Piano Tuning 1 WVDE Code 2191
1. Standard 1: Demonstrate knowledge of basic safety rules and equipment as it relates to piano tuning and repair. (2191.S.2)
Basic safety rules and equipment objectives
Students will
2191.1.1. Recognize and follow general shop and safety guidelines
2191.1.2. Select and wear appropriate protective equipment
2191.1.3. Demonstrate the proper selection and use of fire extinguishers.
2191.1.4. Identify and demonstrate proper use and care of all basic personal safety equipment.
2191.1.5. Describe safety precautions necessary when using hazardous materials
2191.1.6. Use proper lifting techniques
Standard 2: Demonstrate knowledge of piano keyboard (2191S.3)
Keyboard Objectives
Students will:
.
2191.2.1. Name keys
2191.2.2 Explain keyboard interval conventions (half step/whole step
2191.2.3 Identify and use interval abbreviations.
2191.2.4 Employ a chromatic scale in the key of C
2191.2.5 Employ a whole tone scale in the key of C
2191.2.6 Find the interval of a third by ½ steps
2191.2.7 Find the interval of a 4th by ½ steps
2191.2.8 Find the interval of a 5th by ½ steps
2191.2.9 Find the interval of a 6th by ½ steps
2191.2.10 Find a minor third by ½ steps
2191.2.11 Find a minor 6th by ½ steps
2191.2.12 Identify and locate octaves by numbers 1 through 7
2191.2.13 Identify the lowest major second as A0, A#0, B0
2191.2.14 Locate intervals and notes by numbered octave locations
Standard 3: Demonstrate a knowledge of key - action – string - pin relationship (tactually)
Key Pin objectives
Student will:
2191.3.1 Locate keys within each break, low, middle and high
2191.3.2 Locate action and associative key relationship
2191.3.3 Locate strings monochord, bichord, and trichord and their associative pins
Standard 4: Demonstrate a knowledge of tuning pin layout for the upright and grand piano styles
Pin Time objectives
Student will:
2191.4.1. Determine tuning pin layouts for the upright (tactually).
2191.4.2. Determine tuning pin layout for the Grand piano (tactually).
Standard 5: Demonstrate a knowledge of muting techniques (tactual) and tools upright and grand piano styles
Muting objectives
2191.5.1 Demonstrate muting techniques with the temperament strip.
2191.5.2 Demonstrate muting techniques using rubber mutes.
2191.5.3 Demonstrate muting techniques using fingers.
Standard 6: Demonstrate a knowledge of tuning hammer operation and set up
Tuning Hammer objectives
Students will:
2191.6.1 Demonstrate knowledge of tuning hammer and adaptations for the upright piano.
2191.6.2 Make proper adjustment of the tuning hammer for the grand piano and over sized pins.
2191.6.3 Demonstrate appropriate grip used to achieve greatest accuracy.
2191.6.4 Demonstrate the method used to move the lever with the greatest control sharp or flat.
2191.6.5 Employ string and pin setting technique (test strike)
2191.6.6 Tune stable unisons
Standard 7: Demonstrate a knowledge and use of tuning forks C = 523.3 and A = 440 CPS
Tuning fork objectives
Students will:
2191.7.1 Demonstrate the proper striking and hearing of the tuning fork
2191.7.2 Select the proper tuning fork, C=523.3 CPS or A=440 CPS
2191.7.3 Demonstrate comparing the tuning to fork to a muted target note C4 or A3 and
recognizing beat differentiations for pitch setting.
2191.7.4 Use tests related to pitch setting within tolerance of A=440 CPS or C 523.3 CPS
Standard 8: Demonstrate a knowledge and use of harmonics and harmonic sequence
Harmonic sequence objectives
Students will:
2191.8.1 Demonstrate an understanding of a harmonic sequence from each note
2191.8.2 Hear and identify the harmonics of coincident partial pairs
2191.8.3 Focus on beat-rates of coincident partials
2191.8.4 Describe beats created by phase cancellation.
Standard 9: Identify, explore and evaluate career opportunities related to piano tuning. (2191.S.1)
Standard 9: Career Opportunities Related to Piano Tuning.
Students will
2191.9.1 Describe a variety of careers related to piano tuning and repair and the training
necessary to be successful in those careers.
2191.9.2 Develop appropriate attitudes and behaviors required to succeed in careers in the field of
piano tuning and repair.
2191.9.3 Identify source information about careers in piano tuning and repair.
2191.9.4 List professional organizations in the field of piano tuning
2191.9.5 List wholesale suppliers to the trade of piano tuning and repair.
Standard 10: Identify basic hand tools, demonstrate safe and appropriate use and storage.
