Chapter 14 - Practice Test 2011

Chapter 14 - Practice Test 2011

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What led to the flood of Irish immigrants entering the United States in the mid-1840s?

a. / potato blight
b. / unsafe working conditions
c. / religious persecution
d. / violent revolution

____ 2. What did the Know-Nothing Party support?

a. / one year residency period before immigrants could gain U.S. citizenship
b. / border patrol to keep sick foreigners from bringing diseases into the country
c. / immigration restrictions to protect the jobs and culture of native-born Americans
d. / education for immigrants who wanted to be involved in the political process

____ 3. The majority of German immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1840s came because the United States had

a. / high-paying skilled jobs.
b. / economic opportunity and freedom from government control.
c. / freedom of religion.
d. / political refuge and support for the revolutionaries at home.

____ 4. What led to the emergence of the middle class during the 1800s?

a. / the nativist movement’s success
b. / declining interest in manufacturing
c. / the growth of industry and cities
d. / improved factory conditions

____ 5. During the mid-1800s, the rate at which a city grew was closely linked to

a. / how accepting the citizens in the region were of immigrants.
b. / the number of manufacturing jobs available in the region.
c. / how suitable the land in the region was for growing cash crops.
d. / the number of middle class women having babies in the region.

____ 6. The term “middle class” refers to the

a. / social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor.
b. / educational rank reformers assigned to intermediate schools.
c. / factory standard used for goods of average cost and quality.
d. / political term for citizens who vote for moderate candidates.

____ 7. In the mid-1800s, which city dwellers most commonly lived in tenements?

a. / skilled workers
b. / immigrants
c. / sanitation workers
d. / farmers

____ 8. What did most cities rely on to fight crime in the mid-1800s?

a. / police forces
b. / volunteer night watches
c. / state troopers
d. / salaried war veterans

____ 9. Which of the following was commonly found in American cities in the mid-1800s?

a. / criminal activity
b. / public fire departments
c. / crowded subways
d. / sanitation services

____ 10. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and Henry David Thoreau were all

a. / Romantic artists.
b. / social reformers.
c. / religious revivalists.
d. / transcendentalist thinkers.

____ 11. The utopian communities founded in the early 1800s were

a. / attempts to form perfect societies.
b. / based on government institutions.
c. / dominated by immigrants.
d. / based on European customs.

____ 12. The writings of transcendentalist thinkers often touched upon which theme?

a. / self-reliance
b. / devotion
c. / charity
d. / revolution

____ 13. Walt Whitman’s simple, unrhymed poetry often expressed the importance of which American values?

a. / organized religion and faith
b. / patriotism and independence
c. / reason and logical thought
d. / individualism and democracy

____ 14. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, and Emily Dickinson were

a. / founders of the common-school movement.
b. / writers during the Romantic period.
c. / thinkers who defined transcendentalism.
d. / leaders of the Second Great Awakening.

____ 15. In late 18th century America, the Second Great Awakening was a period of

a. / rebirth that led to the development of a culture centered on education.
b. / Christian renewal that began in the northeastern United States.
c. / reform that focused on improving the quality of life of the poor.
d. / American revival that brought back pre-Revolutionary War traditions.

____ 16. Which of these ideas did religious leader Charles Grandison Finney express?

a. / Doing good deeds is not proof of faith.
b. / Religious leaders alone can be free from sin.
c. / Men are closer to God than women are.
d. / Salvation is in the hands of the individual.

____ 17. The temperance movement was a

a. / faith-based initiative to restrict the use of alcohol to religious ceremonies.
b. / commercial bid to ban the manufacture of hard liquor and beer by private sellers.
c. / scientific study of the side-effects of daily alcohol consumption on adult males.
d. / reform effort to urge people to use self-discipline to stop drinking hard liquor.

____ 18. What inspired the temperance movement to begin in the 1830s?

a. / Alcohol consumption rose to an all-time high of fifteen gallons per year.
b. / Religious figures began labeling alcohol use an “un-Christian” act.
c. / Countless Americans blamed alcohol abuse for social problems such as crime.
d. / Alcoholism was labeled a “disease” for the first time in medical history.

____ 19. What did reformer Dorothea Dix do to contribute to the prison reform movement in the early 1800s?

a. / spoke of the horrid conditions of prisons and inspired the building of separate facilities for the mentally ill
b. / founded an organization of women that worked together to provide education for imprisoned criminals
c. / organized many protests in hopes of motivating the government to build separate facilities for child offenders
d. / brought America’s attention to the need for prison reform by writing novels detailing the condition of prisons

____ 20. Members of the common-school movement believed that all children should

a. / learn in the same place regardless of their backgrounds.
b. / receive the bulk of their education at home.
c. / learn a trade in school rather than study academic subjects.
d. / attend school for eight hours a day, every day.

____ 21. Which of these contributions did Horace Mann make to the education reform movement in the 19th century?

a. / He developed new ways of instructing students with handicaps.
b. / He fought for improvements to the education of women.
c. / He extended the length of the school year.
d. / He was responsible for the integration of public schools.

