Immigration and Industrialization Unit 4 Study Guide
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1. Why did people move to the United States during this time period? Push factors. People leave their native countries for several reasons. These are called PUSH factors, or negative reasons. Reasons: war, violence, lack of jobs, limits on freedoms (speech, religion and property), limits on freely practicing their religion, bad climate, lack of land.
2. Were people moving from the urban areas to the rural areas or from the rural areas to the urban areas? Why? When large numbers of people move from rural (farms/country) areas to the urban (city) areas it is called urbanization. The reasons for a move like this would be industrialization. When factories in cities grow they need to hire more people. This increase in jobs attracts people to more to the cities.
3. What were some of the problem associated with the large number of immigrants that moved to the United States?
a. Overcrowding in the cities
i. Lack of places to live
ii. Run down housing (slums)
b. Immigrants were willing to work longer hours and take less pay than Americans
i. Americans could lose their jobs to immigrants
4. Which port of entry in the United States would you come through if you were leaving a country in Southeastern Europe? Ellis Island, New York. (E or Ellis and Europe)
5. Which port of entry in the United States would you come through if you were leaving a country in Asia? Angel Island, Califonia (A for Angel and Asia)
6. What was the name of the railroad that was built from Nebraska to the west? The Union Pacific Railroad. (Nebraska is in the center of our country and the this part of the railroad is going west to the coast, the Union to the Pacific)
7. What group of people were the primary workers on the railroad heading west? The Irish. This was because the Irish had come from Europe through Ellis Island and settled in the eastern part of the United States.
8. What was the name of the railroad that was built from Sacramento (California) to the east? The Central Pacific Railroad. This part of the transcontinental railroad started in Sacramento, California and went east.
9. What group of people were the primary workers on the railroad heading east? The Chinese. People who immigrated to the United States from Asia (China) came through Angel Island and settled in the western part of the United States.
10. What were the main reasons the Native Americans were pushed off of their land in the plains? For their land; Americans wanted Native American land to build railroads, farms and ranches.
11. What animal did the Native Americans depend on for their basic necessities?
a. The buffalo
12. The United States had a policy to move the Native Americans from the plains to reservations. How did the Native Americans respond or react to this policy? Some willingly moved (treaties) and other used violence.
13. What was the Dawes Act and did it work? The Dawes Act (1887) was created to put Indians (Native Americans) in the mainstream of “American Life”.
a. Indians got 160 acres and if accepted, they would get American citizenship
b. The government was to provide funds/money to make schools to educate Indian children
c. The Dawes Act did not work due to Indian resistance
14. What happened at Wounded Knee? The United States Cavalry was sent to arrest Indians for taking part in the Ghost Dance at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. The dance was a way for the Indians to communicate with their dead ancestors to ask for advice. Someone (unknown who) fired a shot. The U. S. Cavalry officers were on edge about the gathering of the Indians, thinking they were getting ready to attack, so they began to fire on the Indians,. 290 Indian men. Women and children were killed
15. What were the conditions of the Homestead Act? The act was created to encourage farmers to settle in the west,. For a $10 fee any citizen would purchase 160 but they had to
a. Build a house on the land and live on it. This condition prevented people from buying the land and selling for profit.
b. Farm the land for 5 years
16. What kind of life style did the people who moved to the plains have? This was a very hard life. There were very few trees so the people had to build their houses out of sod. The tall prairie grass with its long deep roots was hard to remove to make the land ready to farm. A lot of people were not prepared for this hard life and they moved back east.
17. Cattle drives lasted for about 20 years. Why did the cattle business die out?
a. Over grazing
b. Drought
c. Barbed wire
d. Bad weather
e. Ranch wars
f. Sheep ranchers
18. What happen to the Native American children who attended the Indian Schools?
a. They learned English and white man’s religion
b. They did not have contact with their tribes and families
c. After leaving the Indian schools the Indian children had a hard time being accepted into American society and when they tried to go back to their tribes they also had trouble because they did not know the language or customs. There was a high level of suicide among the children who attended the Indian schools
19. Who invented the incandescent lamp and how did this change the lives of Americans? Thomas Edison. In order to sell light bulbs Edison would have to find away to provide electricity to homes and business. He created the first central electric power station that made electricity available to American businesses and homes. The telephone and electric power help the growth of businesses.
20. How did Henry Ford use the assembly line to produce automobiles? Ford used the process of moving the product to the worker to decrease the amount of time it took to make a car. Ford did not invent the assembly line he but he used it in such an efficient way that he was able to make a car in 93 minutes which increased his profits.
21. What is Laissez Faire Economics mean? “Hands off economics”. During this time period the government had little involvement in business. There was little regulation or enforcement of laws. This allows business to grow but later there are problems with monopolies and unfair treatment of employees.
22. What is a tariff? A tariff is a tax placed on items that are brought into the United States to sell. This was used to help protect American industries by making products from other countries more expensive to sell in the U.S.
23. What is vertical consolidation and who practiced this type of business? Andrew Carnegie. Vertical Consolidation (Vertical Integration) which is a form of business in which a manufacturing corporation acquires firms that contributes to the completion of a finished product. (Owning a part of every step of the process to make a product).
a. Example: owning a mine, a railroad and steel mill
b. Buying one of everything in the game of Monopoly
24. What is horizontal consolidation and who practiced this type of business? John D Rockefeller. Horizontal Consolidation (Horizontal Integration) which is a form of business organization in which a corporation acquires rival companies for the purpose of eliminating competition. (owing all of one type of business)
a. Example: owning all the oil wells or refineries
b. Buying all the railroads or all the properties of the same color in the game of Monopoly
25. Why did unions immerge during this time period and what did they do? Unions were needed to address the problems in the factories. At first the idea of unions was not welcome by the public, government or business owners. After there are incidents of violence against striking workers unions are seen as a way to address issues.
a. Unsafe working conditions
b. Low pay
c. 12 hour work days, 6 days a week
d. Very poor relations between owners and workers.
26. What was the Sherman Anti-trust act? This act made monopolies illegal. What is a monopoly? A company that wipes out its competitors and controls an industry.
27. What did the Civil Service Act do? Those who wanted a federal job had to pass a test to prove they are competitive to do the job
28. When and where was the meeting that started the suffrage movement for women’s right s ? July 11, 1848, Seneca Falls, New York. It is important to realize that the women’s suffrage movement was going on at the same time as the fight for abolition and equality for blacks.
29. Which amendment helped women in their push for suffrage? The 14th Amendment. The amendment says that “All person born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction therof, are citizens of the United States…” The women’s suffrage movement used this to prove that women are citizens and should be able to vote.
30. What was the temperance movement? The temperance movement goal was to get alcohol banned. This group saw that the use of alcohol was impacting workers and business because of poor work and attendance.