Mr. McCormack US History II Big Idea Worksheet
Chapter Twenty-One – The Civil Rights Movement (1950-1968)
Section One: Demands for Civil Rights (p 698-703)
In 1947 ______joined the ______, becoming the first African American to play major league baseball. His success fostered pride in African Americans and paved the way for others to follow. (p 698)
After WWII, ______of people were ready to demand that the country live up to its creed that all are ______before the ______. (p 698)
Please explain how each of these factors contributed to the rise of the civil rights movement. (p 698-699)
AfricanAmerican
Migration
The New Deal
World War II
Amidst these cultural changes, the National ______for the Advancement of ______People (“______”) worked to challenge ______laws throughout the country. It tried to overturn the 1896 ______v. ______decision that allowed segregation in public places if the facilities were “______but ______.” (p 699)
Their legal defense fund, led by ______, achieved many gains. One lawyer in particular, ______, succeeded in winning more than ______in higher pay and better facilities for black students. (p 699)
In 1951, Oliver Brown sued the school board in ______, so his daughter could attend a nearby school for whites. After many appeals, the case made it to the Supreme Court, with ______arguing the Brown’s case. In 1954, in a ______decision, the Court declared school segregation unconstitutional. (p 699-700)
The public’s reaction to the ruling was ______. While ______rejoiced, many ______, especially in the ______, reacted with fear and anger. More than ______members of Congress issued a protest known as the ______, asserting the Court exceeded its constitutional authority. The ______also became more active and threatened those who accepted the Court decision. (p 700-701)
In 1955, the nation’s attention shifted to the streets of ______. In December, ______a seamstress and member of the NAACP, refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus when told to do so. She was ______and ordered to stand ______for breaking the law. (p 701)
Civil rights leaders in the city reacted by organizing the ______. They distributed ______announcing the plan, which called for blacks to avoid the entire bus system until the company changed its policy. A 26-year-old minister named ______became the ______for the entire protest movement. (p 701)
Over the next year, ______blacks in the city ______, rode ______, or joined ______to avoid the buses. Despite losing money, the company refused to change. Finally, in ______, the Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional. (p 701-702)
In 1957, Arkansas Governor ______declared he could not keep ______if he enforced ______. He posted ______troops at Central High School in ______to prevent ______black students who were supposed to attend that school. President ______viewed this as a direct ______, so he sent soldiers to protect the students. (p 702)
Since 1929, the ______of United ______American Citizens (“______”) had been struggling to achieve equality for ______. The group helped finance a case, ______v. ______, that made segregation of ______children in ______illegal. (p 703)
In 1953, the federal government adopted a policy known as ______which sought to eliminate ______and assimilate ______into mainstream American life. The policy was eventually reversed. (p 703)
Section Two: Leaders and Strategies (p 704-708)
Please complete the following graphic organizer detailing several civil rights groups. (p 704-708)
SignificanceGroup Purpose or Focus
Leaders
Year Founded
Group / NAACP / National Urban League / CORE / SCLC / SNCC
Mr. McCormack Big Idea Worksheet
US History II Study Guide
Chapter Twenty-One – The Civil Rights Movement (1950-1968)
Section Two: Leaders and Strategies (p 704-708) (continued)
Profile of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. (p 706-707)
Born in ______, Georgia, in ______, King experienced segregation daily. His father and grandfather were both prominent ______. He graduated from ______College in Atlanta and then ______Theological Seminary in ______. He ultimately earned a doctorate in ______from ______University in ______. There he met and married ______.
As he became more involved in the civil rights movement, he was influenced by the beliefs of ______. They shared a philosophy of ______as the only way to achieve victory over ______. Those who fight for ______must peacefully refuse to obey ______. This philosophy resembled American author ______’s example in advocating ______.
As a result of his role in the ______, King gained national prominence and played a key role in almost every civil rights event, including the March on Washington in 1963. He received the ______in 1964.
He was assassinated in ______in 1968. His killer, ______, was convicted and died in jail.
