Anna M. Cienciala. History 557. Spring 2002.
Wes. 4002.
TR 1.00 - 2.20.
NATIONALISM AND COMMUNISM IN EAST CENTRAL EUROPE FROM 1772 TO THE PRESENT.
Note on Terminology.
Today, the term East Central Europe is sometimes used to mean the whole region between Ger many in the West and Belorussia and Ukraine in the East, as well as all the lands from the Baltic Sea in the North to the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas in the South. (See: Paul R. Magocsi, Historical Atlas of East Central Europe, Seattle, Wash., 1994).
East Central Europe is the title of this course, but in the course itself the term is used to mean the northern tier of the states: Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary, and the history of their peoples is emphasized in the course.
The term Balkans or South Eastern Europe means the states of Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and the lands of former Yugoslavia. These people receive less coverage in the course.
The Baltic States receive peripheral treatment with reference to Russia and Scandinavia.
During the Communist period (1945-1989), the term Eastern Europe meant the satellite states of the USSR plus the independent communist state of Yugoslavia, but not Greece, which was not communist. In this course, it is used to mean the whole region from Poland in the north to Greece in the south.
Material on the Internet and Reserve Desk.
1. The Lecture Notes and Bibliographies, also this Syllabus, are on the Internet. (Blackboard). The Lecture Notes are the Text for this course. They should be read in the week in which they are listed on the syllabus.
The Lecture Notes are under: “Documents.” The Syllabus, Guide to Writing Papers and Book Reports, also the 3 part Bibliography, are under “Course Information.”
For access instructions to Blackboard, see end of “Information on the Course” (after syllabus).
If you have any problems in accessing the above material, please e-mail:
2. The Readings listed the Internet (Xanedu), are also in print on the Reserve Desk. They should be read in the week in which they are listed.
3. Other readings listed on the Reserve Desk are to be used as optional supplemental readings, and must be used if relevant to the book or topic in writing book reports and papers. NOTE: Items on Res. Desk are listed there according to title.
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Week 1. Jan.17. About this course. What’s in a Name and the Subdivisions of Eastern Europe.
Video : TBA
Reading:Internet and Res. Desk.
(Daniel Chirot, ed.,) The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe, ch. 1. Causes and Consequences, pp. 1-14.
(Piotr W.Wandycz) The Price of Freedom, pp. 1-11 (Xanedu and Reserve Desk).
Week 2. Jan. 22, 24. Overview of East European history to 1772.
Video: 1,000 Years of Polish History and Culture (Roger Conant).
2. Jagiellonian Poland,
Hungary – a video history. “ “
Reading: :Lecture Notes 1, 2. (Internet).
Res. Desk, Suppl Reading.
(A.R. Myers), Parliaments and Estates in Europe to 1789, ch.III, Emergence and Development of Parliaments (pp. 59-95 - comparative study of W. and E. Europe).
(Norman Davies) God’s Playground. A History of Poland, vol. I. - ch. 6. to 10 ( political, social and economic system of 16-18th c. Poland.
(Piotr S. Wandycz), The Price of Freedom. A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present, Introduction and ch. 1-2 (overview of medieval and early modern ECE).
(W. Czaplinski), Principle of Unanimity in the Polish Parliament (selected chapters)
(Chirot) Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe, ch. 2, Brenner, Economic Backwardness in E.Europe in Light of Developments in the West (pp.15-52)
Week 3. Jan. 29, 31. Decline and Partitions of Poland.
Video: 1,000 Years of Polish History and Culture, 3.
Reading: Lectures 2,3 (Internet)
Internet &Res. Desk.
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(K.Olszer), For Your Freedom and Ours, Polish Constitution, 1791, pp. 52-53; Tadeusz Kosciuszko, pp. 61-63.
Res.Desk. Suppl. Reading.(By title)
(R.R. Palmer) Age of Democratic Revolution, vol. 2, ch.XIII (13) Lessons of Poland, pp. 411-456;
also: New Constitution and the Government of Poland...Third of May, 1791.
(A.Walicki), Idea of Nation in the Main Currents of Political Thought of the Polish Enlightenment.
(J. Fedorowicz, ed). The Republic of Nobles, J.A. Gierowski, ch. 11, The Enlightenment in Polish History, pp. 218-238.
Week 3. Feb. 5,7. Modern European Nationalism: The Poles, 1795-1914.
Feb.5: Quiz no.1. (On Lectures 1-4)
Video: 1,000 Years of Polish History and Culture, 4.
