Biology Chapter 14 TEST (2010)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
a. / 2b. / 23
c. / 44
d. / 46
____ 2. Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?
a. / homologous chromosomesb. / sex chromosomes
c. / autosomes
d. / all of the above
____ 3. Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?
a. / a change in a DNA baseb. / an extra chromosome
c. / genes
d. / alleles
____ 4. In humans, a male has
a. / one X chromosome only.b. / two X chromosomes.
c. / one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
d. / two Y chromosomes.
____ 5. Human females produce egg cells that have
a. / one X chromosome.b. / two X chromosomes.
c. / one X or one Y chromosome.
d. / one X and one Y chromosome.
____ 6. What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
a. / 10%b. / 25%
c. / 50%
d. / 75%
____ 7. What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome?
a. / 0%b. / 25%
c. / 50%
d. / 100%
____ 8. A human female inherits
a. / one copy of every gene located on each of the X chromosomes.b. / twice as many sex chromosomes as a human male inherits.
c. / one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome.
d. / all of the same genes that a human male inherits.
____ 9. In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
a. / male.b. / female.
c. / child.
d. / adult.
____ 10. A pedigree CANNOT be used to
a. / determine whether a trait is inherited.b. / show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next.
c. / determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive.
d. / none of the above
____ 11. Which of the following would you be least likely to see in a pedigree?
a. / All of the symbols are unshaded.b. / All of the symbols are shaded.
c. / All of the symbols are half-shaded.
d. / About half of the symbols are circles.
____ 12. Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele?
a. / Huntington’s diseaseb. / PKU
c. / Tay-Sachs disease
d. / none of the above
____ 13. Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles?
a. / Rh blood groupb. / ABO blood group
c. / PKU
d. / Huntington’s disease
____ 14. A person who has PKU
a. / inherited the recessive allele for the trait from one parent.b. / inherited the recessive allele for the trait from both parents.
c. / is heterozygous for the trait.
d. / will not pass the allele for the trait to his or her offspring.
____ 15. Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype?
a. / IAIA and IAIBb. / IBIB and IBi
c. / IBIB and IAIB
d. / IBi and ii
____ 16. If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring’s blood type?
a. / AB or Ob. / A, B, or O
c. / A, B, AB, or O
d. / AB only
____ 17. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. / A person with Huntington’s disease might not pass the allele for the disease to his or her offspring.b. / A person with Huntington’s disease might be homozygous for the disease.
c. / Huntington’s disease is caused by a recessive allele.
d. / A person who inherits one allele for Huntington’s disease will develop the disease.
____ 18. Sickle cell disease is caused by a
a. / change in one DNA base.b. / change in the size of a chromosome.
c. / change in two genes.
d. / change in the number of chromosomes in a cell.
____ 19. In cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to
a. / become less soluble.b. / fold improperly.
c. / destroy the cell membrane.
d. / transport sodium ions instead of chloride ions.
____ 20. Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease
a. / is longer.b. / is shorter.
c. / has a different sequence of amino acids.
d. / is wider.
____ 21. Which of the following does NOT lead to cystic fibrosis?
a. / missing codon in mRNAb. / shorter CFTR polypeptide chain
c. / point mutation
d. / absence of CFTR in cell membrane
____ 22. People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because
a. / they are resistant to malaria.b. / they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.
c. / their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t cause their red blood cells to become sickle-shaped.
d. / they do not produce abnormal hemoglobin.
____ 23. The sequencing of human chromosomes 21 and 22 showed that
a. / some regions of chromosomes do not code for proteins.b. / all of the DNA of chromosomes codes for proteins.
c. / different chromosomes have the same number of genes.
d. / different chromosomes contain the same number of DNA bases.
____ 24. Alleles found on the same chromosomes
a. / are dominant.b. / are never separated by recombination.
c. / are linked.
d. / contain repetitive DNA.
____ 25. The long stretches of repetitive DNA in chromosomes 21 and 22 are unstable sites
a. / that contain genes.b. / where rearrangements occur.
c. / that cause genetic disorders.
d. / that do not allow crossing-over to occur.
____ 26. Many sex-linked genes are located on
a. / the autosomes.b. / the X chromosome only.
c. / the Y chromosome only.
d. / both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome.
____ 27. Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
a. / fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only.b. / the allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome.
c. / the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.
d. / males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness.
____ 28. Which of the following statements is true?
a. / Females cannot have hemophilia.b. / The father of a colorblind boy may be colorblind.
c. / A sex-linked allele cannot be dominant.
d. / The mother of a colorblind boy must be colorblind.
____ 29. Which of the following form(s) a Barr body?
a. / the Y chromosome in a male cellb. / the X chromosome in a male cell
c. / one of the X chromosomes in a female cell
d. / both of the X chromosomes in a female cell
____ 30. The formation of a Barr body
a. / causes the genes on one of the X chromosomes in a female cell to be switched off.b. / always causes the same X chromosome in a female’s cells to be switched off.
c. / switches on the Y chromosome in a male cell.
d. / none of the above
____ 31. A cat that has spots of only one color
a. / has no Barr bodies.b. / must be a male.
c. / must be a female.
d. / may be a male or a female.
