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Chapter 23 Study Guide
World History AP
Chapter 23 Summary
With the destruction of World War I, European hegemony over the world weakened. This weakening sparked social and political disruptions around the world and fed growing nationalism. China stumbled towards the creation of a modern nation-state, but was divided between two views – Nationalists and Communists. While the Nationalists gained the upper hand prior to World War II, the two groups had to work together to fight their common enemies, and the worldwide depression nixed efforts to create an industrialized economy. In Latin America economic weakness and the dependence of many nations upon foreign investments, particularly from the United States, fed growing militant nationalism. Authoritarian governments rose to the power in several nations in an effort to force economic reform. The dismantling of the old Ottoman Empire changed the map of the Middle East as well. A smaller, secularized Turkey was born, as well as the states of Saudi Arabia and Palestine. Throughout Africa and Asia, nationalist movements gained momentum. In India, Gandhi's nonviolent protests helped weaken British control. In other areas of Asia communist-led movements attempted more radical means of throwing off the colonial yoke. In Japan, the path to modernization and acceptance as a world power continued although with increasingly militant tones.
Chapter 23 Outline
Rise of Nationalism
Modern Nationalism
Religion and Nationalism
Independence or Modernization? The Nationalist Quandary
Gandhi and the Indian National Congress
Nationalist Revolt in the Middle East
Mustapha Kemal and the Modernization of Turkey
Modernization in Iran
Rise of Arab Nationalism and the Problem of Palestine
Nationalism and Revolution in Asia and Africa
Revolution in China
Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy: The New Culture Movement
Nanjing Republic
"Down with Confucius and Sons": Economic, Social, and Cultural Change in Republican China
Japan Between the Wars
Experiment in Democracy
A Zaibatsu Economy
Shidehara Diplomacy
Nationalism and Dictatorship in Latin America
Economy and the United States
Move to Authoritarianism
Latin American Culture
Conclusion
Terms and Persons to Know
World History AP: Chapter 23
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1. postwar anticolonialism and unrest
2. Westernized intellectuals
3. Nationalist Party of Indonesia
4. INC
5. Mohandas Ghandi
6. satyagraha
7. harijans
8. dhoti
9. nonviolent resistance
10. Mahatma
11. Government of India Act
12. Jawaharlal Nehru
13. Muslim League
14. Pakistan
15. decline of Ottoman Empire
16. Young Turks
17. Mustapha Kemal Ataturk
18. Turkish Republic
19. transformation to secular state
20. Persian nationalist movement
21. Reza Khan
22. Pahlavi dynasty
23. Wahhabi movement
24. Arabs
25. League of Nations
26. Balfour Declaration
27. Palestine
28. Ibn Saud
29. Saudi Arabia
30. Aramco
31. Marxism
32. two-stage revolution
33. Comintern
34. new communist parties
35. Chinese Communist Party
36. Sun Yat-sen
37. Ho Chi Minh
38. Nationalist Party
39. New Culture Movement
40. May Fourth Movement
41. CCP (Chinese Communist Party)
42. Northern Expedition
43. Chiang Kai-shek
44. Mao Zedong
45. PLA
46. Long March
47. Nanjing Republic
48. New Life Movement
49. industrial production
50. Taisho democracy
51. Kita Ikki
52. zaibatsu
53. dual economy
54. Washington Conference
55. Shidehara diplomacy
56. Latin America
57. "banana republics"
58. Good Neighbor policy
59. authoritarianism
60. Argentina
61. Hipólito Irigoyen
62. Juan Perón
63. Getúlio Vargas
64. Mexico
65. Lázaro Cárdenas
66. PEMEX
67. Diego Rivera
World History AP: Chapter 23
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Primary Sources
The Dilemma of the Intellectual: Sutan Sjahrir, Out of Exile
Ø Why did Sjahrir feel estranged from his own people? In what sense were they his own? In what sense were they not?
Ø Why did Sjahrir suggest that Indonesia lacked cultural life? What other faults did he see in his country?
A Call for a Muslim State: Mohammed Iqbal, Speech to the All-India Muslim League
Ø Why was Pakistan established? What does the word pakistan mean?
Ø What arguments for its formation does Iqbal make in this passage?
Mustapha Kemal's Case against the Caliphate: Speech to the Assembly, October 1924
Ø What reasons does Mustapha Kemal give in this speech for ending the rule of the caliphate in Turkey?
Ø What further policy does he propose for strengthening the New Turkey? Why does he call it "New"?
The Path of Liberation: Ho Chi Minh, "The Path Which Led Me to Leninism"
Ø What did Ho Chi Minh believe was the most crucial question facing the socialist party in 1919?
Ø Why did he originally join the French Socialist Party?
Ø What did he find most admirable about Lenin? The most difficult?
A Call for Revolt: Mao Zedong, "The Peasant Movement in Hunan"
Ø How was Mao Zedong different from other Chinese Communist Party leaders?
Ø What did so many Chinese find "terrible" about the peasants' revolt? Why does Mao Zedong reply that "It's fine"?
An Arranged Marriage: Ba Jin, Family
Ø Why was there such a difference between urban and rural life in early twentieth-century China?
Ø In this literary excerpt, why does Chueh-hsin not even think of disagreeing with his father? How does this reflect actual Chinese practices and values?
Ø Are such practices and values only traditional and historical, or are they still important in China today?
In Search of Old Japan: Junichiro Tanizaki, Some Prefer Nettles
Ø How does the author use Western psychology in this excerpt? Does its use conflict with his chosen theme?
Ø What about old Japan has given rise to the nostalgia Tanizaki expresses?
A Pledge of Cooperation: Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy
Ø Why did Roosevelt feel the need to issue such a policy?
Ø How had the old policy led to problems by the 1930s?
Internet Exploration
To learn more about Mohandas Gandhi, visit
www.mahatma.org.in
To learn more about Palestine, visit
http://www.palestine-net.com/
To view the work of Diego Rivera, visit
http://www.diegorivera.com/
World History AP: Chapter 23