Chapter 3: Development Test

Chapter 3: Development Test

Section A: General

(a) The chart below has the four indicators used to measure Human Development Index (HDI) missing. Write these in the correct boxes, then shade the boxes in – one colour for economic and a different one for social indicators. Add a key. (3 marks)

(b)

(i) If you could add a fifth indicator, what would it be? (1 mark)

______

(ii) Give reasons for your choice. (2 marks)

______

2. Study the map below showing world HDI in 2012.

(a) Use the map to help you complete the table below. (4 marks)

Country / HDI level / Country / HDI level
The Netherlands / Canada
Brazil / Turkey
India / Pakistan
Uganda / South Africa

3. Answer true (P) or false (O):

______Life expectancy is generally slightly higher for men than for women.

______Most countries with the lowest HDI levels are located in Asia

______All countries in Europe have very high HDI levels

______Most HDI shows the average figure for a country. However, there may be large differences in levels within a country.

(4 marks)

(i) Draw three divided bar graphs (X, Y and Z) below using the data in the table. All figures are percentages. Shade in each type of industry a different colour and complete the key. (3 marks)

Industry type: / Country X / Country Y / Country Z
primary / 2 / 48 / 26
secondary / 22 / 24 / 41
tertiary / 76 / 28 / 33

Key: primary secondary tertiary

(ii) The proportion of the population working in each type of industry is a good indicator of a country’s development level. Complete the table below:

Development level:
LDC, NIC or MDC / Reasons for your choice
X
Y
Z

(3 marks)

(a) Explain what the following health indicators measure:

(i) Infant mortality rate (IMR): ______

______

(ii) Childhood mortality rate: ______

______

(2 x 1 mark)

(b) Explain why equality is an important factor in assessing development levels. (3 marks)

______

6. The following questions are about hunger. Underline the correct answer or answers. NB There may be one or more correct answers to some questions. (5 x 1 mark)

A. The number of people who do not have enough to eat every day (2012) is roughly:

a) 300 million

b) 500 million

c) 700 million

d) 900 million

B. Half of the world’s hungry (Q.A) live in:

a) Africa

b) Asia

c) South America

d) Oceania

C. Hunger kills more people every year than:

a) HIV/AIDS

b) Malaria

c) Tuberculosis

d) All three

D. How many calories are needed each day to live healthily (within a balanced diet):

a) 1400-1700

b) 1600-2000

c) 1800-2200

d) 2000-2400

E. In LDCs, what proportion of babies are born underweight?

a) 1 in 4

b) 1 in 6

c) 1 in 8

d) 1 in 10

7. Complete the table below to help show how and why physical factors can have a major effect on the level of development of a country. An example has been included.

Physical factor / Explanation / Named example / Development level
Drought / Lack of sufficient water or rainfall, where there has been enough in the past. Difficult to grow crops/keep livestock. / Sub-Saharan Africa / Low

(2 x 2 marks)

(a) Draw a diagram below to show the cycle of poverty. (3 marks)

(b) Explain why it is difficult for poorer LDCs to break this cycle, preventing development. (3 marks)

______

(a) What was the main purpose of the Millennium Development Goals agreed by the member countries of the United Nations in 2000? (2 marks)

______

(b) How many MDGs were agreed? (1 mark)

______

10. For one of the MDGs you have studied:

(i) Describe what it set out to do:

______

(2 marks)

(ii) Explain what progress has been made so far.

______

(3 marks)

(Section A = 50 marks)

Section B: Case Studies

Sub-Saharan Africa

(a) Shade in the 7 countries which are NOT part of Sub-Saharan Africa (1 mark)

(b) Label Uganda, Nigeria, Botswana and the Indian Ocean (4 marks)

2. Complete these statements:

There are three hot deserts in Africa – the ______, ______and Kalahari.

As you move from the Sahel region towards the Equator, hot desert gives way to______.

Along the Equator, the climate is _____ and ______, supporting ______.

Africa has areas of high, flat ______. It also has many lakes, especially along the Great

______in the east.

(4 marks)

3. Using data from the table below, write 3 separate, detailed statements to support the fact that Sub-Saharan Africa is the least developed region in the world. You should compare the data for different regions in your answers.

World region / HDI / Life expectancy at birth / Average years of schooling / Expected years of schooling / GNI per capita ($)
Europe and Central Asia / 0.7771 (high) / 71.5 / 10.4 / 13.7 / 12 243
Latin America and Caribbean / 0.741 (high) / 74.7 / 7.8 / 13.7 / 10 300
East Asia and Pacific / 0.683 (medium) / 72.7 / 7.2 / 11.8 / 6874
Arab States / 0.652 (medium) / 71.0 / 6.0 / 10.6 / 8317
South Asia / 0.558 (medium) / 66.2 / 4.7 / 10.2 / 3343
Sub-Saharan Africa / 0.475 (low) / 54.9 / 4.7 / 9.3 / 2010

(i) ______

______

(ii) ______

______

(iii) ______

______

(3 x 2 marks)

4. Explain briefly why the following factors contribute to low HDI levels in Sub-Saharan Africa:

(a) Rapid population growth (2 marks)

______

(b) Poor food security (2 marks)

______

5. The United Nations is trying to end food aid in Uganda.

(a) Explain why this is a good idea (2 marks)

______

(b) Describe and explain what they are trying to provide instead. (4 marks)

______

China

1. Answer true (P) or false (O) (3 marks)

China is the third largest country in the world. ______

The most densely populated parts of China are the river flood plains and lowlands in the west of the country. ______

The fold mountains of the Himalayas cover the northern half of China. ______

About half the deaths from earthquakes across the world since 1900 have occurred in China. ______

The climate varies from hot deserts in the south to temperate and sub-tropical conditions in the north. ______

Rivers like the Yangtze and Huang-He are important transport routes. ______

2. China has undergone great changes in the last 50 years. Explain how the following factors have helped it improve its HDI and economy.

(a) population control (2 marks)

______

(b) opening up to foreign trade (2 marks)

______

(a) Name the countries other than China which make up the group of countries known as the BRICS (1 mark)

______

(b) How many people live in the BRICS? (1 mark)

______

(i) ______

(ii) ______

(2 marks)

4. Study the pie chart. It shows the energy mix for China in 2011

(a) What is the total percentage of fossil fuels? ______% (1 mark)

(b) Give two reasons why this is a problem

(i) ______

______

(ii) ______

______

(2 marks)

(a) China’s Three Gorges Dam Project was completed in 2008. It is an example of a multi-purpose river management scheme. Explain why. (2 marks)

______

(b) Describe two positive and two negative effects on the environment of Three Gorges Dam Project.

Positive:

(i) ______

(ii) ______

Negative:

(i) ______

(ii) ______

(2 x 2 marks)

(Section B = 45 marks)

Section C

Study the word cloud about Development (above). Use it to help you make 5 comparisons between a country with a very high HDI e.g. the Netherlands with a country with a low HDI e.g. Uganda. For example: Countries with very high HDIs usually have very low levels of child mortality compared to countries with low HDIs.

(i) ______

______

(ii) ______

______

(iii) ______

______

(iv) ______

______

(v) ______

______

(5 x 1 mark)

(Section C = 5 marks)

Section A = 50 marks

Section B = 45 marks

Section C = 5 marks

Total = 100 marks