Reading: Lectures 5a, 5b, 6. (Internet).
Internet & Res. Desk.
(Peter F. Sugar, ed), Eastern European Nationalism in the 20th century, Roman Dmowski, Thoughts of a Modern Pole, pp. 205-207.
(K.Olszer), For Your Freedom and Ours: From the Manifesto of the National Government of 1863, pp. 73-75; Aims of the Polish Socialist Party (1892), pp. 150-151
(Jelavich) The Habsburg Monarchy, Polish Nationalism: Mickiewicz.. pp. 1-13
Res. Desk. Suppl. Reading.
(Norman Davies) Gods’ Playground, vol. 2, ch. 9, Zydzi. The Jewish Community, pp. 240-258
(also in: Poland from Kings to Commissars)
(W. Jedrzejewicz) Pilsudski. A Life for Poland, Siberia, The Polish Socialist Party, Beginning of the Military Movement.
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[NOTE ON AUTHOR: Waclaw Jedrzejewicz, lived 1893-1993.Born into a Polish family in Spiczynce, Russia; schools in Warsaw; the Jagiellonian University, Krakow; fought in the Pilsudski Legions in WW I; in P. army in the Polish-Soviet War; served on Gen.Staff, then military attache in Japan; as Minister of Finance, later Education; moved gold of Polish bank via Romania to Paris, 1939-40; emigrated to U.S.1941; taught Russian for a living at Wellesley College, then Ripon College; became a historian; co-founder of Joseph Pilsudski Institute of America. He died in 1993 at age 100].
(Peter F. Sugar and Ivo Leders eds), Nationalism in Eastern Europe, Peter Brock, Polish Nationalism, pp. 310-350.
(Cienciala, ed), Poland from Kings to Commissars and After: Joseph Pilsudski, “Bibula - Secret Printing Presses,” 12 double pages.
(P.S. Wandycz) The Price of Freedom, ch.6.7 (overview of E.Central Europe, sp. att. to Poland).
Week 4. Feb. 12,-14. The Maygars and Hungary, 1795-1914; The Czechs and Slovaks, 1790-1914.
Video: Great Cities of the World - Budapest
Czechoslovakia
Reading. Lectures 7, 8a, 8b (Internet).
Internet & Res. Desk.
Jelavich, The Habsburg Monarchy, nos. 1, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 13.
Peter F. Sugar, ed. Eastern European Nationalism in the 20th century: Oskar Jaszi, “On Forcible Magyarisation,” pp. 205-207.
Mikulas Teich, ed., Bohemia in History, Jan Kren, “Changes in Identity: Germans in Bohemia and Moravia in the nineteenth and twentieth century,” pp. 324-343.
Res.Desk. Suppl. Reading.
The Magyars, in: (Robert A. Kann and Zdenek A. David, The Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918), pp. 350-375.
Or
(Peter S. Sugar and Ivo Lederer, eds), Nationalism in Eastern Europe, George Barany, Hungary... pp. 259-286.
Also
in same, Joseph F. Zacek, Nationalism in Czechoslovakia, pp. 166-192.
Week 5. Feb. 19, 21. The South Slavs and other Balkan Peoples to 1914.
Video: Eastern Europe, 1900-1939.
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Reading Lecture 9 (Internet).
Internet & Res. Desk.(Jelavich) Habsburg Monarchy, no.11. Two Views of from German Witnesses; 12. Rise of Yugoslav Nationalism; no.14. Three Judgments on the Collapse of the Monarchy.
Res. Desk. Suppl. Reading.
(Peter F. Sugar and Ivo Lederer), Nationalism in Eastern Europe: T.Zavalani, Albanian Nationalism, pp. 55-76; Martin V.Pundeff, Bulgarian Nationalism, pp. 93-136; Stephen G.Xydis, Modern Greek Nationalism, pp. 207-243; Stephen Fischer-Galati, Romanian Nationalism, pp. 373-390; Ivo J. Lederer, Nationalism and the Yugoslavs, pp. 396-428.
(Solomon Wank) The Nationalities Question in the Habsburg Monarchy: Reflections on the Historical Record.
Week 6. Feb. 26, 28. The South Slav Problem in the Austro‑Hungarian Empire; World War I: The Collapse of Empires and Emergence of National States.
Film/Video:Europe: The Mighty Continent: no. 4. The Drums Begin to Roll.
Reading: Internet: Lectures 10A and 10B..
