Honors Biology Mini-Midterm 2012-2013
Purpose: This mini-midterm will help you study for the midterm exam. Do not solely rely on these questions as they do not cover the entire spectrum of your midterm.
1. Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
A. Lipids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Protein
2. Glycogen (starch) is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by
A. plants
B. animals
C. bacteria
D. fungi
3. Polypeptides are chains of many amino acids joined by
A. denaturation
B. Peptide bonds
C. pH and temperature
D. Nucleic acids
E. Proteins
4. When proteins lose their normal shape and configuration the protein is
A. assembled.
B. delivered to the ribosomes.
C. denatured.
D. ionized.
5. Triglyerides are glycerol joined to three fatty acids by
A. hydrolysis
B. Photosynthesis
C. Dehydration synthesis
D. None of the above
E. all of the above
6. Saturated fats have _____double bonds between their carbon atoms.
A. 2
B. one
C. 3 or more
D. no
E. none of the above
7. Carbon is able to form an immense diversity of organic molecules because of carbon's…
A. tendency to form covalent bonds
B. ability to bond with up to four other atoms
C. capacity to form single and double bonds
D. all the above
8. Which of the following does NOT describe a polymer?
A. polymers are made of monomers
B. polymers usually form by covalent bonding
C. polymers are broken down by the process of hydrogenation
D. polymers are large molecules
9. Which one of the following is an amino group?
A. OH
B. NH2
C. COOH
D. CH3
10. A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n)
A. oil
B. steroid
C. protein
D. polysaccharide
11. An example of an important organic molecule that may contain the NH2 group is
A. triglyceride
B. starch
C. glucose
D. enzyme
12. Many names for sugars end in the suffix
A. acid
B. ose
C. ase
D. hyde
13. The formation of large, repetitive organic molecules from small monomers is a/an _________ reaction
A. dehydration synthesis
B. dehydration
C. reduction
D. hydrolysis
14. Monosaccharides are determined by which of the following groups?
A. carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ration of 1:2:1
B. the presence of carbon and hydrogen in a ration of 1:2
C. a carboxyl group
D. a molecule of three to six carbons
15. A molecule that ends in ase would be a(n)
A. lipid
B. enzyme
C. fatty acid
D. carbohydrate
16. Lactose intolerance is the inability to
A. produce milk proteins
B. produce lactose
C. digest cellulose
D. digest lactose
17. A person may become lactose intolerant if their intestinal glands do not produce enough
A. maltase enzyme
B. lactase enzyme
C. lactose enzyme
D. maltose enzyme
18. When you eat starch such as spaghetti, an enzyme in your mouth breaks it down to maltose. Eventually, the maltose enters your small intestine, where it is broken down to glucose, which you can absorb into your bloodstream. The starch is a _____, the maltose is a ______ and the glucose is a(n) _________.
A. protein, dipeptide, amino acid
B. monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
C. polysaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide
D. triglyceride, fatty acid, glycerol
19. Proteins are made up of
A. sugars
B. nucleotides
C. steroids
D. amino acids
20. All cells possess all the following components EXCEPT
A) cytoplasm.
B) genetic material.
C) nuclear membrane.
D) plasma cell membrane.
E) ribosomes.
21. What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
A) a plasma membrane
B) a nuclear membrane
C) ribosomes
D) enzymes
E) DNA
22. Prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells possess
A) mitochondria.
B) chloroplasts.
C) a cytoskeleton.
D) ribosomes.
E) a nucleus.
23. Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A) Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA.
B) Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA.
C) Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid.
D) Prokaryotes have a nucleoid region eukaryotes have a nucleus.
24. Which pair of organelles is responsible for energy supply to eukaryotic cells?
A. ribosomes and mitochondria
B. chloroplasts and ribosomes
C. Golgi bodies and ribosomes
D. mitochondria and lysosomes
E. chloroplasts and mitochondria
25. Using ATP to move molecules out of the cell would be an example of
A. facilitated diffusion
B. active transport
C. simple diffusion
D. osmosis
26. Energy is released when a hydrogen is lost from NADH, creating NAD+. This reaction occurs faster with the help of a(n)
A. carbohydrate
B. lipid
C. nucleic acid
D. enzyme
27. What type of bonds are found in the electron-sharing atoms of ATP?
A. covalent bonding
B. ionic bonding
C. polarized bonding
D. carbonized bonding
28 – 30. Identify each macromolecule. Use the diagrams on the next page.
A) disaccharide
B) fatty acid
C) amino acid
D) glucose
28.
29.
30.
31. What does oxygen allow humans to do?
A) breathe
B) produce food
C) digest food
D) produce ATP from food
E) both C and D
32. Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.
A) 1; 2
B) 3; 3
C) 1; 3
D) 2; 2
E) 2; 3
33. ATP typically powers reactions in cells when
A) ATP gives up two of its phosphate groups to become AMP.
B) ATP gives up all three of its phosphate groups.
C) ATP gives up one phosphate group to become ADP.
D) ADP adds a phosphate group to become ATP.
