Chapter 17 References
1. Aiello LP, Ayala AR, Antoszyk AN, et al. Assessing the effect of personalized diabetes risk assessments during ophthalmologic visits on glycemic control: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmology 2015; 133: 888–96.
2. Paulweber B, Valensi P, Lindstrom J, et al. A European evidence-based guideline for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Hormone and Metabolic Research 2010; 42 Suppl 1: S3–36.
3. Aspelund T, Thornorisdottir O, Olafsdottir E, et al. Individual risk assessment and information technology to optimise screening frequency for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 2525–32.
4. Scanlon PH, Aldington SJ, Leal J, et al. Development of a cost-effectiveness model for optimisation of the screening interval in diabetic retinopathy screening. Health Technology Assessment 2015; 19: 1–116.
5. Kuo JZ, Wong TY, Rotter JI. Challenges in elucidating the genetics of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmology 2014; 132: 96–107.
6. Sandholm N, Salem RM, McKnight AJ, et al. New susceptibility loci associated with kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. PLoS Genetics 2012; 8: e1002921.
7. Williams WW, Salem RM, McKnight AJ, et al. Association testing of previously reported variants in a large case-control meta-analysis of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2012; 61: 2187–94.
8. Stitt AW, Curtis TM, Chen M, et al. The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 2015.
9. Cooper ME, El-Osta A. Epigenetics: mechanisms and implications for diabetic complications. Circulation Research 2010; 107: 1403–13.
10. Perrone L, Matrone C, Singh LP. Epigenetic modifications and potential new treatment targets in diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Ophthalmology 2014; 2014: 789120.
11. Kadiyala CS, Zheng L, Du Y, et al. Acetylation of retinal histones in diabetes increases inflammatory proteins: effects of minocycline and manipulation of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). Journal of Biological Chemistry 2012; 287: 25869–80.
12. Brasacchio D, Okabe J, Tikellis C, et al. Hyperglycemia induces a dynamic cooperativity of histone methylase and demethylase enzymes associated with gene–activating epigenetic marks that coexist on the lysine tail. Diabetes 2009; 58: 1229–36.
13. El-Osta A, Brasacchio D, Yao D, et al. Transient high glucose causes persistent epigenetic changes and altered gene expression during subsequent normoglycemia. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008; 205: 2409–17.
14. Kowluru RA, Zhong Q. Beyond AREDS: is there a place for antioxidant therapy in the prevention/treatment of eye disease? Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2011; 52: 8665–71.
15. Di Marco E, Jha JC, Sharma A, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, de Haan JB. Are reactive oxygen species still the basis for diabetic complications? Clinical Science 2015; 129: 199–216.
16. Qing S, Yuan S, Yun C, et al. Serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology 2014; 34: 1733–40.
17. Zampetaki A, Willeit P, Burr S, et al. Angiogenic microRNAs linked to incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65(1): 216–27.
18. Garcia de la Torre N, Fernandez-Durango R, Gomez R, et al. Expression of angiogenic microRNAs in endothelial progenitor cells from type 1 diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2015; 56: 4090–8.
19. Farr RJ, Januszewski AS, Joglekar MV, et al. A comparative analysis of high-throughput platforms for validation of a circulating microRNA signature in diabetic retinopathy. Scientific Reports 2015; 5: 10375.
20. Writing Team for the Diabetes C, Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes I, Complications Research G. Sustained effect of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus on development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. JAMA 2003; 290: 2159–67.
21. White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, et al. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Archives of Ophthalmology 2008; 126: 1707–15.
22. White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, et al. Effect of prior intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes on 10-year progression of retinopathy in the DCCT/EDIC: comparison of adults and adolescents. Diabetes 2010; 59: 1244–53.
23. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine 2008; 359: 1577–89.
24. Cunha-Vaz J, Ribeiro L, Lobo C. Phenotypes and biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 2014; 41: 90–111.
25. Muni RH, Kohly RP, Lee EQ, Manson JE, Semba RD, Schaumberg DA. Prospective study of inflammatory biomarkers and risk of diabetic retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. JAMA Ophthalmology 2013; 131: 514–21.
26. Laursen JV, Hoffmann SS, Green A, Nybo M, Sjolie AK, Grauslund J. Associations between diabetic retinopathy and plasma levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein or von Willebrand factor in long-term type 1 diabetic patients. Current Eye Research 2013; 38: 174–9.
27. Lloyd CE, Klein R, Maser RE, Kuller LH, Becker DJ, Orchard TJ. The progression of retinopathy over 2 years: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 1995; 9: 140–8.
28. Lyons TJ, Jenkins AJ, Zheng D, et al. Diabetic retinopathy and serum lipoprotein subclasses in the DCCT/EDIC cohort. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2004; 45: 910–8.
29. Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL, 3rd, et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22. Archives of Ophthalmology 1996; 114: 1079–84.
30. Lois N, McCarter RV, O’Neill C, Medina RJ, Stitt AW. Endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2014; 5: 44.
31. Torok Z, Peto T, Csosz E, et al. Combined methods for diabetic retinopathy screening, using retina photographs and tear fluid proteomics biomarkers. Journal of Diabetes Research 2015; 2015: 623619.
32. Nguyen-Khuong T, Everest-Dass AV, Kautto L, Zhao Z, Willcox MD, Packer NH. Glycomic characterization of basal tears and changes with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Glycobiology 2015; 25: 269–83.
33. Costagliola C, Romano V, De Tollis M, et al. TNF-alpha levels in tears: a novel biomarker to assess the degree of diabetic retinopathy. Mediators of Inflammation 2013; 2013: 629529.
34. McAuley AK, Sanfilippo PG, Hewitt AW, et al. Vitreous biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 2014; 28: 419–25.
35. Musante L, Tataruch DE, Holthofer H. Use and isolation of urinary exosomes as biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2014; 5: 149.
36. Cheung CY, Ikram MK, Klein R, Wong TY. The clinical implications of recent studies on the structure and function of the retinal microvasculature in diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58: 871–85.
37. Lim LS, Ling LH, Ong PG, et al. Dynamic responses in retinal vessel caliber with flicker light stimulation in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2014; 55: 5207–13.
38. Nguyen TT, Kawasaki R, Wang JJ, et al. Flicker light-induced retinal vasodilation in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 2075–80.
39. Kohner EM, Stratton IM, Aldington SJ, Turner RC, Matthews DR. Microaneurysms in the development of diabetic retinopathy (UKPDS 42). UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 1107–12.
40. Hellstedt T, Immonen I. Disappearance and formation rates of microaneurysms in early diabetic retinopathy. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1996; 80: 135–9.
41. Haritoglou C, Kernt M, Neubauer A, et al. Microaneurysm formation rate as a predictive marker for progression to clinically significant macular edema in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Retina 2014; 34: 157–64.
42. Ribeiro ML, Nunes SG, Cunha-Vaz JG. Microaneurysm turnover at the macula predicts risk of development of clinically significant macular edema in persons with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 1254–9.
43. Han Y, Bearse MA, Jr., Schneck ME, Barez S, Jacobsen CH, Adams AJ. Multifocal electroretinogram delays predict sites of subsequent diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2004; 45: 948–54.
44. Ng JS, Bearse MA, Jr, Schneck ME, Barez S, Adams AJ. Local diabetic retinopathy prediction by multifocal ERG delays over 3 years. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2008; 49: 1622–8.
45. Simo R, Hernandez C, European Consortium for the Early Treatment of Diabetic R. Neurodegeneration is an early event in diabetic retinopathy: therapeutic implications. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2012; 96: 1285–90.
46. Wessel MM, Aaker GD, Parlitsis G, Cho M, D'Amico DJ, Kiss S. Ultra-wide-field angiography improves the detection and classification of diabetic retinopathy. Retina 2012; 32: 785–91.
47. Oliver SC, Schwartz SD. Peripheral vessel leakage (PVL): a new angiographic finding in diabetic retinopathy identified with ultra wide-field fluorescein angiography. Seminars in Ophthalmology 2010; 25: 27–33.
48. Leitgeb RA, Werkmeister RM, Blatter C, Schmetterer L. Doppler optical coherence tomography. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 2014; 41: 26–43.
49. Harazny JM, Raff U, Welzenbach J, et al. New software analyses increase the reliability of measurements of retinal arterioles morphology by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry in humans. Journal of Hypertension 2011; 29: 777–82.
50. Lu G, Fei B. Medical hyperspectral imaging: a review. Journal of Biomedical Optics 2014; 19: 10901.
51. Geirsdottir A, Palsson O, Hardarson SH, Olafsdottir OB, Kristjansdottir JV, Stefansson E. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in healthy individuals. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2012; 53: 5433–42.
52. Kashani AH, Lopez Jaime GR, Saati S, Martin G, Varma R, Humayun MS. Noninvasive assessment of retinal vascular oxygen content among normal and diabetic human subjects: a study using hyperspectral computed tomographic imaging spectroscopy. Retina 2014; 34: 1854–60.
53. Mordant DJ, Al-Abboud I, Muyo G, et al. Spectral imaging of the retina. Eye 2011; 25: 309–20.
54. Maamari RN, Keenan JD, Fletcher DA, Margolis TP. A mobile phone-based retinal camera for portable wide field imaging. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2014; 98: 438–41.
55. Haddock LJ, Kim DY, Mukai S. Simple, inexpensive technique for high-quality smartphone fundus photography in human and animal eyes. Journal of Ophthalmology 2013; 2013: 518479.
