Ionic and Covalent Bonding

· All atoms want to have 8 valence electrons in order to have a full outer energy level and be stable and satisfied. Just like the noble gases.

· Having a full outer energy level (8 valence electrons) is called the Noble Gas Configuration.

Rememberà Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.

Only valence electrons are involved in bonding.

· Rememberà The group numbers (1,2,13-18) tell you the number of valence electrons an atom has.

How many valence electrons does an atom want?

8

· 8 valence electrons are called the noble gas configuration. Why?

· All noble gases naturally have 8 valence electrons (except He w/2). Noble gases are stable and do not react. All atoms want to be stable- like the noble gases.

· An atom will lose or gain 1,2, or 3 electrons in order to get to 8 valence electrons. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it will become positively or negatively charged. This is called an ion.

· Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons becoming positively or negatively charged

· When an atom gains electrons it becomes negatively-charged.

· When an atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged.

Ionic Bonding: atoms of an element will transfer valence electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons. After this transfer, the atoms will become oppositely charged and attracted. Remember- opposites attract

· The overall force of an ionic compound is 0.

· Ionic bonds always occur between a metal and a nonmetal.

Examples:

Example:

NaCl

CaO

MgBr2

Covalent Bonding

· Some atoms bond not by transferring electrons but rather by sharing electrons. These are called covalent bonds.

· Covalent Bonding is always between 2 nonmetals.

· Atoms bond covalently in order reach 8 valence electrons. (2 for Hydrogen)

Examples

Cl2

CF4

Octet Rule

· Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 8 valance electrons in their outermost energy level. Atoms bond in order to reach the noble gas configuration. (8 valence electrons)

Duet Rule

· Hydrogen, Lithium, and Berylium, will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 2 valance electrons. Why? These elements are stable when their first energy level has 2 valence electrons since the first energy level can only hold a total of 2 valence electrons.

Examples:

H2O

LiCl

What type of boding occurs between the following elements?

Ca O

H F

S O

K Cl

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

· All atoms want to have _____________________in order to have a full outer energy level and be stable and satisfied.

· Having a full outer energy level (8 valence electrons) is called the ____________________________.

·

Rememberà Valence electrons are the __________________ electrons of an atom.

· Only _____________________________ are involved in bonding.

· Rememberà The group numbers (1,2,13-18) tell you the number of valence electrons an atom has.

How many valence electrons does an atom want?

· 8 valence electrons is called the___________________________________________. Why?

· All noble gases naturally have 8 valence electrons (except He w/2). Noble gases are stable and do not react. All atoms want to be stable- like the noble gases.

· An atom will lose or gain 1,2, or 3 electrons in order to get to 8 valence electrons. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it will become positively or negatively charged. This is called an _________________.

· Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons becoming positively or negatively charged

· When an atom _____________ electrons it becomes negatively-charged.

· When an atom _____________ electrons it becomes positively charged.

Ionic Bonding: atoms of an element will _________________ valence electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons. After this transfer, the atoms will become oppositely charged and attracted. Remember- opposites attract

· The overall force of an ionic compound is _____________.

· Ionic bonds always occur between a ____________________.

Examples:

Example:

NaCl

CaO

MgBr2

Covalent Bonding

· Some atoms bond not by transferring electrons but rather by ____________________ electrons. These are called covalent bonds.

· Covalent Bonding is always between ____________________.

· Atoms bond covalently in order reach 8 valence electrons. (2 for Hydrogen)

Examples

CH4

H2O

Octet Rule

· Atoms will __________________________________________electrons in order to reach ________ valance electrons in their outermost energy level. Atoms ___________ in order to reach the noble gas configuration. (8 valence electrons)

Duet Rule

· Hydrogen, Lithium, and Berylium, will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 2 valance electrons. Why? These elements are stable when their first energy level has 2 valence electrons since the first energy level can only hold a total of 2 valence electrons.

Examples:

H2O

LiCl

What type of boding occurs between the following elements?

Ca O

H F

S O

K Cl

http://www.colinamiddle.net/dmatras/Chapter%205/pages/Ionic%20Bonding%20Worksheet-1.pdf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNBzyM6TcK8&feature=related

Oxidation number- the charge of an ion after it has gained or lost electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons.

· All the elements in a group will have the same oxidation number.