INDONESIA COUNTRY UPDATE REPORT
1 Current and planned collection of agricultural statistics
1.1 Current collection
In Indonesia, collection of agricultural statistics has been a high priority in terms of statistical development. The priority is due to a significant contribution of agricultural sector to Indonesian economy. In 2009, agricultural sector contributed as much as 15.29% to the GDP (at current price) and it is considered as the big two after the sectors manufacturing industry. Another important fact is, in several provinces, agriculture is still the most dominant sector in regional GDP (GRDP). It means agricultural sector is very important in either national or regional economy. In addition, agricultural sector could create the highest job opportunities. National Labour Survey 2008 reveals that around 38.52 percent (38.36 million people) of the total 15 years of age and over who worked (111.95 million people) in 2008, worked in agricultural sector.
In order to provide up to date and accurate data on agricultural statistics, BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been collecting some essential agricultural indicators through its agricultural surveys and censuses. Indicators covered in the surveys and censuses are ranged from number of people and enterprises involve in agricultural activities, production, consumption, trade, cost structures, socio-economic and farmer welfare, land utilization, prices, and so forth. The agricultural surveys and censuses cover data collection on food crop, estate crop, livestock, forestry, and fishery statistics. Some are summarized bellows:
Statistics/ Indicators / Coverage/Scope / Periodicity of Data Collection / Available Time Series
Volume of Food Crops Production / National / Quarterly / 1998 to 2009
Volume of Vegetables and Fruit Crops Production / National / Monthly for seasonal vegetables and fruits; Quarterly for annual vegetables and fruits / 1998 to 2009
Volume of Medicinal and Ornamental Plants Production / 15 Province / Quarterly / 1998 to 2009
Volume of Estate Crops Production / National / Monthly / 1998 to 2009
Stock of Estate Crops Production / National / Monthly / 1998 to 2009
Volume of Fishery Production / National / Quarterly / 1989 to 2006
Value of Animal Slaughtered Production / National / Quarterly / 1989 to 2006
Number of Animal Slaughtered and Meat Production / National / Quarterly / 1989 to 2006
Number of Livestock / National / Annually / 1989 to 2009
Number of Agricultural Machinery / National / Annually / 1990 to 2008
Land Use:
Area of Wetland; Area of Dry land / National / Annually / 1998 to 2008
1.2 Current and Planned Surveys
Addressing the demand, three surveys will be conducted: first, Paddy Field Mapping Survey by Ministry of Agriculture (2010); second, Beef Cattle Census 2010 by Directorate General of Livestock Ministry of Agriculture; third Carcass Survey for Ruminat Animals by Directorate General of Livestock Ministry of Agriculture, fourth Cattle Identification and Registration System by Directorate General of Livestock Ministry of Agriculture, and fifth, the fishery survey for the preparation of producing Fishery Terms of Trade Index, in collaboration with Department of Marine and Fishery.
a. 2010 Population Census
According to the 2000 Population Census the population of Indonesia was 205.1 millions people in June 2000; out of these 121 millions or about 60 percent live on the island of Java, the most densely populated island in Indonesia. Indonesia is the fourth largest country in the world in terms of their population following China, India and the United States. Based on this census the population density of Indonesia in 2000 was 103 people per square kilometer.
During the 2010 Population Census it is estimated that the population of Indonesia would be around 234.2 millions people who lives in about 65 millions households. The field enumeration will require approximately 600,000 enumerators who would have undertaken three days training before hand. The enumerators are also required to know the enumeration areas assigned to them very well; it is therefore desirable that the enumerators selected live in or very near the area of their assignment.
The 2010 Population Census questionnaire contains about 40 questions related to information on housing conditions and facilities of the living quarters, as well as infornation regarding the household and individual characteristics. The census questionnaires are presently being developed taking into considerations of the relevant United Nations recommendations as well as the suitability of the items collected to meet local conditons.
The peak of the census operations will be during the month of May 2010 where field enumeration will be taking place simultaneously overall the geographical area of Indonesia. On 31st of May 2000, final checking will be carried out simultaneously for any recent changes of the household composition due to vital events that have occured during the month of May in the household including births, deaths and movement of the members as well as canvasing the homeless and nomadic population. 31 May will be designated as the Census Date of the 2010 Population Census of Indonesia.
