Bushong: Radiologic Science For Technologists: Physics, Biology, And Protection, 8Th Edition

Chapter 22: Mammography

Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 8th Edition

Chapter 22: Mammography

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Soft tissue radiography requires special techniques because of the low

a. / image receptor contrast.
b. / subject contrast.
c. / part thickness.
d. / spatial resolution.

ANS: B

Soft tissue radiography is unique because of the low subject contrast.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Discuss the differences between soft tissue radiography and conventional radiography.

2. When doing soft tissue radiography, the differential absorption between ______and ______must be enhanced.

a. / bone, muscle
b. / muscle, fluid
c. / muscle, fat
d. / fat, air

ANS: C

When doing soft tissue radiography, the differential absorption between muscle and fat must be enhanced.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Discuss the differences between soft tissue radiography and conventional radiography.

3. In soft tissue radiography, all of the tissues being imaged have similar

a. / effective atomic numbers.
b. / mass densities.
c. / Compton interaction.
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

In soft tissue radiography, all the tissues being imaged have similar effective atomic numbers, mass densities, and Compton interaction.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Discuss the differences between soft tissue radiography and conventional radiography.

4. The breast tissue tends to be increasingly ______in older women.

a. / fatty
b. / dense
c. / glandular
d. / fibrous

ANS: A

The breast tissue tends to be increasingly fatty in older women.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the anatomy of the breast.

5. About 80% of breast cancer occurs in ______tissue.

a. / epidermal
b. / adipose
c. / ductal
d. / connective

ANS: C

About 80% of breast cancer occurs in ductal tissue.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the anatomy of the breast.

6. A diagnostic mammogram must be able to demonstrate microcalcifications less than ______in size.

a. / 5000 mm
b. / 3000 mm
c. / 1000 mm
d. / 500 mm

ANS: D

A diagnostic mammogram must be able to demonstrate microcalcifications less than 500 mm in size.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the anatomy of the breast.

7. The American Cancer Society recommends that all women ____ years of age and older have an annual screening mammogram.

a. / 45
b. / 50
c. / 55
d. / 60

ANS: B

The American Cancer Society recommends that all women 50 years of age and older have an annual screening mammogram.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Identify the recommended intervals for self-examination and x-ray examination of the breast.

8. The American Cancer Society recommends biannual screening mammograms for all women

a. / over age 65.
b. / age 30–39.
c. / age 50–59.
d. / age 40–49.

ANS: D

The American Cancer Society recommends biannual screening mammograms for all women age 40–49.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Identify the recommended intervals for self-examination and x-ray examination of the breast.

9. It is recommended that women obtain their first baseline mammogram before the age of ______.

a. / 30
b. / 40
c. / 50
d. / 60

ANS: C

It is recommended that women obtain their first baseline mammogram before the age of 50.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Identify the recommended intervals for self-examination and x-ray examination of the breast.

10. A dedicated mammography unit should have an automatic adjustable ______device.

a. / grid
b. / compression
c. / focal spot
d. / filter

ANS: B

A dedicated mammography unit should have an automatic adjustable compression device.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the unique features of a mammographic imaging system.

11. Every dedicated mammography unit is equipped with a ______.

a. / low ratio grid
b. / high ratio grid
c. / three-phase voltage generator
d. / tungsten filter

ANS: A

Every dedicated mammography unit is equipped with a low ratio grid.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the unique features of a mammographic imaging system.

12. A target of molybdenum or rhodium is preferable in mammography because it reduces the ______.

a. / resolution
b. / scatter
c. / contrast
d. / motion

ANS: B

A target of molybdenum or rhodium is preferable in mammography because it reduces the scatter.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the unique features of a mammographic imaging system.

13. Breast compression has the advantage of lowering

a. / patient dose.
b. / motion blur.
c. / superimpositions.
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

Breast compression has the advantage of lowering patient dose, motion blur, and superimpositions.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Discuss the requirement for compression in mammography.

