APES PRACTICE QUIZ AIR POLLUTION CH. 19
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. A lichen is a mutualistic relationship between
a. / an alga and a fungus.b. / a dinoflagellate and a coral.
c. / a coral and a fungus.
d. / a coral and an alga.
e. / a sea anemone and a clown fish.
____ 2. Lichens can track air pollution to its source because they
a. / live a long time.b. / stay in one place.
c. / widespread.
d. / All of these answers.
e. / None of these answers.
____ 3. You send up a weather balloon that monitors temperature changes in the atmosphere. Initially, the temperature drops as the balloon rises. Suddenly, there is a reversal and the temperature starts to rise. This boundary would be the
a. / the tropopause.b. / the stratopause.
c. / the minipause.
d. / the mesopause.
e. / the thermopause.
____ 4. Stratospheric ozone
a. / screens out ultraviolet radiation.b. / allowed the evolution of life on land.
c. / prevents ozone formation in the troposphere.
d. / helps protect humans from sunburn and cataracts.
e. / All of these answers.
____ 5. Ozone which contributes to the formation of smog is found in the
a. / troposphere.b. / thermosphere.
c. / mesosphere.
d. / stratosphere.
e. / mesopause.
____ 6. Each of the following is one of the major classes of outdoor pollutants except
a. / carbon oxides.b. / smog.
c. / nitrogen oxides.
d. / sulfur oxides.
e. / photochemical oxidants.
____ 7. All of the following are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) except
a. / methane.b. / chlorofluorocarbon.
c. / carbon monoxide.
d. / benzene.
e. / propane.
____ 8. In 1948, where was the first documented air pollution disaster in the United States?
a. / Los Angeles, CAb. / Trenton, NJ
c. / Donora, PA
d. / Newark, NJ
e. / Denver, CO
____ 9. The most harmful forms of suspended particulate matter (SPM) are typically
a. / fine particles (PM-10) and ultra fine particles (PM-2.5)b. / coarse particles (PM-15) and fine particles (PM-10)
c. / aerosols
d. / sea salt nuclei
e. / wild fire particles
____ 10. Toxic lead particles are derived from all but which of the following?
a. / burning coalb. / leaded gasoline
c. / smelting lead ores
d. / natural gas processing
e. / All of the above emit toxic lead particles
____ 11. What do all volatile organic compounds have in common?
a. / all are carbon basedb. / all are produced from man made sources
c. / all are emitted for processing and/or burning fossil fuels
d. / all are colorless, odorless reactive gases
e. / all are naturally occurring colorless and odorless gases found in rocks and vegetation
____ 12. Which of the following is not a volatile organic compound?
a. / benzeneb. / carbon dioxide
c. / methane
d. / isoprene
e. / vinyl chloride
____ 13. Photochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants interact with
a. / sunlight.b. / water vapor.
c. / sulfur dioxide.
d. / oxygen.
e. / carbon.
____ 14. Primary pollutants from burning coal include all of the following except
a. / carbon monoxide.b. / sulfur dioxide.
c. / soot.
d. / ozone.
e. / carbon dioxide.
____ 15. Which is of the following would be likely to increase outdoor air pollution?
a. / Wide open landscapes transport pollutants.b. / Hills and valleys increase the flow of air in valleys
c. / Higher temperatures decrease chemical reactions leading to more photochemical smog formation.
d. / FOC emissions from certain trees and plants can play a large role in creating photochemical smog.
e. / Temperature inversions can help to disperse pollutants.
____ 16. The city in the United States distinguished by having the toughest pollution control program and the greatest air pollution problem is
a. / New York City.b. / Birmingham, Alabama.
c. / Los Angeles.
d. / Boston.
e. / Atlanta.
____ 17. Tall chimneys
a. / are expensive ways to disperse pollution.b. / cannot carry the pollutants above any local inversion layer.
c. / are an output approach to pollution.
d. / increase pollution in upwind areas.
e. / All of these answers.
____ 18. Typical rain in the eastern United States has a pH of
a. / 3.6.b. / 4.6.
c. / 5.6.
d. / 6.6.
e. / 7.6.
____ 19. Acid deposition is best classified as a
a. / local problem.b. / state problem.
c. / regional problem.
d. / national problem.
e. / international problem.
____ 20. Western and eastern Europe are the source of most of the acid deposition in
a. / Israel.b. / Iran.
c. / Canada.
d. / Austria.
e. / Germany.
____ 21. Experts rate acid rain as a
a. / high-risk ecological and human health problem.b. / medium-risk ecological problem and high-risk human health problem.
c. / high-risk ecological and low-risk human health problem.
d. / medium-risk ecological and human health problem.
e. / high-risk ecological problem and no-risk human health problem.
____ 22. In general, acid deposition has harmful effects for terrestrial ecosystems when it falls below a pH level of
a. / 3.6.b. / 4.6.
c. / 5.6.
d. / 6.6.
e. / 7.6.
____ 23. Acid deposition has been linked to
a. / contamination of fish with highly toxic methylmercury.b. / excessive soil nitrogen levels.
c. / reduced nutrient uptake by tree roots.
d. / weakening trees so they become more susceptible to other types of damage.
e. / All of these answers.
____ 24. Experts rate indoor air pollution as a
a. / high-risk health problem for humans.b. / medium-risk health problem for humans.
c. / low-risk health problem for humans.
d. / high-risk ecological problem.
e. / None of these answers.
____ 25. Of the following, the least vulnerable to air pollution are
a. / sick people.b. / pregnant women.
c. / infants and children.
d. / white-collar workers.
e. / smokers.
