Chapter 10 Practice Test

Chapter 10 Practice Test

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Nominating conventions contributed to the expansion of democracy in the United States in the 1820s by

a. / drawing media attention to the election.
b. / allowing people to become more active in politics.
c. / granting women and African Americans the vote.
d. / increasing the presidential candidate’s popularity.

____ 2. Which of the following statements is an example of how voting rights were expanded in the early 1800s?

a. / Maryland set religious qualifications for voters.
b. / Some states extended suffrage rights to more white males.
c. / Party leaders began to nominate their parties’ candidates.
d. / Massachusetts granted one-half of a vote to each literate freedman.

____ 3. Which of the following statements describes the social situation of the United States before Jacksonian Democracy?

a. / Hundreds of craftspeople were opening shops in the cities.
b. / Small farmers were profiting from new technologies.
c. / Power was in the hands of a few wealthy individuals.
d. / Ordinary Americans were gaining a voice in government.

____ 4. What was the “spoils system” practiced by newly-elected president Andrew Jackson?

a. / damaging the reputations of one’s political opponents
b. / celebrating one’s victory over a period of months
c. / raising the wages of one’s staff after a victory
d. / rewarding supporters by giving them government jobs

____ 5. What was the main Democratic criticism of John Quincy Adams’s candidacy for the presidency?

a. / He was crude and hot-tempered.
b. / He was out of touch with everyday people.
c. / He was a veteran too invested in the military.
d. / He was a bad judge of character.

____ 6. Study the quotation below and answer the question that follows.

“What a scene did we witness! … a rabble, a mob, of boys … women, children, scrambling, fighting, romping … But it was the people’s day, and the people’s President, and the people would rule.”
—Margaret Bayard Smith, quoted in Eyewitness to America, edited by David Colbert

This eyewitness account describes the

a. / rebellion of common people against a privileged president.
b. / excitement surrounding a popular new president’s inauguration.
c. / mad dash of presidential supporters scrambling for government jobs.
d. / somber occasion of a lame duck president’s last day in office.

____ 7. Who was one of Andrew Jackson’s strongest allies in his official cabinet?

a. / John C. Calhoun
b. / Daniel Webster
c. / Martin Van Buren
d. / William Henry Harrison

____ 8. Northerners opposed the federal government’s sale of public land at cheap prices in the early 1800s because it

a. / attracted unskilled immigrants to the North to settle.
b. / encouraged potential laborers in the North to migrate west.
c. / lured slaveholding plantation owners to move from the South.
d. / increased competition between the North and the South.

____ 9. Northerners supported tariffs in the early 1800s because tariffs helped them compete with

a. / British merchants.
b. / Southern agriculturalists.
c. / British manufacturers.
d. / Southern manufacturers.

____ 10. In the early 1800s southerners opposed tariffs because tariffs

a. / decreased the price of the goods they needed.
b. / angered their European trading partners.
c. / benefited only northern merchants.
d. / were higher in the South than in the North and West.

____ 11. What effect did the Tariff of Abominations have on Andrew Jackson’s America?

a. / It fostered the nation’s hatred of British companies.
b. / It fueled growing sectional differences within the country.
c. / It helped the West, which did not rely on international trade.
d. / It favored the South’s agriculture-based economy.

____ 12. In the early 1800s the frontier West

a. / relied heavily on trade with Britain.
b. / suffered from low property values.
c. / struggled in a climate that often damaged crops.
d. / lacked services such as roads and water transportation.

____ 13. During Andrew Jackson’s presidency westerners supported policies that

a. / boosted the farming economy and encouraged further settlement.
b. / lowered tariffs on manufactured goods from overseas.
c. / expanded the military presence in regional settlements.
d. / maintained the slavery system throughout the country.