Hand tools objectives
Students will:
2191.10.1 Choose the proper hand tools for the given applications and describe the proper care and
maintenance of each.
2191.10.2 Demonstrate adjustments possible with each tool
2191.10.3 Demonstrate organization techniques and proper storage for transportation.
Standard 11: Identify basic power tools (portable and stationary) and demonstrate safe and appropriate use
Power Tools Objectives
Students will:
2191.11.1 Choose proper power tool for a given application.
2191.11.2 Recognize and identify appropriate blade or bit for given situation and demonstrate the
ability to change blades and bits
2191.11.3 Demonstrate possible adjustments to power tools.
2191.11.4 Describe proper care and maintenance of power tools and machinery.
Standard 12: Laboratory Investigations/Hands-on Learning (2191.S.9)
Laboratory Investigations/hands-on Learning Objectives
Students will: Students will safely conduct laboratory investigation and exploratory learning.
2191.12.1 Engage in active inquiries, investigations, and hands-on activities for a minimum of 50 percent of the instructional time to develop conceptual understanding and laboratory skills.
2191.12.2 Conduct explorations in a variety of environments (e.g., laboratories and outdoor locations).
2191.12.3 Use computers and other electronic technologies (e.g., computer, Cyber tuner,CBL, laserdiscs, Internet) to collect, analyze and/or report data, interact with simulations, and research.
Piano Tuning 2 WVDE Code 2191
Standard 13: Demonstrate a knowledge and use of harmonic to find coincident harmonics
Coincident harmonic objectives
Students will:
2191.13.1 Find and document the coincident partial of a 3rd.
2191.13.2 Find and document the coincident partial of 4th.
2191.13.3 Find and document the coincident partial of a 5th.
2191.13.4 Find and document the coincident partial of a 6th.
2191.13.5 Find and document the coincident partial of a minor 6th.
2191.13.6 Find and document the coincident partial of a minor 3rd.
2191.13.7 Find and document the coincident partial used in a 10th.
2191.13.8 Find and document the coincident partial used in a 17th.
2191.13.9 Find and document the coincident partial used in an octave
2191.13.10 Find and document the coincident used in a double octave
2191.13.11 Tune pure 2:1 octaves in the bass, midrange and treble
2191.13.12 Tune pure 4:2 octaves in the bass, midrange and treble
2191.13.13 Tune pure 6:3 octaves in the bass, midrange and treble
2191.13.14 Tune just fifths and fourths within an octave
2191.13.15 Tune a pure unison.
Standard 14: Demonstrate a knowledge and use of expansion and contraction of intervals
Expansion and contraction objectives
Students will:
2191.14.1 Demonstrate an understanding of which direction to move the tuning lever to expand the
intervals 3rd, 4th and 6th
2191.14.2 Demonstrate an understanding of which direction to move the tuning lever to contract
intervals 5th and the minor 3rd.
Standard 15: Demonstrate a knowledge of setting intervals to beats rates used in tempering intervals
Interval tempering objectives
Students will:
2191.15.1 Count beats per second against a metronome or a second hand
2191.15.2 Count beats over 5 seconds using a metronome or a second hand
2191.15.3 Set the interval 3rd expanded to 5 beats per second.
2191.15.4 Set the intervals of 4th and 5th to 3 beats over 5 seconds
Standard 16: Demonstrate a knowledge of tuning intervals and test intervals for temperament setting
Temperament setting objectives
Students will:
2191.16.1 Count and tune intervals to specific beat rates
2191.16.2 Follow an equal temperament formula 3rd, 3rd , 5th
2191.16.3 Set a temperament of fifths and fourths using appropriate tests
2191.16.4 Play ascending intervals as a test
2191.16.5 Tune a temperament of thirds and fifths with appropriate tests
2191.16.6 Refine the midrange with contiguous P5/P4 comparison tests
2191.16.7 Employ contiguous thirds to start a temperament
Standard 17: Demonstrate a knowledge of tuning the extremities (upper treble and bass)
Extremities setting objectives
Students will:
2191.17.1 Refine bass tuning in AO-C3
2191.17.2 Use the minor 3rd major 6th test down to octave C2
2191.17.3 Tune 8:4 and 10:5 octaves in the low bass
2191.17.4 Employ parallel interval tests M 10ths, M17ths and M21s
2191.17.5 Tune 4:1 double octaves
2191.17.6 Employ the M6-M17 test in octaves 5 and 6
2191.17.7 Tune octave 5 and 6 (treble) using the M3-M10-M17 tests
2191.17.8 Tune the top octave C7-C8 (high treble)
2191.17.9 Participate on a prototype master tuning session (pre RPT exam)
2191.17.10 Tune pianos (unsupervised) as assigned
2191.17.11 Tune a piano (supervised)
Standard 18: Employ pitch raising techniques
Pitch raising objectives:
Students will:
2191.18.1 Report on and demonstrate knowledge of pitch raising procedures
2191.18.2 Establish a piano to concert pitch
Standard 19: Laboratory Investigations/Hands-on Learning (2191.s. 9)
Laboratory Investigations/hands-on Learning Objectives
Students will safely conduct laboratory investigation and exploratory learning.