____ 26. EPA studies concluded all but the following:
a. / Levels of 22 common pollutant are generally two-t five times higher inside U.S. homes ad commercial building that outdoorsb. / In some cases, levels of 22 common pollutants can be up to 100 times higher inside U.S. homes and commercial buildings that outdoors.
c. / Pollution levels inside cars in traffic-clogged urban areas can be up to 18 times higher than outside.
d. / The health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants are magnified because most people in developed countries spend 70-98% of their times indoors or inside vehicles
e. / Indoor air pollution from ground level ozone is much worse than ozone levels in traffic-clogged areas outdoors.
____ 27. Sick Building Syndrome is linked to all of the following except
a. / headaches.b. / coughing and sneezing.
c. / lung cancer.
d. / chronic fatigue.
e. / burning eyes.
____ 28. Furniture stuffing, paneling, particle board, and foam insulation may be sources of
a. / chloroform.b. / formaldehyde.
c. / carbon monoxide.
d. / asbestos.
e. / sulfur dioxide.
____ 29. Exposure to indoor formaldehyde pollution is least likely to cause
a. / ulcers.b. / headaches.
c. / chronic breathing problems.
d. / dizziness.
e. / sore throat.
____ 30. Humans are protected from air pollution by
a. / sneezing and coughing.b. / mucus capturing small particles.
c. / nasal hairs filtering out large particles.
d. / tiny mucus-coated hairlike structures called cilia.
e. / All of these answers.
____ 31. The people least vulnerable to air pollution are
a. / infants.b. / elderly people.
c. / adult males.
d. / people with heart and respiratory disease.
e. / pregnant women.
____ 32. According to a 2005 EPA report, pollution levels from all but which of the following was reduced between 1970 and 2004?
a. / leadb. / Suspended particulate matter
c. / ground level ozone levels
d. / carbon monoxide
e. / sulfur dioxide
____ 33. Of the following strategies to reduce emissions of pollutants from stationary sources, the one which is least likely to help over the long run is
a. / burning low-sulfur coal.b. / removing sulfur from coal.
c. / dispersing pollutants above the thermal inversion layer.
d. / shifting to less polluting fuels.
e. / convert coal to a liquid or gaseous fuel.
____ 34. Particulates can be removed from stack exhaust gases by all of the following methods except
a. / baghouse filters.b. / wet scrubbers.
c. / mini-incinerators.
d. / cyclone separators.
e. / electrostatic precipitator.
____ 35. Of the following motor vehicle fuels, the greatest polluter is
a. / gasoline.b. / hydrogen gas.
c. / alcohol.
d. / natural gas.
e. / battery.
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 36. Air pollution is worsened by burning fossil fuels, as well as by increasing carbon dioxide emissions.
____ 37. Over the past 30 years, the quality of outdoor air in most developed countries has greatly improved.
____ 38. Secondary pollutants can be classified by the source of pollution, such as stationary sources or mobile sources.
____ 39. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, human activity released few gases into the atmosphere, but now due to population growth, fossil fuel burning, and deforestation, we are severely disturbing the combination of gases in the atmosphere.
____ 40. The next step in controlling air pollution is to control emission, impose stricter standards, and tax pollution.
Completion
Complete each statement.
41. A(An) ______may occur during the movement of a cold front or result from the infiltration of ocean air by a cooler onshore breeze.
42. Natural causes of ______include volcano emissions, lightning, and microbial processes.
43. Cigarette smoking is a major human source of ______, which is poisonous to air-breathing animals.
44. Tall buildings, mountains, and high temperatures all contribute to ______.
45. The ______established air pollution regulations for pollutants to be enforced by states and cities.
Matching
____ 46. On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents substances that can form by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with organic compounds.
____ 47. On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents a substance that is formed from the photolysis of nitrogen dioxide but can also result from stratospheric penetrations.
____ 48. On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents the substance that can result from the addition of water to nitrogen dioxide.
____ 49. On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents the substance for which formaldehyde is an example.
APES PRACTICE QUIZ AIR POLLUTION CH. 19
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E
2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M
3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E
TOP: Structure and Science of the Atmosphere
4. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D
TOP: Structure and Science of the Atmosphere
5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Air Pollution
6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Air Pollution
7. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Air Pollution
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Air Pollution
9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Air Pollution
10. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Air Pollution
11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Air Pollution
12. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Air Pollution
13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Urban Outdoor Air Pollution
14. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Urban Outdoor Air Pollution
15. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Urban Outdoor Air Pollution
16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Urban Outdoor Air Pollution
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Acid Deposition
18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Acid Deposition
19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Acid Deposition
20. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Acid Deposition
21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Acid Deposition
22. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Acid Deposition
23. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Acid Deposition
24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Indoor Air Pollution
25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Indoor Air Pollution
26. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Indoor Air Pollution
27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Indoor Air Pollution
28. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Indoor Air Pollution
29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Indoor Air Pollution
30. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Health Effects of Air Pollution
31. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Health Effects of Air Pollution
32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M
TOP: Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
33. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M
TOP: Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M
TOP: Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
35. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M
TOP: Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
TRUE/FALSE
36. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: E
37. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: E
38. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: M
39. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: M
40. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: D
COMPLETION
41. ANS: temperature inversion
PTS: 1 DIF: D
42. ANS: acid deposition
PTS: 1 DIF: D
43. ANS: carbon monoxide
PTS: 1 DIF: E
44. ANS: increased air pollution
PTS: 1 DIF: D
45. ANS: Clean Air Acts
PTS: 1 DIF: E
MATCHING
46. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M OBJ: Labeling
47. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M OBJ: Labeling
48. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M OBJ: Labeling
49. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M OBJ: Labeling