____ 22. Which of the following is a result of Thomas Gallaudet’s contribution to education?

a. / free American schools for the deaf and those with hearing-impairments
b. / public schools that have the same quality of education as private schools
c. / educational textbooks for children with different levels of ability
d. / reading and writing materials for visually impaired users of the Roman alphabet

____ 23. What did Catherine Beecher do to reform education in the United States in the mid-1800s?

a. / founded an all-female academy and wrote many essays stressing the importance women’s education
b. / fought for improvements in the training of teachers and the quality of educational materials in the United States
c. / lobbied Congress to increase the budget of public schools and to lengthen the school year for students
d. / opened the first university in the United States focused on the education and enlightenment of women

____ 24. In the mid-1800s, leaders of free African American communities in the North were often influenced by

a. / utopian communities and their focus on cooperation.
b. / Romantic writers and their questioning of Puritanism.
c. / the Second Great Awakening and its spirit of reform.
d. / the temperance movement and its emphasis on self-discipline.

____ 25. Why were many African American schools established in Philadelphia in the mid-1800s?

a. / Of all northern U.S. cities, Philadelphia had the largest African American population.
b. / As a center of Quaker influence, Philadelphia strongly supported the education of African American children.
c. / Laws in other northern cities barred freed African Americans from receiving any kind of education.
d. / Philadelphia’s citizens believed that establishing African American schools would help the abolitionist cause.

____ 26. To spread the abolitionist message throughout the United States in the mid-1800s William Lloyd Garrison

a. / published an antislavery newspaper called the Liberator.
b. / wrote many novels and poems about the injustices of slavery.
c. / traveled around the country giving lectures about the evils of slavery.
d. / founded the American Colonization Society to help slaves obtain freedom.

____ 27. What was Angelina and Sarah Grimké’s contribution to the abolitionist movement?

a. / founding the African colony of Liberia and leading many slaves to safety there
b. / representing the Quaker viewpoint, which challenged slavery on religious grounds
c. / providing jobs and financial support to many fugitive slaves living in the North
d. / writing to attract other white southern women to the effort to abolish slavery

____ 28. What was the goal of the American Anti-Slavery Society?

a. / provision of economic assistance for free African Americans
b. / relocation of all southern slaves to free land in the North
c. / punishment for the inhumane treatment of slaves by slaveholders
d. / immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans

____ 29. What contribution did Harriet Tubman make to the antislavery movement?

a. / As a conductor on the Underground Railroad, she led many fugitive slaves to freedom.
b. / She lectured members of the American Anti-Slavery Society about the evils of slavery.
c. / As the founder of a southern antislavery group, she helped stage many peaceful slave strikes.
d. / She wrote many essays persuading southern slaveholders to join the abolition movement.

____ 30. What did Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth have in common?

a. / They had each learned to read and write as children, despite laws against it.
b. / The Anti-Slavery Society invited each of them to give regular lectures.
c. / They were both former slaves who contributed to the abolitionist cause.
d. / The autobiography was their chosen form for exposing the injustices of slavery.

____ 31. What did the federal government do to block the abolition movement’s progress between 1836 and 1844?

a. / impeached four antislavery northerners in the Senate in order to send a message
b. / opened secret investigations into the private lives of antislavery leaders
c. / indicted all members and associates of the Anti-Slavery Society for treason
d. / issued a gag rule preventing the Congress from discussing antislavery petitions

____ 32. Which factor was largely responsible for making emancipation almost impossible in the South in the early 1800s?

a. / sectionalism linked to the division between the North and South
b. / the South’s economic dependence on slavery
c. / slaveholder’s political influence in the nation’s capital
d. / promotion by northern Christians of religious justifications for slavery

____ 33. The women’s movement for equal rights was an offshoot of the

a. / temperance movement.
b. / education reform movement.
c. / abolitionist movement.
d. / prison reform movement.

____ 34. Why did Sarah Grimké decide never to get married?

a. / Her sister had been involved in an unhappy marriage.
b. / She wanted to dedicate herself entirely to the abolitionist cause.
c. / Laws of the day gave husbands complete control over his wife’s property.
d. / She believed that couples should live together without being married.

____ 35. Women’s work in the reform movement benefited the movement for women’s rights by

a. / attracting men to the women’s movement.
b. / raising money for the women’s movement.
c. / taking legal control of wives’ property from husbands.
d. / illustrating that the sexes were different, not unequal.

____ 36. Which of the following is true about the situation of women in the 1800s?

a. / Large cities allowed women to vote in local elections.
b. / Federal law did not permit women to serve on juries.
c. / Women asking for equality were punished by law.
d. / Only married women could manage their own property.

____ 37. What argument did some women make against the movement for equal rights?

a. / Public speaking and political activism were unladylike.
b. / Inequality between the sexes was natural and good.
c. / Social and moral reform should come from within the home.
d. / Women and men were different rather than unequal.

____ 38. What right did Susan B. Anthony win for women in New York in 1860?

a. / control by married women of their own wages and property
b. / participation by women in the voting and election process
c. / integration of women at all public conventions and events
d. / opportunity for all women to hold even the highest public office

____ 39. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was significant because it

a. / forced the government to discuss petitions against slavery.
b. / marked the start of the organized women’s rights movement.
c. / granted women the right to participate in the voting process.
d. / revealed the need for temperance and educational reforms.

____ 40. The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments was modeled on the

a. / Declaration of Independence (United States, 1776)
b. / Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (France, 1781)
c. / Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (France, 1789)
d. / Declaration of the Rights of Women (United States, 1876)