34. Where does the energy to add a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP come from?
A) vitamins
B) enzymes
C) food we eat
D) breathing
E) none of the above
35. How many phosphate groups are attached to ATP?
A) 5
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1
E) 4
36. What molecule receives the majority of the electrons from the food that we eat?
A) CO2
B) FAD+
C) NAD+
D) glucose
E) ATP
37. Which of the following is the correct order of the three stages of aerobic respiration?
A) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
B) electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis,
C) Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport,
D) electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
E) Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
38. When NADH donates its electrons to the electron transport chain, which of the following is true?
A) NADH is reduced to NAD+. C) NADH is reduced to NADH2
B) NADH is oxidized to NADH2. D) NADH is oxidized to NAD+
39. Which of the following is NOT a product of aerobic respiration?
A) water
B) oxygen
C) ATP
D) CO2
E) These are all products of aerobic respiration.
40. The majority of ATP in aerobic respiration is produced during
A) Krebs cycle.
B) glycolysis.
C) electron transport chain.
D) Equal amounts of ATP are produced during each of these.
E) ATP is not produced during any of these.
41. Which of the following is true of fermentation?
A) Animals can produce alcohol by fermentation.
B) Animals produce lactic acid by fermentation.
C) Humans can survive for long periods of time on fermentation.
D) Humans cannot ever perform fermentation.
42. Which of the following explains why your muscles burn when you go running?
A) Your muscles can't digest food, so the food is accumulating in your muscles.
B) Your muscles start doing fermentation, and lactic acid is accumulating in your muscles.
C) Your muscles start doing fermentation and alcohol is accumulating in your muscles.
D) Your muscles have no oxygen, so they can't digest food and are starving.
E) Your muscles are running out of food, so your muscles are being digested to get energy.
43. Glycolysis occurs in the cells
A) cytoplasm.
B) mitochondria.
C) golgi apparatus.
D) plasma membrane.
E) nucleus.
44. When ATP is forming by adding a phosphate to ADP this is a type of ___________ reaction.
A) exergonic
B) endergonic
C) light
D) dark
45. When ATP loses a phosphate forming ADP this is a type of ______________ reaction.
A) exergonic
B) light
C) endergonic
D) dark
46. The Krebs cycle is carried out during
A) fermentation.
B) aerobic respiration.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
47. Glycolysis occurs in the ________ and the Krebs’s cycle occurs in the ________.
A) cytoplasm; nucleus
B) cytoplasm; cytoplasm
C) cytoplasm; mitochondria
D) mitochondria; cytoplasm
E) mitochondria; mitochondria
48. ATP is produced during
A) the electron transport chain.
B) the Krebs cycle.
C) glycolysis.
D) both A and B
E) A, B, and C
49. The electrons carried by FADH and ________________ are released into the ETC and transported along its chain of molecules.
A) ATP
B) NADH
C) H2O
D) ADP
50. During ATP formation ____________________ is the enzyme that facilitates the attachment of the phosphate molecule to ADP.
A) NAD
B) FAD
C) ATP synthase
D) H+
51. NADH is produced during
A) the Krebs cycle.
B) glycolsis.
C) the electron transport chain.
D) both A and B
E) A, B, and C
52. FADH2 is produced during
A) glycolysis.
B) the electron transport chain.
C) the Krebs cycle.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
53. Humans require oxygen to
A) enter the Krebs cycle as an intermediate.
B) perform fermentation.
C) breathe.
D) serve as a final hydrogen acceptor during the electron transport chain.
E) start glycolysis.
54. Glycolysis occurs in the ________, the Krebs’s cycle occurs in the ________, and the electron transport chain occurs in the ________ membrane?
A) mitochondria; mitochondria; mitochondria
B) cytoplasm; mitochondria; mitochondria
C) mitochondria; cytoplasm; plasma
D) cytoplasm; cytoplasm; plasma
E) cytoplasm; mitochondria; plasma
55. Which of the following explains why plants create O2?
A) During CO2 fixation they create O2.
B) When they respire they create O2.
C) They create O2 when they drink H2O.
D) During the light dependent reactions they create O2 when H2O donate electrons to photosystem II during the splitting of the water molecule..
E) None of the above is correct.
56. Both energy derived from ________ and ________ are needed to produce ____________ during the Calvin Cycle.
A) ADP, NADP , O2
B) ATP, NADPH, sugar
C) Stroma, ADP, H2O
57. During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis,
A) the water molecule is split releasing oxygen.
B) A unstable six carbon molecule is formed.
C) The Krebs cycle occurs.
D) CO2 is fixed into glucose.
E) Both A and B
58. DDT was sprayed over Lake George. DDT is toxic and affects the wildlife in the water. People on the coast ate the fish from the lake and were getting sick. This phenomenon can be referred to as…
A) biogenesis
B) biomagnification
C) biogeochemical cycles
D) detoxification
59. Legumes help farmers by…
A. adding nitrogen to the soil.
B. adding phosphorus to the soil
C. helping the soil retain water better
D. increasing plants rate of photosynthesis