14. Breast compression is used to ______patient dose and ______focal spot blur.

a. / lower, reduce
b. / lower, increase
c. / raise, reduce
d. / raise, increase

ANS: A

Breast compression is used to lower patient dose and reduce focal spot blur.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Discuss the requirement for compression in mammography.

15. Breast compression increases

a. / contrast resolution.
b. / spatial resolution.
c. / patient dose.
d. / Both a and b.

ANS: D

Breast compression increases contrast resolution and spatial resolution.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Discuss the requirement for compression in mammography.

16. Mammograms are taken with ______cassettes.

a. / double screen
b. / single screen
c. / non-screen
d. / Both a and b.

ANS: B

Mammograms are taken with single screen cassettes.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the image receptors used in mammography and the spatial resolution obtained.

17. The spatial resolution is improved in mammography by always placing the emulsion side of the film ______the screen and ______the tube.

a. / away from, away from
b. / against, toward
c. / against, away from
d. / away from, toward

ANS: C

The spatial resolution is improved in mammography by always placing the emulsion side of the film against the screen and away from the tube.

DIF: Difficult

OBJ: Describe the image receptors used in mammography and the spatial resolution obtained.

18. Cassettes used in mammography are specially designed with

a. / tighter film-screen contact.
b. / high Z front covers.
c. / double screens.
d. / looser spring latches.

ANS: A

Cassettes used in mammography are specially designed with tighter film-screen contact.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the image receptors used in mammography and the spatial resolution obtained.

19. Mammography currently uses ______film.

a. / direct exposure
b. / xeroradiography
c. / double-emulsion
d. / single-emulsion

ANS: D

Mammography currently uses single-emulsion film.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Explain the differences between diagnostic and screening mammography.

20. Screening mammography requires ___ view(s) of each breast, whereas diagnostic mammography requires ______views.

a. / one, two or more
b. / two, two or more
c. / three, three or more
d. / four, four or more

ANS: B

Screening mammography requires two views of each breast, whereas diagnostic mammography requires two or more views.

DIF: Difficult

OBJ: Explain the differences between diagnostic and screening mammography.

Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 8th Edition

Chapter 23: Mammography Quality Control

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A quality assurance program includes measures of

a. / patient satisfaction.
b. / processor quality control.
c. / equipment function.
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

A quality assurance program includes measures of patient satisfaction, processor quality control, and equipment function.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Define quality control and its relationship to quality assurance.

2. The ______is responsible for supervising quality assurance.

a. / chief radiologist
b. / mammographer
c. / department manager
d. / medical physicist

ANS: A

The chief radiologist is responsible for supervising quality assurance.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Define quality control and its relationship to quality assurance.

3. The purpose of a quality assurance program is to maintain maximum ______with minimum ______.

a. / equipment function, department costs
b. / patient satisfaction, exam time
c. / quality mammograms, patient dose
d. / patient care, exam time

ANS: C

The purpose of a quality assurance program is to maintain quality mammograms with minimum patient dose.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Define quality control and its relationship to quality assurance.

4. The mammography quality control program is outlined by the

a. / radiologist department.
b. / Mammography Quality Standards Act.
c. / state governments.
d. / Bureau of Radiation Health.

ANS: B

The mammography quality control program is outlined by the Mammography Quality Standards Act.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Define quality control and its relationship to quality assurance.

5. The average glandular dose to mammography patients must be tested annually by the

a. / mammographer.
b. / radiologist.
c. / medical physicist.
d. / department manager.

ANS: C

The average glandular dose to mammography patients must be tested annually by the medical physicist.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

6. The team of ______is responsible for mammography quality control.

a. / mammographer and QC technologist
b. / mammographer, radiologist, and medical physicist
c. / medical physicist, staff manager, and chief radiologist
d. / staff manager and medical physicist

ANS: B

The team of mammographer, radiologist, and medical physicist is responsible for mammography quality control.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: List the members of the quality control team in radiology.