The 2010 Population census has been designed to meet various data needs, including as
- the basis for updating population data bases up to the lowest level of administrative unit (desa/kelurahan);
- valuable input in monitoring the progress for achieving the millenium development goals (MDG);
- the basis for preparing small area statistics;
- basis for preparing population projection;
- the basic data in developing sampling frame for various surveys conducted between 2010 -2020;
- the basis for developing population registers and population administration sytem.
b. Paddy Field Mapping Survey (Ministry of Agriculture, 2010-2014)
The survey that will be conducted in July-December 2010 is designed to create detail map of paddy field using high-resolution satelite image. The survey will produce basic map of paddy field that can be used for rice production estimation more accurately.
c. Beef Cattle Population Census (Ministry of Agriculture, 2010)
This census is conducted to collect complete cattle information such as population, cattle composition either by sex or age. The census will be done in all provinces and all districts.
c. Carcass Survey for Ruminat Animals (Ministry of Agriculture 2010)
The objectives of this survey is to obtain information on: carcass weight, carcass conversion to live weight, carcass conversion to meat, and edible offal to carcass.
d. Fishery Statistics 2010
As an archipelagic Country fishery data are very important for the economic indicator in Indonesia. In 2009, BPS made collaboration with the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries for making survey on Fisherman Exchange Number and re-counting data on Fish Processing and Marketing, based on the data from Economic Census 2006.
Beside those data, MMAF conducted survey for Fisheries Data 2009 on production, number of vessels, and area of aquaculture, number of fisherman and fish farmers, fisherman household, fish consumption, etc.
c.1 Fisherman Exchange Number
The purpose of conducting this survey is to get indicator related with the welfare of fisherman and fish farmers, to be combined with the income and Human Development Index at coastal area. This comparison between spending and income, conducted monthly throughout The Country.
c.2 Fish Processing and Marketing Data
Before 2009, the economic data on Fisheries mostly are on capture fisheries and aquaculture. This study was doing by BPS collaboration with MMAF to adopt result of Economic Census 2006 related with date on fish processing and marketing. The data including the number of fish processing units, number of labours, production and facilities.
c.3 Fisheries Statistics
Other than The Fisherman Exchange Number and the fish processing and marketing data, the data are collected by MMAF through the local officials, such as production, number of fisherman, fisherman household, number of vessels, area of aquaculture. However for some data are collected from other institutions, such as export and import data are supplied by The Ministry of Commerce.
2 Main Characteristics of The Agricultural Statistical System
For the main characteristics of the agricultural statistical system please refer to the attached updated matrix.
3 Recent Changes in The Statistical Organization Relating to food and Agriculture
The national statistical system in Indonesia is centralized, but accommodate the
Socio-economic indicators needed in the decentralization era. Under the system, BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik)-Statistics Indonesia, hereafter called as BPS, has been appointed as the main agency to compile statistics in a very wide area of interests, such as agriculture, social, economics and culture, to meet the need of the government and public. The Director General of BPS is directly under and responsible to the President. The legal basis of BPS activities, including for conducting agricultural censuses and surveys, was stated in:
Law No. 16 (1997) – covers the activities of statistics.
Government Regulation No. 51 (1999) – deals with the implementation of statistics.
President Decree No. 3 (2002) jo President Decree No. 103 (2003) – about position task, function and organization of Non-Departmental Government Institutions.
Since March 2008, BPS-Statistics Indonesia has been reorganized. In the new organization structure, Deputy Directorate General for Economic Statistics is divided into two deputies. Deputy Directorate General for Distribution Statistics and Deputy Directorate General for Production Statistics. Mainly, agricultural statistics, especially production statistics, are conducted under the Deputy Directorate General for Production Statistics. Directorate of Agricultural statistics is split into two directorates as well; Directorate of Food Crops, Horticulture, and Estate Crops Statistics and Directorate of Livestock, Fishery, and Forestry Statistics. Furthermore, the Directorate of Food Crops, Horticulture, and Estate Crops Statistics is divided into three sub directorates as follows:
a. Sub Directorate of Food Crops Statistics
b. Sub Directorate of Horticulture Statistics
c. Sub Directorate of Estate Crops Statistics.
