Chapter 30: Vocabulary – Views of Earth’s Past

In your own words, rewrite the definition and draw a picture to illustrate the meaning.

Ammonite: A fossil cephalopod that is an important index fossil of the Triassic Period.

Bipedal: Walking upright on two legs.

Crinoid: A sea lily, a relative of the sea star, common during the Mississippian Period.

Dinosaur: One of many forms of now extinct animals that dominated the Mesozoic Era.

Eon: The first division of the geologic time scale and therefore the longest.

Epoch: A subdivision of a geological period on the geologic time scale.

Era: A major division of geologic time.

Eurypterid: A sea animal that was common during the Silurian Period; also called a sea scorpion.

Evolution: The process of change that produces new life forms over time.

Foraminifera: Single-celled organisms with calcite shells common during the Mississippian Period.

Geologic time scale: A summary of major events in Earth’s history that are preserved in the rock record.

Graptolite: Tiny sea animals that lived in colonies; used as index fossils of the Ordovician Period.

Hominid: Modern human or humanlike ancestor.

Natural selection: The theory that organisms that survive to produce offspring have inherited the most favorable traits for survival in a particular environment.

Period: A subdivision of a geologic era.

Precambrian: All the geologic time before the start of the Cambrian period in the Paleozoic Era.

Shield: The exposed area of the oldest rocks, or craton, of a continent.

Stomatolite: A layered dome or column formed of trapped sediments and mats of cyanobacteria.

Trilobite: A crablike invertebrate that is the most common fossil of the Cambrian Period