9/26/2008 Page 100 of 100
Standard Paragraphs
API CRE Subcommittee on Mechanical Equipment
REVISION 25
Sept 25, 2008
SPECIAL NOTES
API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.
API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal laws.
Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.
Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Downstream Segment [telephone (202) 682-8000]. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the general manager of the Downstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the general manager.
API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.
Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.
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API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Copyright © 1999 American Petroleum Institute
FOREWORD
This standard is based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of manufacturers and users of ________. The objective of this standard is to provide a purchase specification to facilitate the procurement and manufacturer of _________ for use in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services.
The primary purpose of this standard is to establish minimum requirements. This limitation in scope is one of charter as opposed to interest and concern.
Energy conservation is of concern and has become increasingly important in all aspects of equipment design, application, and operation. Thus innovative energy conserving approaches should be aggressively pursued by the manufacturer and the user during these steps. Alternative approaches that may result in improving energy utilization should be thoroughly investigated and brought forth. This is especially true of new equipment proposals, since the evaluation or purchase options will be based increasingly on total life costs as opposed to acquisition cost alone. Equipment manufacturers, in particular, are encouraged to suggest alternatives to those specified when such approaches achieve improved energy effectiveness and reduced total life costs without sacrifice of safety or reliability.
This standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features. Although it is recognized that the purchaser may desire to modify, delete, or amplify sections of this standard, it is strongly recommended that such modifications, deletions, and amplifications be made by supplementing this standard, rather than by rewriting or incorporating sections thereof into another standard.
API standards are published as an aid to procurement of standardized equipment and materials. These standards are not intended to inhibit purchasers or producers from purchasing or producing products made to other standards.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of the Downstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION CONCERNING USE OF ASBESTOS
OR ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
Asbestos is specified or referenced for certain components of the equipment described in some API standards. It has been of extreme usefulness in minimizing fire hazards associated with petroleum processing. It has also been a universal sealing material, compatible with most refining fluid services.
Certain serious adverse health effects are associated with asbestos, among them the serious and often fatal diseases of lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the chest and abdominal linings). The degree of exposure to asbestos varies with the product and the work practices involved.
Consult the most recent edition of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Standard for Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite, 29 Code of Federal Regulations Section 1910.1001; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Standard for Asbestos, 40 Code of Federal Regulations Sections 61.140 through 61.156; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule on labeling requirements and phased banning of asbestos products (Sections 763.160-179).
There are currently in use and under development a number of substitute materials to replace asbestos in certain applications. Manufacturers and users are encouraged to develop and use effective substitute materials that can meet the specifications for, and operating requirements of, the equipment to which they would apply.
SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR PRODUCTS OR MATERIALS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THAT PRODUCT OR MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.
Introduction
Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differening requirements may be needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly appropriate where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details.
Discussion: The proposal section para 9.2.1 indicates description of alternative designs is required to be presented in the proposal.
Annex A specifies calculations for specific speed and suction specific speed.
Annex B contains schematic drawings of cooling water and lubrication systems.
Annex C specifies requirements for hydraulic power recovery turbines.
Annex D specifies requirements for standard baseplates.
Annex E contains an inspector's checklist.
Annex F specifies criteria for piping design.
Annex G give guidance on material class selection.
Annex H specifies requirements and gives guidance on materials selection.
Annex I specifies requirements for lateral analysis.
Annex J specifies requirements for determining residual unbalance.
Annex K contains seal chamber runout illustrations.
Annex L contains forms which may be used to indicate vendor drawing and data requirements.
Annex M contains forms which may be used to record test data.
Annex N contains data sheets which purchasers are encouraged to use.
Discussion: ISO requires that the Annexes are numbered sequentially as they are referenced in the text. [ ISO Directives Part 2 - 4the edition 2001, paragraph 5.2.6]. Since the next paragraph references data sheets the data sheets would appear as Annex A if the above listing was not present. Thus by prelisting the Annexes before any of the other text, the annexes are placed in the desired order. The above is an excert from API 610. Each TF should determine the order in which they want the Annexes to appear.
This International Standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features.
A bullet (·) at the beginning of a subclause or paragraph indicates that either a decision by, or further information from, the purchaser is required. Further information should be shown on the data sheets (see example in Annex XX) or stated in the quotation request and purchase order.[ISO Comment to 619]
In this International Standard, US Customary units are included in brackets for information.
Discussion: Bullets appear when the wording " if specified”, "the purchaser shall specify" or the purchaser “should”appears in the paragraph. A bullet is not required for "unless otherwise specified" or when a decision has been previously made and the phrase "When XXXXX has been specified" is used.