Also:
Internet and Res.Desk: Jelavich, Habsburg Monarchy, sec.14. Three Judgments on the Collapse of the Monarchy.
Res.Desk. Supplementary Reading.
Solomon Wank, "Foreign Policy and the Nationality Problem in Austria‑Hungary, 1867‑1914," Austrian History Yearbook, v. III, pt. 3, pp. 37‑56.
Week 7. March 5, 7. The Rebirth of Poland: The Working out of the Polish-German Frontier, 1919-21; The Polish-Soviet War and the Establishment of the Polish-Soviet Frontier, 1919-1921.
March 5. Quiz no. 2. (on lectures 5-9).
Video: Eastern Europe 1900-1939.
Reading Lecture Notes 11A, 11B. (Internet).
Res. Desk.Suppl. Reading.
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(A.M. Cienciala) “Battle of Danzig and the Polish Corridor at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919,.
(A.M. Cienciala & Titus Komarnicki) From Versailles to Locarno. Keys to Polish Foreign Policy, 1919-1925. (chapters on Danzig, Upper Silesia, Polish-Lithuanian dispute over Vilna, East Galicia, 1919-1921).
(Norman Davies) “The Red Army’s Only Defeat,” (short article on Battle of Warsaw, Aug. 1920).
(W.Jedrzejewicz) Pilsudski. A Life for Poland: The Polish Legions, pp. 54-71; In Free Warsaw, pp. 72; The Year 1919, pp. 83-98; The Year 1920, Kiev...pp.99-108; The Battle of Warsaw, pp. 109-124; The Battle of the Niemen and the End of the War, pp.125-134.
Week 8. March 12,14. The Birth of Czechoslovakia. Defeat and Revolution in Hungary.
Video: Eastern Europe, 1900-1939.
Reading: Lecture Notes 12,13 (Internet).
Internet & Res. Desk.
Gerasimos Augustinos, ed., The National Idea in Eastern Europe, Thomas Masaryk, “The Principle of Nationality,” pp. 25-30.
Res.Desk.Suppl. Reading.
(Peter F.Sugar & Ivo Lederer), Nationalism in Eastern Europe. (further reading in chapters on Czechoslovakia and Hungary, for period 1914-21).
(Victor S. Mamatey and Radomir Luza), A History of the Czechoslovak Republic, ch.1.The Establishment of the Republic, pp. 3-38.
(Ivan Volgyes), Hungary in Revolution, 1918-19, pp. 158-169.
FIRST BOOK REPORTS DUE IN CLASS MARCH 14.
Week 9: SPRING BREAK: MARCH 18-24.
Week 10. March 26, 28.
Eastern Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939. Domestic Problems and Politics of (1) East Central Europe, (2) The Balkan States.
Video: Eastern Europe 1900-1939
The Jews of Poland.
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Reading: Lecture Notes 14A, 14B. (Internet).
Internet & Res. Desk.
(Jan Kren) “Changes in Identity. Germans in Bohemia and Moravia in the nineteenth and twentieth century,” (in: M.Teich, Bohemia in History).
(K.Olszer) For Your Freedom and Ours: From the Polish Constitution, March 17, 1921, pp.52-53..
(G.Augustinos ed), The National Idea in Eastern Europe, Jerzy Tomaszewski, “The National Question in Poland,..” pp. 44-54.
(Peter F. Sugar), Eastern European Nationalism in the 20th Century, Nichifor Crainic, Program for an Ethnocratic State
Res.Desk. Suppl. Reading.
(Mamatey and Luza) A History of the Czechoslovak Republic, ch. 4. The Germans in Pre-War Czechoslovakia, pp. 167-187.
(Mark Cornwall), “Dr. Edvard Benes and Czechoslovakia’s German Minority, 1918-1943.”
(C.A. Macartney), Hungary and Her Successors, 1937, pp. 284-330. An account of the Romanian policy toward the Hungarians in Transylvania in the inter-war period by a British historian sympathetic to Hungary.
(Antony Polonsky), The Little Dictators: ch. 1. Poland, pp.26-43 (note that his interpretation of Polish foreign policy in 1933-39 is very different from that in Cienciala Lecture Notes 15A,15B); ch.2. Hungary, pp. 44-62; ch.6. The Czechoslovak Exception, pp. 107-126. Statistical Appendix, pp. 157-191).
Peter F. Sugar and Ivo Lederer, Nationalism in Eastern Europe, (further reading in chapters on countries of E.Europe for the inter-war period).