____ 32. The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
a. / nondisjunction.b. / X-chromosome inactivation.
c. / Turner’s syndrome.
d. / Down syndrome.
____ 33. Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born
a. / with one X chromosome.b. / with three X chromosomes.
c. / without an X chromosome.
d. / with four X chromosomes.
____ 34. Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female?
a. / XYb. / XXY
c. / XXXY
d. / XX
____ 35. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
a. / only two gametes may form instead of four.b. / some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes.
c. / the chromatids do not separate.
d. / it occurs during prophase.
____ 36. Nondisjunction can involve
a. / autosomes.b. / sex chromosomes.
c. / homologous chromosomes.
d. / all of the above
____ 37. Scientists test for alleles that cause human genetic disorders by
a. / making karyotypes.b. / making DNA fingerprints.
c. / detecting the DNA sequences found in those alleles.
d. / making pedigrees.
____ 38. The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that
a. / the most important genes are different among most people.b. / no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA.
c. / most genes are dominant.
d. / most people have DNA that contains repeats.
____ 39. What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical patterns of bands?
a. / The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints almost certainly came from the same person.b. / The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from two different people.
c. / The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from the same person.
d. / The DNA repeats that formed the bands in each DNA fingerprint are the same length.
____ 40. The Human Genome Project is an attempt to
a. / make a DNA fingerprint of every person’s DNA.b. / sequence all human DNA.
c. / cure human diseases.
d. / identify alleles in human DNA that are recessive.
____ 41. The human genome was sequenced
a. / by sequencing each gene on each chromosome, one at a time.b. / using DNA fingerprinting.
c. / by looking for overlapping regions between sequenced DNA fragments.
d. / using open reading frames.
____ 42. Which of the following information CANNOT be obtained from the Human Genome Project?
a. / causes of genetic disordersb. / amino acid sequences of human proteins
c. / locations of genes on chromosomes
d. / whether an allele is dominant or recessive
____ 43. The purpose of gene therapy is to
a. / cure genetic disorders.b. / determine the sequences of genes.
c. / remove mutations from genes.
d. / change dominant alleles to recessive alleles.
____ 44. Which of the following is the first step in gene therapy?
a. / splicing the normal gene to viral DNAb. / allowing recombinant viruses to infect human cells
c. / using restriction enzymes to cut out the normal gene from DNA
d. / identifying the faulty gene that causes the disease
____ 45. Gene therapy is successful if the
a. / viruses carrying the replacement gene infect the person’s cells.b. / replacement gene is replicated in the person’s cells.
c. / replacement gene is transcribed in the person’s cells.
d. / replacement gene is successfully spliced to viral DNA.
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 14-1
46. Inferring In the human karyotype in Figure 14-1, what are the chromosomes in each numbered group called?
47. Comparing and Contrasting In Figure 14-1, how are the chromosomes that make up each numbered pair similar?
48. Classifying Which chromosomes in Figure 14-1 are autosomes?
49. Interpreting Graphics In the human karyotype in Figure 14-1, how many chromosomes are shown?
50. Drawing Conclusions Identify the sex chromosomes in Figure 14-1. Does the karyotype show the normal number of sex chromosomes? Explain.
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
The pedigree shows the inheritance of free earlobes and attached earlobes in five generations of a family. Attached earlobes are caused by a recessive allele (f). Half-shaded symbols are NOT used in this pedigree to show carriers of the allele.
Figure 14-2
51. Inferring Is individual 2 in Figure 14-2 homozygous or heterozygous for free earlobes? Explain.
52. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 14-2, how many children of individuals 4 and 5 have attached earlobes?
53. Inferring Can you be certain of the genotype of individual 5 in Figure 14-2? Explain.
54. Predicting Predict the genotype and phenotype of individual 14 in Figure 14-2.
55. Inferring In Figure 14-2, are any of the descendants of individuals 1 and 2 homozygous for free earlobes?
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
To determine a person’s blood type, a drop of anti-A serum and a drop of anti-B serum are placed at either end of a microscope slide. Then, a drop of the person’s blood is added to each drop of serum. Clumping in anti-A serum or anti-B serum indicates the presence of antigen A or antigen B in the blood, respectively.
Figure 14-3
56. Interpreting Graphics Which numbered slide in Figure 14-3 shows type B blood?
57. Inferring In Figure 14-3, which slide shows the blood of a person who can safely receive any type of blood in a transfusion? Identify the person’s blood type.
58. Interpreting Graphics Which slide in Figure 14-3 shows blood that contains no antigens? How do you know?
59. Inferring In Figure 14-3, what is the genotype or genotypes of the person whose blood is shown in slide 1?
60. Inferring Anti-sera are extracted from blood. Based on what is shown in Figure 14-3, what type of blood does not contain anti-A or anti-B serum? Explain why?