____ 14. Arguments over which issue sparked the nullification crisis?

a. / states’ rights
b. / the Tariff of Abominations
c. / economic depression
d. / bank operations

____ 15. How did President Andrew Jackson react to Vice President John C. Calhoun’s views on nullification?

a. / Jackson commended him because he and Calhoun whole-heartedly agreed.
b. / Jackson stood back and let Calhoun be judged by the voting public.
c. / Jackson openly disagreed with Calhoun and watched as Calhoun resigned.
d. / Jackson fired Calhoun over the issue and forced duty collection on the South.

____ 16. The nullification crisis was a dispute over the power of the

a. / states to secede from the Union.
b. / states to reject unconstitutional federal laws.
c. / federal government to end tariffs.
d. / federal government to favor one region over another.

____ 17. What did Vice President John C. Calhoun argue regarding the Tariff of Abominations?

a. / The federal government should have less power than the states.
b. / State governments should have no right to dispute federal laws.
c. / The federal government should favor his region over others.
d. / International trade should be a matter of federal law alone.

____ 18. What was Daniel Webster’s position on states’ rights?

a. / The welfare of the nation should override the concerns of individual states.
b. / Federal authority should be upheld, but federal power should not be expanded.
c. / States needed a way to lawfully protest questionable federal legislation.
d. / Economic problems should dictate which regions executive orders favored.

____ 19. What was Andrew Jackson’s view on the Second Bank of the United States?

a. / It should have the power to act exclusively as the federal government’s financial agent.
b. / It should be mostly privately owned, but supervised by Congress and the president.
c. / It was an unconstitutional extension of Congress that should be controlled by the states.
d. / It was a welfare agency for wealthy politicians that should have its charter revoked.

____ 20. The economic policies adopted by President Jackson before the Panic of 1837

a. / decreased inflation.
b. / privatized state banks.
c. / lowered the national debt.
d. / hurt expansion in the West.

____ 21. In McCulloch v. Maryland the Supreme Court ruled that the

a. / states have more power than the federal government.
b. / national bank was constitutional.
c. / federal government could forcibly collect taxes.
d. / national bank’s charter could be renewed.

____ 22. How did Andrew Jackson set the stage for later economic trouble?

a. / He caused inflation by having state mints print an oversupply of paper state-bank notes.
b. / He caused inflation by moving funds to state banks that gave credit to settlers in the West.
c. / He raised the national debt by moving the national bank’s funds to banks that invested in Britain.
d. / He raised the national debt by spending money on lands that the government already owned.

____ 23. What idea did the Whig Party favor when it formed to oppose Jackson in 1834?

a. / expansion of the federal government
b. / creation of a monarchic state
c. / a weak president and a strong Congress
d. / broadening of the two-party system

____ 24. What contributed to Martin Van Buren’s success in the presidential election of 1837?

a. / the popularity of his stand against a domineering presidency
b. / the successful economic policies of his predecessor
c. / the inability of the opposing party to decide on one candidate
d. / the confidence inspired by his past as an army general

____ 25. What caused the severe economic depression of the Panic of 1837?

a. / President Jackson’s unsuccessful economic policies
b. / Congress’s veto of the creation of a national bank
c. / President Harrison’s excessive investments in the military
d. / President Van Buren’s inability to gain support from the Whig Party

____ 26. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was a

a. / congressionally-approved office established to protect the ways of Native Americans.
b. / federal agency created to manage the removal of Native Americans to the West.
c. / federal agency designed to negotiate with Creek and Chickasaw Indians.
d. / group established by the Mississippi legislature to track Native American deaths.

____ 27. What was most significant about the Choctaw Indians after 1830?

a. / They were the first American Indians removed to Indian Territory.
b. / Their government was the first to be abolished by an American state.
c. / Their example inspired other American Indians to settle in Indian Territory.
d. / They were the first American Indians to be raided by settlers.