7. The ______is responsible for selecting the medical physicist and mammographers responsible for quality control.

a. / radiologist
b. / department manager
c. / chief mammographer
d. / federal government

ANS: A

The radiologist is responsible for selecting the medical physicist and mammographers responsible for quality control.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

8. The medical physicist is responsible for ______performance evaluation of the imaging equipment.

a. / quarterly
b. / semiannual
c. / biannual
d. / annual

ANS: D

The medical physicist is responsible for annual performance evaluation of the imaging equipment.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

9. The ______is responsible for measurement of the mammogram viewing conditions.

a. / darkroom technologist
b. / mammographer
c. / medical physicist
d. / radiologist

ANS: C

The medical physicist is responsible for measurement of the mammogram viewing conditions.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

10. When is the QC evaluation of the equipment performed?

a. / once a year
b. / when major components are replaced
c. / when repairs are needed
d. / Both a and b.

ANS: D

Equipment QC is done annually and when major components are replaced.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

11. One responsibility of the radiologist is to track

a. / patient communications.
b. / film repeat analysis.
c. / darkroom conditions.
d. / equipment performance.

ANS: A

One responsibility of the radiologist is to track patient communications.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

12. The medical physicist is responsible for the

a. / monthly equipment check.
b. / quarterly conference with the radiologist.
c. / annual artifact evaluation.
d. / semiannual compression check

ANS: C

The medical physicist is responsible for the annual artifact evaluation.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

13. The role of medical physicist includes

a. / performing annual performance evaluations of equipment.
b. / consulting with the mammographers concerning QC.
c. / reviewing the QC records to check for compliance.
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

The role of medical physicist includes performing annual performance evaluations of equipment, consulting with the mammographers concerning QC, and reviewing the QC records to check for compliance.

DIF: Difficult

OBJ: Describe the role of the radiologist and the medical physicist in quality control.

14. The mammographer should ______on a monthly basis.

a. / do a repeat analysis
b. / complete a visual checklist
c. / perform processor quality control
d. / review phantom images

ANS: B

The mammographer should complete a visual checklist on a monthly basis.

DIF: Difficult

OBJ: Itemize the mammographer's quality control duties on a weekly, monthly, and annual basis.

15. How often should the mammographer perform the quality control test for screen-film contact?

a. / daily
b. / weekly
c. / monthly
d. / semiannually

ANS: D

The mammographer performs the quality control test for screen-film contact semiannually.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Itemize the mammographer's quality control duties on a weekly, monthly, and annual basis.

16. The first step in quality control is the daily

a. / darkroom cleaning.
b. / sensitometric strip.
c. / screen cleaning.
d. / phantom images.

ANS: A

The first step in quality control is the daily darkroom cleaning.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: List the processor quality control steps.

17. Every daily sensitometry strip should be fed into the processor

a. / emulsion side down.
b. / on the same edge of the feed tray.
c. / with the least exposed end first.
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

Every daily sensitometry strip should be fed into the processor under identical conditions each time.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: List the processor quality control steps.

18. Once control values are set, the daily speed index (mid density) and contrast index (density difference) should not vary more than _____ from the control.

a. / 0.10
b. / 0.15
c. / 0.20
d. / 0.25

ANS: B

Once control values are set, the daily speed index (mid density) and contrast index (density difference) should not vary more than 0.15 from the control.

DIF: Difficult OBJ: List the processor quality control steps.

19. The processor quality control begins with daily tests for

a. / developer temperature and darkroom fog.
b. / fixer retention and darkroom fog.
c. / developer temperature and sensitometric values.
d. / fixer retention and sensitometric values.

ANS: C

The processor quality control begins with daily tests for developer temperature and sensitometric values.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: List the processor quality control steps.

20. The sensitometry strip step with the optical density closest to, but not less than, ____ is the speed index (mid density) step.

a. / 1.2
b. / 1.5
c. / 2.2
d. / 2.5

ANS: A

The speed index (mid density) is the sensitometry strip step with the optical density closest to 1.2.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: List the processor quality control steps.