earth as rocks containing compounds of a metal. These are called . The extraction of the metal aluminium is carried out by the process known as
. Aluminium ore is made of Aluminium and . The name of aluminium ore is . is required for this extraction to occur. The pure aluminium is in liquid form known as .
Electrolysis Oxygen Molten Cryolite
Ores Bauxite
F Extension (Answer fully please or copy out the question and answer below)
The following table shows the name of the Ore, the type of metal found in the ore and the percentage of metal found in the ore.
Rock / Metal in Rock / PercentageHaematite / Iron / 45
Rutile / Titanium / 20
Cassiterite / Tin / 1.5
Bauxite / Aluminium / 28
Zinc blende / Zinc / 20
Draw a bar graph showing the percentages of metal found in each ore. Remember to label the axis bars and give it a title! Also pick a scale that allows the graph to fill most of the graph paper.
H Extension (Answer fully please)
Copy and complete the following sentences and equations.
a) Sodium is extracted from molten sodium chloride by electrolysis in the 1 cell:
Cathode: Na+ + e- 2
3 : 2Cl- Cl2(g) + 2 4
b) The extraction of aluminium is carried out by electrolysis of 5 . Aluminium 6 (Bauxite), dissolved in molten 7 . (Sodium aluminium fluoride) has electricity passed through it. This is what happens at the negative electrode (cathode) and positive electrode (anode).
Cathode: Al3+ + 8 Al
Anode: 202- 9 + 4e-
c) Copper is purified by electrolysis, with the anode made of impure
10 and the Cathode made of 11 copper. The 12 is Copper (II) Sulphate Solution.
Anode: Cu Cu2+ + 2e-
Cathode: Cu2+ + 2e- 13
Na(g) Oxide Electrolyte O2(g) Cryolite
Pure Cu(s) 3e 2e Anode
Bauxite Copper Electrolysis
Metals Homework 5
METALS AND NON-METALS
F/H
(Answer all questions fully or copy out the question and put the answer below)
1. Copy out the table and place the elements in the list below in the correct columns of the table.
Arsenic Manganese
Bromine Phosphorous
Calcium Silicon
Copper Silver
Iodine Tin
Copy out and complete questions 2, 3 and 4.
2. Aluminium is used for overhead power cables because . . . . .
3. Iron is used to build bridges because . . . . .
4. An alloy is . . . . .
5. Read the following passage about the physical properties of metals.
Elements are divided into metals and non-metals. All metals are electrical conductors. Many of them have a high density and they are usually ductile and malleable. All these properties influence the way the metals are used. Some metals are sonorous and this leads to special uses for the.
a) Explain the meaning of the words underlined.
b) Copper is ductile. How is this property useful in everyday life?
c) Aluminium is hammered and bent to make large structures for use in ships and aeroplanes. What property is important in the shaping of this metal?
d) Name one metal that has a low density.
e) Some metals are cast into bells. What property must the chosen metals have?
f) Add the correct word: Metals are good conductors of ...... and electricity.
g) Name one other physical property of metals and give 2 examples of how this property is useful.
6. a) Write a short passage, like that in question I, about the physical
properties of non-metals.
b) Give one way in which the chemical properties of non-metals and metals differ.
F Extension
Metal Magic
Copper has been used by man for almost 10,000 years. At first people probably found lumps of copper lying on the ground and hammered them into the shape they wanted. However, we don’t usually find pure copper. It is usually found in the ground joined with other substances. This is called a copper ore.
About 7,000 years ago man discovered how to separate pure copper from its ores by using heat. Separating a metal from its ore in this way is called smelting. People were able to use pure copper to make tools, ornaments and vessels but there was one big snag! Copper, like many pure metals is soft. It pulls apart if you stretch it and, what is more important, it can’t be used to make a cutting edge. A copper knife is useless!
A remarkable discovery was made in the Middle East about 6,000 years ago. By mixing a little tin with the molten copper a new substance called bronze could be made. Bronze was much harder than copper and could be used for making cutting edges. A metal mixed with another substance is called an alloy. Bronze is an alloy of tin and copper.