Ionic and Covalent Bonding
· All atoms want to have 8 valence electrons in order to have a full outer energy level and be stable and satisfied. Just like the noble gases.
· Having a full outer energy level (8 valence electrons) is called the Noble Gas Configuration.
Rememberà Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.
Only valence electrons are involved in bonding.
· Rememberà The group numbers (1,2,13-18) tell you the number of valence electrons an atom has.
How many valence electrons does an atom want?
8
· 8 valence electrons are called the noble gas configuration. Why?
· All noble gases naturally have 8 valence electrons (except He w/2). Noble gases are stable and do not react. All atoms want to be stable- like the noble gases.
· An atom will lose or gain 1,2, or 3 electrons in order to get to 8 valence electrons. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it will become positively or negatively charged. This is called an ion.
· Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons becoming positively or negatively charged
· When an atom gains electrons it becomes negatively-charged.
· When an atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged.
Ionic Bonding: atoms of an element will transfer valence electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons. After this transfer, the atoms will become oppositely charged and attracted. Remember- opposites attract
· The overall force of an ionic compound is 0.
· Ionic bonds always occur between a metal and a nonmetal.
Examples:
Example:
NaCl
CaO
MgBr2
Covalent Bonding
· Some atoms bond not by transferring electrons but rather by sharing electrons. These are called covalent bonds.
· Covalent Bonding is always between 2 nonmetals.
· Atoms bond covalently in order reach 8 valence electrons. (2 for Hydrogen)
Examples
Cl2
CF4
Octet Rule
· Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 8 valance electrons in their outermost energy level. Atoms bond in order to reach the noble gas configuration. (8 valence electrons)
Duet Rule
· Hydrogen, Lithium, and Berylium, will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 2 valance electrons. Why? These elements are stable when their first energy level has 2 valence electrons since the first energy level can only hold a total of 2 valence electrons.
Examples:
H2O
LiCl
What type of boding occurs between the following elements?
Ca O
H F
S O
K Cl
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
· All atoms want to have _____________________in order to have a full outer energy level and be stable and satisfied.
· Having a full outer energy level (8 valence electrons) is called the ____________________________.
·
Rememberà Valence electrons are the __________________ electrons of an atom.
· Only _____________________________ are involved in bonding.
· Rememberà The group numbers (1,2,13-18) tell you the number of valence electrons an atom has.
How many valence electrons does an atom want?
· 8 valence electrons is called the___________________________________________. Why?
· All noble gases naturally have 8 valence electrons (except He w/2). Noble gases are stable and do not react. All atoms want to be stable- like the noble gases.
· An atom will lose or gain 1,2, or 3 electrons in order to get to 8 valence electrons. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it will become positively or negatively charged. This is called an _________________.
· Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons becoming positively or negatively charged
· When an atom _____________ electrons it becomes negatively-charged.
· When an atom _____________ electrons it becomes positively charged.
Ionic Bonding: atoms of an element will _________________ valence electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons. After this transfer, the atoms will become oppositely charged and attracted. Remember- opposites attract
· The overall force of an ionic compound is _____________.
· Ionic bonds always occur between a ____________________.
Examples:
Example:
NaCl
CaO
MgBr2
Covalent Bonding
· Some atoms bond not by transferring electrons but rather by ____________________ electrons. These are called covalent bonds.
· Covalent Bonding is always between ____________________.
· Atoms bond covalently in order reach 8 valence electrons. (2 for Hydrogen)
Examples
CH4
H2O
Octet Rule
· Atoms will __________________________________________electrons in order to reach ________ valance electrons in their outermost energy level. Atoms ___________ in order to reach the noble gas configuration. (8 valence electrons)
Duet Rule
· Hydrogen, Lithium, and Berylium, will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 2 valance electrons. Why? These elements are stable when their first energy level has 2 valence electrons since the first energy level can only hold a total of 2 valence electrons.
Examples:
H2O
LiCl
What type of boding occurs between the following elements?
Ca O
H F
S O
K Cl
http://www.colinamiddle.net/dmatras/Chapter%205/pages/Ionic%20Bonding%20Worksheet-1.pdf
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNBzyM6TcK8&feature=related
Oxidation number- the charge of an ion after it has gained or lost electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons.
· All the elements in a group will have the same oxidation number.