2191.19.1 Engage in active inquiries, investigations, and hands-on activities for a minimum
of 50 percent of the instructional time to develop conceptual understanding and laboratory skills.
2191.19.2 Conduct explorations in a variety of environments (e.g., laboratories and outdoor locations).
2191.19.3 Use computers and other electronic technologies (e.g., computer, Cyber tuner,CBL, laserdiscs, Internet) to collect, analyze and/or report data, interact with simulations, and research.
Standard 20: Work-based Experiential Programs (Supervised Piano Tuningl Experience Programs)
Work-based Experiential Programs Objectives
Students will:
2191.20.1 Complete and summarize record book of enterprises related to students Supervised Piano Tuning Experience Program.
2191.20.2 Calculate efficiency factors related to students Supervised Piano Tuning Experience Program.
Piano Repair 1 WVDE Code 2191
Standard 21: Apply Vertical Piano Action Regulation Concepts. (2191.S.4)
Vertical Action Regulation Objectives
Students will:
2191.21.1 Identify Parts of the Upright piano
2191.21.2 Explain the function of upright action parts
2191.21.3 Select proper regulation tools
2191.21.4 Perform preliminary alignment of the action in the vertical piano
2191.21.5 Tighten action screws
2191.21.6 Travel hammers to the strings
2191.21.7 Position dampers to the strings
2191.21.8 Perform preliminary alignment of keys, whippens and wires
2191.21.9 Properly square keys
2191.21.10 Accurately align back checks to whippens
2191.21.11 Identify and inspect rail cloth
2191.21.12 Adjust key spacing
2191.21.13 Choose hammer blow and key dip settings
2191.21.14 Adjust lost motion
2191.21.15 Accurately level keys
2191.21.16 Adjust key dip settings
2191.21.17 Set let off adjustments
2191.21.18 Adjust back check distance
2191.21.19 Set sharp key dip
2191.21.20 Regulate dampers
2191.21.21 Align and regulate damper pedal lift
2191.21.22 Adjust damper spoons
2191.21.23 Accurately position bridle wires
2191.21.24 Set soft pedal motion
2191.21.25 Employ the use of touch weights
2191.21.26 Troubleshoot action problems, bobbling hammers
2191.21.27 Troubleshoot action problems, sticking keys
2191.21.28 Regulate an upright action model, pre RPT exam
Standard 22: Repair of upright and grand pianos. (2191.S.5)
Piano Repair Objectives
Students will:
2191.22.1 Demonstrate the use and care of piano technicians tools.
2191.22.2 Demonstrate the care and use of measuring gages.
2191.22.3 Identify and employ the use of piano action cloth
2191.22.4 Identify and use proper lubricants
2191.22.5 Re-bush upright and grand piano flanges
2191.22.6 Measure center pins
2191.22.7 Re-bush keys
2191.22.8 Make repairs of the piano key
2191.22.9 Replace vertical hammer shanks
2191.22.10 Replace and align hammer heads in the treble
2191.22.11 Replace and align hammer heads in the bass
2191.22.12 Replace upright damper felt in the treble
2191.22.13 Replace upright bass damper felt
2191.22.14 Replace grand damper felt in the treble
2191.22.15 Replace grand damper felt in the bass
2191.22.16 Replace action springs
2191.22.17 Replace pedal springs
2191.22.18 Replace wheels
2191.22.19 Use piano tilt dolly
2191.22.20 Make tuning pin string coils
2191.22.21 Measure tuning pins
2191.22.22 Use piano pin-block support jacks
2191.22.23 Drive and level tuning pins
2191.22.24 Measure plain piano wire
2191.22.25 Replace individual strings in the treble
2191.22.26 Replace individual strings with a hitch pin loop
2191.22.27 Measure bass strings
2191.22.28 Replace individual bass strings
2191.22.29 Replace plain wire string sets
2191.22.30 Replace bass string sets
2191.22.31 Splice bass and treble strings
2191.22.32 File and
2191.22.33 shape hammers
2191.22.34 Voice hammers
2191.22.35 Repair stripped screw holes
2191.22.36 Clean piano sound board
2191.22.37 Clean and lubricate piano bridges
2191.22.38 Evaluate the condition of a piano plate
2191.22.39 Evaluate the condition of a piano pin block
2191.22.40 Evaluate the condition of a piano soundboard
2191.22.41 Shim cracks of the piano soundboard
2191.22.42 Evaluate the condition of piano bass and treble bridges
2191.22.43 Measure down bearing
2191.22.44 Lubricate bridge bearing surfaces
2191.22.45 Repair damaged bridge pins holes
Standard 23: Piano Design and Construction (2191.S.6)
Piano Design and Construction Objectives
Students will:
2191.23.1 Describe and report on piano development, key inventions and historic innovators of the
piano.
