European Colonization of the Americas

European Colonization of the Americas

A Spanish Empire

s A colony is an area settled by immigrants who are ruled by the parent country

s Spain was the first country to colonize America

s They colonize much of the Caribbean, South America, Central America, parts of North America including Florida

France

s France colonizes the interior of North America

s Fur Trade

Jamestown

The English

s Spain was not the only country to explore new land

s Great Britain was looking to emerge as a great world power and wanted to expand

s One of the first British Colonies was Roanoke Island

s It was established in the late 1580s

Roanoke

s In 1590 2 ships from Britain arrived at Roanoke to resupply the colony

s However, John White and his men found it abandoned

s All that remained were some abandoned homes and two tree with carvings in them

s One said “CRO”

s The other said CROATOAN

s It is now known the nearby by Natives were called the Croatoan

English Aggression

s Queen Elizabeth hired privateers to raid Spanish ships

s Privateers are privately owned ships hired by a government to attack other ships

s Sir Francis Drake is one of the most famous

s He raided Spanish gold in Florida

s He was the first English sailor to sail around the world

Jamestown

s In 1606 the British tried to colonize after the Roanoke disaster

s Business men asked for a charter from the king

s They began a colony company called the Virginia Company

s In 1607 100 colonists were sent near the James River in Virginia

s The settlement was called Jamestown after King James I

s Native Americans attacked the settlement

s An English cannon helped stop the attack

s The Powhatan Indians dominated the area

s The English paid tribute to Chief Powhatan

s Many of the colonists were not fit to survive they were gold smiths and aristocrats

s John Smith the colony leader said “he that will not work will not eat”

s Many colonists dies because of lack of food, wars with Indians, and malaria

s War was fought with Algonquin tribe led by Powhatan

s In 1624 Jamestown became a royal colony with a governor appointed by the king

s Virginia also had a legislature

s It was called the House of Burgesses

s Settlers in America began to grow Tobacco

s They establish plantations near rivers

s Growing Tobacco was labor intensive and more people moved to the Americas

s They were each promised 50 acres of land

s This became known as the headright system

s Many farmers lost their land in England because landowners made more money using the land for livestock

s Many people who could not afford the trip to America became indentured servants

s They would work for 7 years for a master to pay off the voyage cost

s They would be given freedom and usually their own land

s The English did not want coexist with the Natives the way the Spanish did

s In 1622 the Chief Powhatan Indians attacked Jamestown with the intensions of killing all of the English

s They failed but 350 colonists were killed

s The settlers retaliated

s They would live with uneasy tensions for a long period

Bacon’s Rebellion

s As more English arrived population grew

s Many people looked west for new land to farm

s This caused clashes between settlers and the natives

s Virginia’s royal governor William Berkeley refused to raise an army to defend against the Natives

s Nathaniel Bacon a member of the governor’s council decided to raise an army to defend the frontiersmen

s In 1676 he raised an army

s The governor was not happy with Bacon’s actions and declared him a rebel

s Bacon said the governor was not protecting the frontiersmen

s Bacon had his army burn down Jamestown

s Bacon controlled most of Virginia after this but he died of illness suddenly and so did his rebellion

s It showed that frontiersmen were tired of the English governing them

s It also showed that the poor would not tolerate the government

New England Colonies

New England

s England colonized the area that is now Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine

s In 1534 Henry VIII created the Anglican Church of England

s Some believed it was too Catholic and not pure enough

s These people were called puritans

Religious Freedom

s The puritans were persecuted for their beliefs in England

s A group of Puritans left for America in 1620

s They are known as the pilgrims

s 100 pilgrims left on the Mayflower

s They agreed to the Mayflower Compact in which they agreed to obey the governments law

s They created their own law

Pilgrims

s They landed at a place they called Plymouth in Massachusetts

s Half died in the first winter

s Squanto taught them to farm

s The first Thanksgiving was held in 1621

Massachusetts Bay Colony

s Between 1630 and 1640 thousands of people left England for America in the Great Migration

s Most were puritans who did not believe in religious tolerance

s People in the Massachusetts Bay Colony had to be Puritan

Puritan Life

s Lived in religious communities

s They convinced about 1,000 Natives to become Puritan

s They lived in praying towns

The Salem Witch Trials

s In1692 young girls in Salem Mass. Claimed the devil had taken control of them and accused 3 townspeople of being witches

s 20 people men and women were accused and hanged for being a witch

s Some scientists believe the girls may have been effected by ergot poisoning

The Pequot War

s In 1637 the Mass. Bay Colony sent an army to attack the Pequot after several violent eruptions

s The Puritans burned down the Pequot’s fort killing 500

s Only a handful of Pequot survived

King Philip’s War

s Tensions rose between the Wampanoag and the settlers of Swansea, in Plymouth Colony

s June 24, 1675 a farmer shot a Wampanoag who was killing cows in a pasture

s One of the Native leaders who would unite tribes up and down the north east was named Metacom

s He was known to the English as King Philip

s During King Philip’s War 20 towns were attacked and 2,000 settlers were killed

s The settlers struck back killing 4,000 Natives

s The English had an advantage because they shared a language

s Metacom had trouble communicating between different tribes

s Metacom was eventually found and killed in Rhode Island

s The war continued for a year

s It hurt the colonists economy

s Native American life in southern New England virtually disappeared

The Middle and Southern Colonies

The Middle Colonies

s New York

s New Jersey

s Pennsylvania

s Delaware

New York

s New York was founded by the Dutch and called the New Netherlands

s They established the Dutch West India Company and a trading post called New Amsterdam (Manhattan)

s The Dutch were interested in fur trade

New Amsterdam

s Became a major trade port for many nations

s 18 different languages were spoken

s It had the first synagogue in North America

s The English were envious and King Charles II declared that all Dutch territory now belonged to the Duke of York

s England sent 4 ships and several hundred soldiers to New Amsterdam

s The Dutch gave it up without a fight

New York and New Jersey

s New Jersey Pennsylvania, & Maryland

s In 1655 it was taken over by the Dutch

s New York is named in 1664

s New Jersey is settled in 1664

s Puritans and Scots in the East

English and Quakers settled the west

Pennsylvania

s Founded by William Penn

s Quaker Religion

s Sought “inner light”

s No clergy

s Men and women spiritually equal

12