Section Three: The Struggle Intensifies (p 709-714)
What were “sit-ins” and why were they effective? ______(p 709-710)
In 1960, the Supreme Court expanded its earlier ban on segregation of ______. The following year, SNCC and CORE organized the ______to test southern compliance with that decision. The first participants encountered violence in ______, where their bus was burned and they were beaten. Their journey ended with arrest in ______, but about ______continued the protest. Attorney General ______sent ______for protection and then pushed for desegregation of all ______. (710-712)
In 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that ______, an African American Air Force Veteran, should be allowed to transfer to the all-white ______. Governor ______, however, personally blocked him from the admissions office. President ______then sent ______to enforce the decision, which caused riots that required ______to restore order. (p 712)
In 1963, Reverend ______invited MLK and the SCLC to visit ______, which king described as “the most ______city in America.” They started with nonviolent protest ______and ______. City officials declared them illegal because they did not have a ______and obtained a ______ordering them to cease. King disobeyed the order and was arrested by police commissioner ______. (p 713)
After more than a week, King was ______. He then decided to let ______join the campaign. More than ______of them were arrested. Police used ______and trained ______against them, and when they fell to the ground, police ______them before taking them to ______. (p 714)
Even those ______to the civil rights movement were ______. In the end, the ______won as a committee was arranged to ______city facilities. (p 714)
Mr. McCormack US History II Big Idea Worksheet
Chapter Twenty-One – The Civil Rights Movement (1950-1968) Section Four: The Political Response (p 716-721)
As a senator from Massachusetts, ______had voted for civil rights without actively pushing the issue. During his presidential campaign, however, he won many ______with bold ______. Once in office, though, he moved slowly on issues such as ______so as to not offend ______. He did appoint many blacks to prominent positions, including ______as a Circuit Judge. (p 716)
He was deeply disturbed by scenes of racial violence and embarrassed by them when he met with ______leader ______. He responded to ______in a televised speech, but hours later ______, an ______worker, was murdered. The killer, ______, remained unpunished until ______. (p 717)
After this crisis, Kennedy introduced a strong ______designed to prohibit ______in all ______, ban ______wherever ______was involved, and advance ______. Opponents prevented the bill from coming up for a vote. (p 717)
To focus attention and build support for the bill, ______proposed a march on ______. Kennedy feared it would alienate ______and cause ______, but he ultimately embraced the proposal. The march occurred in ______and included more than ______people. Some famous marchers were: ______(p 717)
Three months after the march, ______was assassinated and the bill had not advanced. President ______was eager to use his skills to pass the bill, which he mentioned in his ______. As ______he had previously passed a civil rights bill in ______, and he let Congress know he would accept no ______. Although Senate opponents delayed passage by engaging in a ______, the bill ultimately passed. (p 719)
Please summarize the major impacts of this bill. (p 719)
Major Provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights ActTitle I
Title II
Title VI
Title VII
In 1964, civil rights leaders organized a ______in ______. About 1,000 volunteers, most of whom were ______, joined in the drive. There were several murders, about ______mob attacks, and about ______arrests. This period came to be called ______. (p 720)
Some Mississippians organized the ______and sent delegates to the 1964 ______National Convention, but they were rejected after an attempt at compromise by ______.
To help many still struggling for voting rights, ______and other leaders decided to organize a march from ______to the state capital of ______nearly ______miles away. ______on horseback charged into the crowd, shocking many people across the nation. ______put the ______under federal control and sent ______and ______to protect the march. By its end, about ______participated. (p 721)
In response to this march, ______promised a strong new law to protect ______. The ______allowed federal officials to ______voters in discriminating areas. It also effectively ended ______and other voting barriers. This helped more than ______African Americans get registered to vote. (p 721)
Ratification of the ______Amendment, which eliminated the ______, also helped many poor people to exercise their right to vote. (p 721)
Mr. McCormack Big Idea Worksheet
US History II Study Guide
Chapter Twenty-One – The Civil Rights Movement (1950-1968)
Section Five: The Movement Takes a New Turn (p 722-727)
Outside the ______civil rights movement, more ______and ______leaders emerged. The most famous of these was ______, born ______in 1925. His father, a minister who preached the ______message of ______, died young, leaving the family to live in ______. He was arrested for ______and served ______years in jail. (p 722)
While in jail he joined the ______, a group often called the ______. Led by ______, they preached ______and identified their enemy as ______. The embraced the concept of ______, a belief in the separate ______and ______of African Americans. (p 722-723)
Malcolm X ridiculed other civil rights leaders, and instead of preaching ______, he rejected ideas of ______. In 1964 he left the ______to found his own organization, ______. He also made a ______to ______in ______. This experience supposedly changed his views, so when he returned he was ready to work with other civil rights leaders and even ______on some issues. In ______, however, he was murdered at a rally in New York. (p 723)
One leader of SNCC who adopted Malcolm’s message was ______. As he rose in leadership the group became more ______. He called on SNCC workers to carry ______and wanted to reject ______from membership. He popularized the idea of ______. (p 724)
In the fall of ______, a new militant political party, the ______was formed by activists ______and ______. They were inspired by the words of ______and believed that “power flows from the ______.” Their followers often found themselves in ______. (p 724)
The civil rights movement succeeded in repealing ______, but had more difficulty in addressing ______. The former separation resulted from the force of ______while the latter resulted from ______such as poverty. (p 725)
In 1964, race riots occurred in ______, ______, and several cities in ______. In 1965, one of the most violent riots occurred in ______and lasted for ______. By the time the ______and ______finally gained control, ______had died and ______were injured. Violence spread to other cities in ______and ______. The federal government responded by establishing the ______, also known as the ______. (p 725)
In 1968, ______turned his attention to ______in what he called the ______. He began planning another ______and travelled the country seeking support. At a stop in ______to support ______, he was assassinated. African Americans then rioted in more than ______cities, as a result of which nearly ______died. It took more than ______troops to stop the violence. (p 725-726)
On March 16, 1968, ______decided to enter the race for the Democratic presidential nomination, and his chances improved when ______announced he would not seek the nomination. In June, while campaigning in ______, ______was assassinated. (p 727)
The movement yielded many victories. ______was illegal, and thousands of African Americans were able to ______. Between 1970 and 1975, the number of African American officeholders climbed by ______. (p 727)