(W.Jedrzejewicz) Pilsudski. A Life for Poland, pp. 135-347 (covers period 1921-May 1935, includes foreign policy).
(A. Polonsky), Politics in Independent Poland, (best on domestic politics, but compare his account of Polish foreign policy with Cienciala Lecture Notes 15A, 15B and articles).
(P.S. Wandycz) The Price of Freedom, ch. 7. Difficult Independence, (“Politics” - overview of E.Central Europe 1918-39).
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Week 11. April 2, 4. (1) The Roots of Appeasement to 1937; (2) Appeasement carried out: Austria and Czechoslovakia, 1938.
Video: Munich. A piece of Paper.
Reading: Lecture Notes 15A and 15B (Internet)
Res. Desk;Suppl.Reading.
(Wark, Wesley) “Appeasement Revisited,” (historiography).
(Cienciala) “Polish Foreign Policy, 1926-1939. ‘Equilibrium:’ Stereotype and Reality” (analysis showing Poland was not pro-German but tried to balance between Germany and USSR).
(Mamatey & Luza) History of the Czechoslovak Republic, ch. 7 - Keith Eubank, Munich (good, general treatment)..
(Gerhard Weinberg, A.M. Cienciala, W. Rock) W. “The Munich Crisis Revisited,” International History Review, vol. XI, no. 4, Nov. 1989. (3 views on 50th anniversary of the crisis, read at a conference held in late 1988).
(Wandycz) Price of Freedom, ch. 7 - “International Relations” - (excellent overview in interwar period).
(Igor Lukes) “Stalin and Benes at the End of September 1938.” (dismisses theory that Stalin wanted to help Czechoslovakia).
(A.Cienciala) “The View from Warsaw: Reappraising the Munich Pact.” (Analysis of Polish for. policy in Maya Latynski, ed., Reappraising the Munich Pact, paper read at a conference, 1988, and published 1992).
Week 12. April 9, 11. (1) The British Guarantee to Poland and the Coming of World War II.
(2) E.Europe and the Polish Question in World War II.
Video: Struggles for Poland: Friends & Neighbors.
Reading: Lecture Notes 16A and 16B (Internet)
Internet & Res. Desk:
(Olszer) Declaration of Principles of the Polish Government in London.
(W.Bartoszewski,) “Polish-Jewish Relations in Occupied Poland.”
(Olszer) The Status of Jews in Independent Poland.
Res. Desk. Suppl. Reading.
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(Korbonski)”Decrees and Pronouncements of the Government Delegates” (ch.VIII on organization of Polish resistance movement, in: Polish Underground State) “Jews under Occupation” ( same, ch. XVIII) both in: Poland from Kings to Commissars).
(Cienciala) “Poland in British and French Policy in 1939: Determination to Fight or Avoid War?”
Polish Review, no. 3, 1989 (3 copies, also in: Poland from Kings to Commissars).
(Wandycz) Price of Freedom, ch.7 “ ”The Second World War” (over view of ECE)
Treaty of Nonaggression between Germany and USSR and Secret Protocol, Aug. 23, 1939, in: Poland from Kings to Commissars, pp. 67- 69.
(Michael J. Charlton), “The Spectre of Yalta,” (in: Poland from Kings to Commisars).
Week 13. April 16, 18. Eastern Europe 1945-1956. Czechoslovakia 1968.
Videos: Hungary 1956
Czechoslovakia 1968
April 16: Quiz no. 3 (on E.Europe 1919-45)
Reading: Lectures Notes 17A and 17B (Internet)
Internet & Res. Desk: The Trial of Laszlo Rajk; From an Address by Wladyslaw Gomulka, Oct. 26, 1956. (in Stokes: From Stalinism to Pluralism).
Res. Desk. Suppl. Reading
“Czechoslovak Blueprint for Freedom.” (April 1968: Program to liberalize communism).
(Wandycz Price of Freedom: ch. 8). The Hard Road to Freedom (2nd ed., 2001, surveys ECE history up to 1999/ 2000).
(Gales Stokes) From Stalinism to Pluralism, pt. I, The Stalinist Moment; pt.II. The Marxist Critique;
“Stalinist Poland, 1945-1956” (in: Poland from Kings to Commisars).
2nd BOOK REPORTS DUE IN CLASS APRIL 25.(3rd reports for Grads. May 2)
Week 14. April 23, 25. Poland 1956-1981. Czechoslovakia and Hungary 1968-1980.
Video: Dateline 1980. Poland.
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E.Europe, 1956-91.