“When” specified has been replaced with “If specified” since “When” is a time and “if” is in the event that. Therefore “If” is proper, not “ when”.
Discussion: Information in square brackets i.e [ XXX ] are for Task Force use and reference only.
CONTENTS
1 Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3 Definition of Terms 3
4 General 13
4.1 Unit Responsibility 13
4.2 Unit Conversion 13
4.3 Nomenclature 13
5 Requirements 13
5.1 Dimensions 13
5.2 Statutory Requirements 14
5.3 Alternative Designs 14
5.4 Conflicting Requirements 14
6 Basic Design 14
6.1 General 14
6.2 Pressure Casings (or Cylinders) 20
6.3 Casings (or Cylinder) Appurtenances 24
6.4 Pressure Casings (or Cylinder) Connections 24
6.5 External Forces and Moments 27
6.6 Rotating Elements (or Gear Elements) 27
6.7 Seals 28
6.8 Dynamics 28
6.9 Bearings and Bearing Housings 41
6.10 Lubrication 48
6.11 Materials 56
6.12 Nameplates and Rotation Arrows 68
7 Accessories 69
7.1 Drivers 69
7.2 Couplings and Guards 71
7.3 Belt Drives 73
7.4 Mounting Plates 74
7.5 Controls and Instrumentation 78
7.6 Piping 88
7.7 Special Tools 94
7.8 Coatings, Insulation and Jacketing 94
7.9 Starting Equipment 94
7.10 Fuel System 94
8 Inspection, Testing and Preparation for Shipment 94
8.1 General 94
8.2 Inspection 95
8.3 Testing 98
8.4 Preparation for Shipment 105
9 Vendor’s Data 107
9.1 General 107
9.2 Proposals 108
9.3 Contract Data 110
Informative Annex
1 Discussion on Flanges
2 Discussion on Surface Finish
3 Discussion on L10 Life of rolling element bearings
4 Discussion on L10 Life for two and four bearing systems
5 Manufacturers allowableDmN vis API allowable
6 Manufacturers NDm used to determine API allowable
7 Screw Threads
Figures
3 Undamped Critical Speed Map 30
Tables
1 Driver Trip Speed 17
6.9-1 Bearing Selection 47
6.9-2 Anti-Friction Bearing Limiting ndm Factors………………………………………………...
2 (Reference for placement of this table only) 83
3 Minimum Requirements for Piping Materials 91
4 Maximum Severity of Defects in Castings 97
E-2 International Materials Standards 113
Standard Paragraphs
API CRE Subcommittee on Mechanical Equipment
Discussion:
1. Titles of API SOME mechanical equipment specifications that reference “refinery service” should be changed to include “service in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services.”
Discussion: New Work Items (NWI) submitted to ISO TC 67 should read “Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries – (Equipment covered). The primary difference between the ISO and SOME title is that the API title includes “Chemical” instead of “Petrochemical” and “Gas Industry services” instead of “Natural Gas”. The API title has broader application since Gas Industries can also apply to the Air Separation industry and “Chemical” is broader than “Petrochemicals”.
ISO TC 67 titles are limited to the scope of that technical committee i.e petroleum and natural gas industries. TC’s other than TC67 are “equipment”focused and are not limited to a specific industry. Thus standards not in TC 67 such as pumps, compressors, seals have the option to include only the equipment and not the industry in the title. For example ( API 682) i.e.ISO 21049 title is “Pumps- shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps”.
ISO titled documents which have “Petrochemical” in their title will have to be adopted back using “chemical, and gas industries”. ISO titles for standards not in TC 67 which have only the equipment or the API “petroleum, chemical, and gas industries” can be adopted without a title change. It is therefore recommended that ISO standards not in TC 67 read like the API title or not reference the industry such as the above example for ISO 21049.
TF Chairs should include the appropriate proposed title when submitting a project justification to iniate work on an API document.
2. As the result of the request to provide insight into the standard paragraphs, a discussion paragraph has been added after some of the paragraphs. Discussion paragraphs are more informal than note paragraphs and are for the guidance of the TF and are not intended for inclusion and publication in the standards. NOTE paragraphs are part of the standard.
3. During review of this issue of the SPs it has been suggested these discussion paragraphs
be included in the base specifications. The SP task Force has decided to leave it up to each task force chair to determine the extent to which he chooses to incorporate any discussion paragraphs.
1 Scope
This standard covers the minimum requirements for [TF Chairmen: description or limitation on the type insert the equipment the standard covers here] for use in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services. [The remainder of this paragraph generally gives further definition of equipment to which the standard is to be applied]
2 Normative References
Discussion: The referencing of standards in this document is presented in one of the following formats. The choice of the format depends upon the availability of similar documents: