BASIC ECOLOGY NOTES PPT WORKSHEET
What is ecology?
______- the scientific______of ______between ______and their______, focusing on ______transfer
• It is a science of______.
What do you mean by environment?
The environment is made up of _____ factors:
· ______factors- all ______organisms inhabiting the Earth
· ______factors- ______parts of the environment (i.e.______, soil, ______, moisture, _____ currents)
______- any ______or ______form exhibiting all of the characteristics of life, an______.
• The ______level of organization
______-a group of organisms ______living in the same ______at the same ______that ______& ______with each other for ______(ex. food, mates, shelter)
______- ______interacting ______that inhabit a ______environment and are ______.
______- populations in a ______& the ______factors with which they interact (ex.______, terrestrial)
______- life supporting portions of ______composed of air, ______, fresh water, and salt water.
• The ______level of organization
Habitat vs. Niche
______- the ______a species plays in a community (job)
______- the ______in which an organism ______out its life (address)
A ______is determined by the ______of an organism, or a______.
______factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that ______the ______of organisms in a specific environment.
Examples of limiting factors-
• Amount of ______
• Amount of ______
• ______
Feeding Relationships
• There are ___ main types of feeding relationships
1. ______- ______
2. ______- ______
3. ______- ______
______- all ______(plants), they trap ______from the ______
- ______of the food chain
______- all______: they ______containing the sun’s energy
• ______
• Carnivores
• ______
• Decomposers
Herbivores
– Eat ______
• ______consumers
• ______animals
Carnivores
- Eat ______
• ______
– ______prey animals for food.
• ______
– Feed on ______, dead animals
Omnivores
- Eat ______plants and animals
Decomposers
• ______the complex compounds of ______and decaying plants and animals into simpler ______that can be ______
Symbiotic Relationships
______- _____ species living ______
___ Types of symbiosis:
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
______- ____ species ______and the other is ______harmed nor helped
Ex. ______on a tree, ______bears and cyanobacteria
______: A______, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that ______on another plant upon which it ______for mechanical support but ____for______. Also called aerophyte,______.
______- _____ species ______(parasite) and the ______is ______(host)
• Parasite-______relationship
Ex. lampreys, ______, fleas, ______, tapeworms
______- ______to ______species
Ex. cleaning ______and cleaner shrimp, ______
Symbiosis Review
Type of relationship / Species harmed / Species benefits / Species neutral1.
2.
3.
Trophic Levels
• Each ______in a food ______is known as a ______level.
• Trophic levels ______a feeding ______in the ______of ______and matter in an ecosystem.
______- the ______of ______matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat.
• As you move ___ a food chain, both available ______& ______.
• ______is transferred upwards but is ______with each transfer.
______chain- ______model that shows how matter and ______move through an ecosystem
Draw a sample food chain that you might see in Virginia: include a producer, a primary consumer, a secondary consumer, and a tertiary consumer
______
Food ______- shows ____ possible feeding ______in a community at each ______level
• Represents a ______of interconnected food ______
Food chain- just ___ path of energy
Food web- ____ possible energy paths
Nutrient Cycles
Cycling maintains ______(balance) in the environment.
• ___ cycles to investigate:
1. ______cycle
2. ______cycle
3. ______cycle
______cycle- evaporation, ______, condensation, ______
______cycle- ______and ______cycle carbon and ______through the environment.
______cycle-
______nitrogen (N2) makes up nearly ___ %-___ % of air.
Organisms ______use it in that form.
______and ______convert nitrogen into ______forms.
Only in certain ______and industrial ______can _____ nitrogen.
Nitrogen______ - ______atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ______(NH4+) which can be ______to make organic compounds like______.
Nitrogen-fixing______: Some live in a ______relationship with plants of the ______family (e.g., soybeans, clover,______).
• Some ______-fixing bacteria live ______in the______.
• Nitrogen-fixing ______are essential to maintaining the fertility of semi-______environments like ______paddies.
______in food chains-
While energy ______as it moves up the food chain, ______in potency.
• This is called ______
Ex: ______& Bald ______
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