Review for Chapter 8

People

John Adams – 2nd President of the U.S. Believed in a stronger federal

government.

Thomas Jefferson – 3rd President of the U.S. Believed in a strong state government

John Marshall – Supreme Court judge appointed by John Adams. Issued the ruling

on the Marbury v. Madison court case

Meriwether Lewis – Former army captain who becomes co-leader of the

expedition to explore the new lands of the United States.

William Clark – Co-leader of the expedition. A friend of Lewis.

Napoleon Bonaparte – Leader of France who sold the Louisiana Territory to the

US because France needed money for military supplies to fight the British

Sacagawea – Shoshone Native American who served as a guide and interpreter

for Lewis and Clark’s expedition.

Zebulon Pike – Army officer who discovered Pike’s Peak. He was arrested by the

Spanish who thought he was a spy. Pike gave the US knowledge of the

southwest United States.

Tecumseh – A Shawnee tribe chief who helped united Native American tribes

against the United States and the American settlers who were taking their

land.

James Madison – became President #4 in 1808. He allowed the War Hawks in

Congress to decide our fate with Britain. He was President during the War

of 1812.

Important Terms, Battles, etc.

Marbury v. Madison – established the Supreme Court’s power of checks and

balances. The Court was given the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Judicial review – Power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.

Louisiana Purchase – large land purchase from France. Roughly doubled the size

of the United States.

Lewis and Clark expedition - A group of about 50 mean chosen by Lewis and Clark

to explore the Louisiana Purchase and find a river route across the West to

the Pacific Ocean. It was called the Corps of Discovery.

Embargo – the banning of trade

War Hawks – Young members of Congress who favored going to war against

Great Britain because Britain had backed Native American rebellions.

Treaty of Fort Jackson –A treaty that forced the Creek tribe to give up millions of

acres.

Battle of New Orleans – An impressive victory for the outnumbered Americans.

This battle prevented the British from taking control of the Mississippi

River. Andrew Jackson commanded the US forces.

Treaty of Ghent – This treaty officially ended the War of 1812.