Whilst the Directorate of Livestock, Fishery, and Forestry Statistics is divided into three sub directorates as follows:
a. Sub Directorate of Livestock Statistics
b. Sub Directorate of Fishery Statistics
c. Sub Directorate of Forestry Statistics.
Contact person for each directorates and sub directorates are listed below:
· Directorate of Food Crops, Horticulture, and Estate Crops Statistics
Ardief Achmad (e-mail: )
· Sub Directorate of Food Crops Statistics:
Jainun Lumban Gaol (e-mail: )
· Sub Directorate of Horticulture Statistics:
Sri Sayekti (e-mail: )
· Sub Directorate of Estate Crops Statistics:
Rita Setiyawati (e-mail: )
· Directorate of Livestock-Fishery-Forestry Statistics
Bambang Heru (e-mail: )
· Sub Directorate of Livestock Statistics:
Hasnizar Nasution (e-mail: )
· Sub Directorate of Fishery Statistics:
Sigit Purnomo (e-mail: )
· Sub Directorate of Forestry Statistics:
Sri Wiyadi (e-mail: )
3 Availability Statistics on Farmer’s Income
Farmer welfare improvement has been a priority in economic development in the country. One key in improving farmer quality of life is optimal price at farmer level that provides an optimal profit either to farmer as the producers and the whole people in the country as the consumers. In order to develop appropriate and effective plan in farmer welfare improvement, reliable and up to date information on social economic condition of farm household and production cost structure are very important. Complete information on cost structures provides reliable foundation in determining the optimum price. In order to fulfil the requirement, BPS-Statistics Indonesia has conducted a farm income survey in 2004 (SPP04), as part of Agricultural Census 2003.
The Farm Income Survey was conducted in order to gain accurate and up to date information on the agricultural household income as well as the income structure by sub sector. The data is urgent and essential to evaluate the development progress that has been planned and implemented by the government. Finally, the evaluation result will be used in further development planning especially the development of agricultural household welfare.
Farmer income survey (SPP04) was implemented with some goals as follows
a. Acquisition of agricultural household income as well as the income structure by sub sector.
b. Acquisition of data of land occupation, utilization, conversion, and mutation.
c. Acquisition of data of socio-economic condition of agricultural households.
Farmer Income Survey 2004 was conducted in June 2004 in all provinces in Indonesia. Nationally, the total sample was 357,770 agricultural households or around 1.42 percent of the total agricultural households. The survey produced some core indicators such as demography, farmer’s level of education, main income source, socio-economic, capital, and constraints.
4 Recent Innovative Activity
a. Cattle Identification and Registration System (Ministry of Agriculture, 2010-2012)
The development of cattle identification and registration systems is aimed to provide a way of monitoring the dynamic and structure of population every year. The system will be develop starting this year, and with this system every cattle should be registered and given an identification using barcode, so that it can be identified easily. The identification card will contain country code, province code, district code, race of cattle, id nunumber, owner id, date of birth, sex, medical history, etc.
b. National Survey of Livestock and Marine/Fishery Terms of Trade
As shown in the Indonesia’s GDP, the contribution on value-added of agricultural sector is expected still to be significant high. However, the lab our occupation in this sector still relatively higher than that, or the productivity is low. On another hand, the opposite trend is showed in secondary and tertiary sectors. As a result, more agricultural statistic indicators should be created to fulfil adequate analysis. The National Survey of Livestock and Marine/Fishery Terms of Trade are aimed to address the issue.
5 Structure of the Statistical System, Institution, and Responsibilities
As mention in 2, BPS is a Non-Departmental Government Institution under the directives of and directly responsible to the President. Under the head-office in Jakarta, there are 33 BPS Provinces, and there are some Regional/Municipalities in each province. Up to 2010, there are 33 provincial offices and 497 Regency/Municipalities offices. On the other hand, in line with decentralization era, the number of regency/municipality government grew has been growing rapidly.
6 Funding Source of the Different Institution Dealing With Agricultural
Statistics
6.1 National
Main source of fund to support agricultural statistics is supplied by central government budget via APBN (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara) or National Budget that can be divided into two kinds. First, budget from APBN straight come to BPS budget, and the budget from APBN via other government institutions. In this case, other government institution, as users, asks a statistical indicator or data and BPS does surveys in account of those institution budgets.