56. Bastawrous A. Smartphone fundoscopy. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 432–3 e2; author reply 3.
57. Rajalakshmi R, Arulmalar S, Usha M, et al. Validation of smartphone based retinal photography for diabetic retinopathy screening. PloS one 2015; 10: e0138285.
58. Russo A, Morescalchi F, Costagliola C, Delcassi L, Semeraro F. A novel device to exploit the smartphone camera for fundus photography. Journal of Ophthalmology 2015; 2015: 823139.
59. Figueiredo IN, Kumar S, Oliveira CM, Ramos JD, Engquist B. Automated lesion detectors in retinal fundus images. Computers in Biology and Medicine 2015; 66: 47–65.
60. Winder RJ, Morrow PJ, McRitchie IN, Bailie JR, Hart PM. Algorithms for digital image processing in diabetic retinopathy. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 2009; 33: 608–22.
61. Osareh A, Shadgar B, Markham R. A computational-intelligence-based approach for detection of exudates in diabetic retinopathy images. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 2009; 13: 535–45.
62. Elman MJ, Ayala A, Bressler NM, et al. Intravitreal Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: 5-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology 2015; 122: 375–81.
63. Bessho H, Wong B, Huang D, et al. Effect of Ang-2-VEGF-A bispecific antibody in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Investigation 2015: 1–9.
64. Doppalapudi VR, Huang J, Liu D, et al. Chemical generation of bispecific antibodies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010; 107: 22611–6.
65. Efficacy and Safety of RTH258 Versus Aflibercept – Study 2. Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02434328?term=RTH258&rank=3 (accessed August 2016).
66. Ryder RE, Young S, Vora JP, Atiea JA, Owens DR, Hayes TM. Screening for diabetic retinopathy using Polaroid retinal photography through undilated pupils. Abstract of presentation to the XIIth Congress of the International Diabetes Federation, Madrid, Spain, September 23–28, 1985. Practical Diabetes 1985; 2: 34 – 8.
67. Brinchmann-Hansen O, Engvold O. Microphotometry of the blood column and the light streak on retinal vessels in fundus photographs. Acta Ophthalmologica 1986; 179: 9–19.
68. Fallon TJ, Chowiencyzk P, Kohner E. Measurement of retinal blood flow in diabetes by the blue light entoptic phenomenon. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1986; 70: 43–6.
69. Grey RHB, Morris A. Ophthalmic survey of a diabetic clinic. II. Requirements for treatment of retinopathy. British Journal of Opthalmology 1986; 70(11): 804–7.
70. Grunwald JE, Pistilli M, Ying GS, et al. Growth of geographic atrophy in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology 2015; 122: 809–16.
71. Grunwald JE, Riva C, Sinclair S, Brucker AJ, Petrig BL. Laser Doppler velocimetry study of retinal circulation in diabetes mellitus. Archives of Ophthalmology 1986; 104: 991–6.
72. Regorafenib Eye Drops: Investigation of Efficacy and Safety in Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration (DREAM). Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02222207?term=regorafenib+AMD&rank=1 (accessed August 2016).
73. Korber N. Measurement of retinal blood flow in various pathological conditions by video fluorescence angiography. Klinische Wochenschrift 1986; 64: 950–3.
74. Osswald CR, Kang-Mieler JJ. Controlled and extended release of a model protein from a microsphere–hydrogel drug delivery system. Annals of biomedical engineering 2015; 43(11): 2609–17.
75. Hennig R, Goepferich A. Nanoparticles for the treatment of ocular neovascularizations. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2015; 95: 294–306.
76. Study of the Intravitreal Implantation of NT-503-3 Encapsulated Cell Technology (ECT) for the Treatment of Recurrent Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) Secondary to Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Available at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02228304?term=NT–503&rank=1 (accessed August 2016).
77. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001; 414: 813–20.
78. Simo R, Hernandez C. Novel approaches for treating diabetic retinopathy based on recent pathogenic evidence. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 2015; 48: 160–80.
79. Barot M, Gokulgandhi MR, Patel S, Mitra AK. Microvascular complications and diabetic retinopathy: recent advances and future implications. Future Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 5: 301–14.
80. Sfikakis PP, Grigoropoulos V, Emfietzoglou I, et al. Infliximab for diabetic macular edema refractory to laser photocoagulation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, 32-week study. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1523–8.
81. Wu L, Hernandez-Bogantes E, Roca JA, Arevalo JF, Barraza K, Lasave AF. Intravitreal tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in the treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema: a pilot study from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group. Retina 2011; 31: 298–303.
82. Jakus V, Rietbrock N. Advanced glycation end-products and the progress of diabetic vascular complications. Physiological Research 2004; 53: 131–42.