____ 28. Where was Indian Territory?

a. / east of the Mississippi River
b. / south of the Blue Ridge Mountains
c. / present-day Oklahoma
d. / present-day Arkansas

____ 29. Who benefited most from Andrew Jackson’s plan to remove American Indians to the West?

a. / American Indians, who gained protection by the U.S. government
b. / Andrew Jackson, who gained public approval as a result of his policy
c. / American farmers, who gained millions of acres of land for settlement
d. / Cherokee Indians, who gained a new model of constitutional government

____ 30. How did the Cherokee people resist removal to Indian Territory?

a. / They adopted the contemporary culture of white Americans.
b. / They traded tribal goods for knives, guns, and other weapons.
c. / They brought a case against the state to a federal court.
d. / They published a newspaper directed toward federal officials.

____ 31. What did the Supreme Court rule in Worcester v. Georgia?

a. / The Cherokee Indians had to move from their land in Georgia.
b. / The state of Georgia had no legal power over the Cherokee.
c. / Only state governments had authority over American Indians.
d. / U.S. troops in any state had the right to remove American Indians.

____ 32. What was Sequoya’s role in Native American history?

a. / He led a Cherokee attack on Georgia troops.
b. / He created a writing system for the Cherokee language.
c. / He sued the state of Georgia for illegal occupation of Cherokee land.
d. / He modeled the first Cherokee government after the U.S. Constitution.

____ 33. Which of the following was a consequence of the Worcester v. Georgia decision?

a. / Georgia ignored the ruling and President Jackson took no action to enforce it.
b. / Georgia allowed the Cherokee nation to establish an independent government.
c. / President Jackson authorized the removal of the Cherokee to Indian Territory.
d. / President Jackson ordered all state troops to keep out of all Indian lands.

____ 34. What aspect of Native American history became known as the “Trail of Tears”?

a. / the streams of blood that flowed from the Sauk Indians in the Black Hawk War
b. / the forced 800-mile march Cherokee Indians made in their removal from Georgia
c. / the line connecting Seminole Indian settlements up and down Florida’s east coast
d. / the unpublished works on the Cherokee population written by Sequoya

____ 35. Based on the example of U.S. government policy toward the Cherokee, why was the United States’ political leadership in such a hurry to uproot the American Indian population?

a. / The promise of resources like gold on tribal grounds outweighed any commitments to American Indian land rights.
b. / The removal of American Indians was politically popular at a time when fearful citizens were migrating west.
c. / Property for farming grew expensive as it became scarce and Americans wanted an opportunity to buy cheap land.
d. / Urban centers struggled with a growing population and city dwellers longed for the freedom of open spaces.

____ 36. Study the map below and answer the question that follows.

Which of the following battles of the Second Seminole War occurred first?

a. / Fort Jupiter
b. / Fort Mellon
c. / Okeechobee
d. / Clinch’s Battle

____ 37. After signing a treaty in 1832 in which they agreed to leave Florida within three years the Seminole Indians

a. / brought a case against the state of Florida.
b. / respected the treaty and took a deadly journey west.
c. / ignored the treaty and resisted removal with force.
d. / stayed in Florida and adopted the culture of white people.

____ 38. Which group did Osceola lead against U.S. troops?

a. / the Sauk
b. / the Fox
c. / the Cherokee
d. / the Seminole

____ 39. Chief Black Hawk was the leader of the

a. / Fox and Sauk who decided to fight U.S. officials rather than leave Illinois.
b. / Seminole who called upon his tribe to resist removal and wound up dying in prison.
c. / Cherokee who persuaded his tribe to appeal to the U.S. Courts instead of using violence.
d. / Chickasaw who negotiated a treaty to get more supplies for the trip to Indian Territory.

Completion

Complete each statement.

40. At public ______, political parties gave people a voice in the process of selecting candidates for president and vice president. (election rallies/nominating conventions)

41. ______’s chances of winning the presidential election of 1828 rose because his heroism during the war made him popular with voters. (Andrew Jackson/John Quincy Adams)