Chapter 7 and 8 Study Guide

Test Date: Thursday, March 5,2015

Vocabulary Words

1.  *notify-to make known

·  Synonym: inform

·  Antonym: hide

·  Analogy: smooth : rough :: add : subtract ( antonym relationship)

2.  *demolish-to tear down

·  Synonym: destroy

·  Antonym: build

·  Analogy: page : book :: toe : foot (part to whole relationship)

3.  *protest-to voice disagreement

·  Synonym: complain

·  Antonym: approve

·  Analogy: blossom : flower :: journey : trip ( synonym relationship)

4.  *massive-large, solid, or heavy in form

·  Synonym: enormous

·  Antonym: small

·  Analogy: sell : bell :: peach : beach (rhyming relationship)

Concepts and Examples

1.  Noun-a word that names a person, place, thing or idea

2.  Subject Noun-the word that names a person, place, thing, or idea that the whole sentence is about (labeled SN)

3.  Verb-a word that tells what the subject does or is (labeled V)

·  SN V

Ships sailed.

4.  Adverb-a word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb (labeled Adv)

·  Answers the questions: When?, Where?, How?

·  SN V Adv Adv Adv

Planes flew quickly away today.

5.  Adjective-a word that modifies, or describes, a noun or pronoun (labeled Adj)

·  SN V Adj Adj SN V Adv Adv

P1 Little red ladybugs crawled everywhere yesterday.

6.  Article Adjectives-a word like a, an, and the that point, or “mark,” a noun (labeled A)

·  SN V A Adj Adj SN V Adv Adv

P1 The kind young doctor spoke very gently.

7.  Preposition- a word that tells direction and connects a noun to the rest of the sentence (labeled P); Object of the Preposition-the noun that follows the preposition( labeled OP); Prepositional Phrase-all the words, beginning from the preposition and ending with the object

·  SN V A Adj SN V P A OP

P1 The lost duck/ flew (near the barn). D

8.  Pronoun-a word that takes the place of any noun

9.  Subject Pronoun- a word that takes the place of a noun in subject: I, we, he, she, it, they, and you Abbreviation SP

10.  Possessive Pronoun-a word that takes the place of a noun that shows ownership, or possession, of something: my, our, his, her, its, their, your Abbreviation PPA

11.  Conjunction- a part of speech that joins words or sentences together: and-putting together, or- for choice, but-for opposite relationships Abbreviation C

·  and, but, or, nor, yet, for , so

12.  Simple Sentence- one complete thought

·  Subject + Verb (end mark)

13.  Simple Sentence, Compound Subject

·  Subject conjunction Subject + Verb (end mark)

14.  Simple Sentence, Compound Verb

·  Subject + verb conjunction verb (end mark)

15.  Compound Sentence

·  Subject + Predicate ,comma- conjunction Subject + Predicate (end mark)

16.  Fragment-an incomplete sentence that is missing either a subject or predicate

17.  Run-on Sentence- 2 or more sentences ran together without any end punctuation

18.  Compound Sentence- 2 simple sentences joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction

·  My car had a flat it took an hour to change it.

19.  Natural Order-a sentence that follows the subject plus predicate structure

20.  Inverted Order-a sentence that begins with a helping verb, preposition, or adverb and follows a predicate plus subject plus predicate structure

·  Were the students listening to the guest speaker? (helping verb)

·  After recess, the boy thirstily drank from the water fountain. (prepositional phrase)

·  Yesterday, I turned in my school project. (adverb)

21.  Helping Verb- the verb in front of the main action verb that helps clarify the tense of the action

·  am, is, are, was, be, being, been, will, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can Abbreviation HV

22.  Interjection-a short phrase that shows strong or mild emotion, ending in an exclamation point Abbreviation I

23.  Possessive Noun Adjective-an adjective that describes ownership and ends in an apostrophe –s. Abbreviation PNA

24.  The four kinds of sentences and the end mark:

·  Declarative- a sentence that makes a statement

·  Imperative-a sentence that gives a command

·  Interrogative-a sentence that asks a question

·  Exclamatory-a sentence that expresses strong feelings

25.  Subject/Verb Agreement

Subject Noun / Verb
Rule 1: If the Subject Noun is Singular (one) / Then the Verb must end in -s or –es OR
Choose the Linking Verb is, was, does, has
Rule 2: If the Subject Noun is Plural (more than one) / Then the Verb must NOT end in –s or –es OR
Choose the Linking Verb are, were, do, have

26.  A/AN

·  Use a in front of a noun that starts with a consonant letter (example- a chair)

·  Use an in front of a noun that starts with a vowel letter (example –an apple)

27.  The 8 parts of speech:

NVP= Noun, Verb, Pronoun

Double A’s= Adjective and Adverb

PIC=Preposition, Interjection, Contraction

28.  *Direct Object: noun or pronoun that completes the meaning of a sentence. It is located in the predicate. Abbreviation DO

29.  *Verb Tenses: Past, Present, Future

Past: Regular- add –ed to the verb

Irregular- the main verb has a vowel change making it past tense

Present: has a –s at the end of the verb or no change is made to the verb

Future: has will in front of the verb

30.  *Past-Present and Past tense Helping verbs

Present Tense / am / is / are / has / have / do / does
Past Tense / was / were / had / did / been

31.  *Transitive Verb: an action verb that tells what the subject does, and is followed by a direct object. Abbreviation V-t