2191.23.2 Report on the construction techniques used to manufacture pianos.
2191.23.3 Report on the benefits and advantages and techniques of humidity control for pianos
Piano Repair 2 WVDE Code 2191
Standard 24: Grand piano action regulation (2191.S.7)
Grand piano action regulation objectives
Students will:
2191.24.1 Bed a key frame
2191.24.2 Properly position the key frame
2191.24.3 Travel hammers
2191.24.4 Angle hammers
2191.24.5 Space hammers
2191.24.6 Check and level piano strings to hammer face
2191.24.7 Properly square keys
2191.24.8 Accurately space keys
2191.24.9 Correctly level keys to specified key height
2191.24.10 Accurately center jacks
2191.24.11 Correctly space whippens
2191.24.12 Align back checks to hammer tails
2191.24.13 Choose and set hammer blow distance
2191.24.14 Choose and set key dip settings of the white keys
2191.24.15 Obtain proper after touch
2191.24.16 Understand and adjust let off
2191.24.17 Understand and adjust drop
2191.24.18 Adjust jack position
2191.24.19 Adjust repetition lever height
2191.24.20 Adjust hammer blow distance and sharp key dip
2191.24.21 Adjust back check angle and distance
2191.24.22 Adjust repetition springs
2191.24.23 Understand the operation of the grand damper system
2191.24.24 Correct sluggish dampers
2191.24.25 Adjust grand dampers for even lift from the key
2191.24.26 Adjust grand dampers for even lift from the pedal
2191.24.27 Employ a grand damper leveling jig
2191.24.28 Adjust the grand damper stop rail
2191.24.29 Adjust the grand damper sustain pedal
2191.24.30 Adjust the grand action shift pedal
2191.24.31 Adjust the sostenuto pedal
2191.24.32 Position the hammer rail
2191.24.33 Position the key stop rail
Standard 25: Demonstrate proper and safe use of piano moving Dollies, Skids and straps
Dollies and skids Objectives
Students will:
2191.25.1 Identify basic types of dollies and skids and safely use straps for proper placement.
2191.25.2 Use proper lifting technique
Standard 26: Laboratory Investigations/Hands-on Learning (2191.S.9
Students will safely conduct laboratory investigation and exploratory learning.
Laboratory Investigations/hands-on Learning Objectives
Students will:
2191.26.1 Engage in active inquiries, investigations, and hands-on activities for a minimum of 50 percent of the instructional time to develop conceptual understanding and laboratory skills.
2191.26.2 Properly and safely manipulate equipment, materials, chemicals, organisms, and models.
2191.263 Conduct explorations in a variety of environments (e.g., laboratories and outdoor locations).
2191.26.4 Use computers and other electronic technologies (e.g., computer, Cyber tuner,CBL, laserdiscs, Internet) to collect, analyze and/or report data, interact with simulations, and research.
Standard 27: Leadership Development in Piano Tuning (2191.S.10
Students will display leadership skills in Piano Tuning
Leadership Development in Piano Tuning Objectives
Students will:
2191.27.1 Present prepared and extemporaneous speeches on issues affecting the piano tuning field.
2191.27.2 Engage in Piano Technician Guild committees and leadership development activities.
2191.27.3 Model and exhibit community service.
Books and materials
Piano Servicing, Tuning, & Rebuilding
For The Professional The Student The Hobbyist
By Arthur A. Reblitz
ISBN 0-911572-12-0
PTG Piano Action Handbook
Compiled by Merle H. Mason
Embossed in one volume
By permission of the Publishers
The Piano Technicians Guild, Inc.
Braille edition
American Printing House for the Blind
Grand and spinet Pianos
By Edward H. Menke
Large Print and Braille
American Printing House For the Blind
Louisville, Kentucky
00212-01
Piano Tuning and allied Arts
William Braid White