AP Biology: Cell Cycle/Cell Communication Exam

Name______Date______

List 3 key roles of cell division.

1.

2.

3.

4.  Place the following terms in order as they occur beginning with the steps of interphase: prometaphase, G2, telophase, prophase, anaphase, G1, metaphase, S, and cytokinesis

Answer the following questions using the phases found in the cell cycle that are mentioned in question 4:

5.  Nucleus begins to fragment ______

6.  DNA is being synthesized ______

7.  Phase where chromosomes become visible ______

8.  Cells split into two ______

9.  Asters begin to appear on the centrosomes ______

10.  Chromasomes line up in center ______

11.  Nucleoli reappear ______

12.  Centered on growth ______

13.  Centromeres are dissolved ______

14.  spindle fibers begin assembly ______

15.  The spindle fibers attach to the kinetichore of the chromosomes ______

16.  Which three have chromatin present in the cell?

17.  If a somatic cell (body cell) of a diploid organism has 6 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis (mitotic cell division)?

18.  Which picture below depicts cytokinesis of an animal cell? (Left or Right)

19.  Which mitotic phase are these cells in?

20.  (True of False) Mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, results in the formation of two genetically different daughter cells.

21.  How many chromatids are in a duplicated chromosome?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 4

d. 8

22. A biologist is measuring the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory. When would the quantity of DNA in a cell seem to double?

a. during G1 interphase

b. during prophase

c. during S phase of interphase

d. during G2 phase of interphase

e. during M phase

23. Which two phases of mitosis are essentially opposite with respect to changes in the nucleus?

a. prophase and interphase

b. prophase and metaphase

c. metaphase and anaphase

d. metaphase and telophase

e. prophase and telophase

Matching:

A.  Metastisis

B.  Meiosis

C.  Binary Fission

D.  Mitosis

E.  Cleavage furrow

F.  Centromer

G.  Centrioles

H.  Chromatids

I.  Centrosomes

J.  Centrioles

K.  Cytokinesis

L.  Apical Meristem

M.  Cell Plate

N.  Dinner Plate

O.  Metapahase Plate

P.  Kinetochore microtubules

Q.  Kinetochore

R.  Gamete

S.  Genome

T.  Spindle Fibers

U.  Mitosis

V.  Protein Kinases

W.  G0 phase

X.  Growth Factors

Y.  Mitotic spindle

Z.  Benign

AA.  CDks (Cyclin-dependent Kinases)

BB. Anchorage dependence

CC. Zygote

DD.  Checkpoint

EE. Transformation

FF.  Growth factor

GG.  Density dependent inhibition

HH.  Somatic Cells

II.  Polar microtubules

JJ.  Malignant

KK.  Sex Cells

____24. Most human cells are in this phase, a non dividing state

____25. Formed during cytokinesis in plant cells

____26. The carrying of cancer cells in the blood or lymphatic tissues to other parts of the body

____27. Disease that refers to cells that have escaped the cell cycle control

____28. Site of spindle fiber assembly

____29. A second protein that is required for cells to begin dividing, levels are not present in constant amounts

____30. Found only in animals and are thought to have a roll in spindle fiber assembly

____31. Site where chromosomes settle midway between the two poles of the cell

____32. Loose Genetic Material

____33. Found on each chromatid for spindle fiber attachment

____34. An example of this are cultured cells dividing until they fully cover the plate and cell division stops.

____35. Microtubules that span the length of the nucleus without attaching to kinetochores.

____36. Loose genetic material found in the nucleus when the cells are not dividing.

____37. The asexual division of the cells nucleus forming two daughter nuclei

____38. Genetically identical copies that make up a chromosome

____39. Critical points in the cell cycle where stop and go signals regulate the cell cycle.

____40. Connection point between chromatids

____41. fibers composed of microtubules and associated proteins; a major driving force in mitosis

Match the following statements with the correct letter.

  1. Prokaryotic
  2. Plants
  3. Animals
  4. Both Plants and Animals
  5. Prokaryotes, Plants and Animals

____42. Divide cells through binary fission

____43. Have multiple chromosomes

____44. Can produce new cells asexually

____45. Contain centrioles

____46. Chromosome division begins at one point called the origin of replication

____47. Use mitotic spindle for moving chromosomes

____48. Use cleavage furrow

____49. Has the least amount of DNA

____50. Circular chromosome

A. B.

C. D. E.

Match the following with the pictures above:

____51. Metaphase

____52. Telokinesis

____53. Prophase

____54. Anaphase

____55. Interphase

____56. Which phase of the cell cycle do cells spend most of there time in? Use the pictures above.

____57. Which phase of Mitosis do cells spend most of there time in? Use the pictures above.

Select either mitosis or meiosis to answer the following questions.

______58. By what process are the damaged cells in a wound replaced?

______59. By what process are eggs formed?

______60. By what process does a zygote develop into a multicellular organism?

______61. In which process are identical daughter cells produced?

______62. Which process reduces chromosome number of daughter cells?

Matching

A.  Signal transduction pathway

B.  Gap junction

C.  Transcription factor

D.  Ion Channel Receptor

E.  Ligand

F.  cAMP

G.  G Protein-Coupled Receptors

H.  Plasmodesmata

I.  First messengers

J.  GTP

K.  Second messengers

L.  Protein Kinase

M.  protein phosphatases

N.  Paracrine Signaling

O.  Ca++

P.  Synaptic Signaling

Q.  Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

R.  Hormone Signaling

____63. ____64. ____65. These three could be used to initiate a signal transduction pathway and are found in the cell’s membrane.

____66. This type of membrane receptor may activate ten or more different transduction pathways and cellular responses.

____67. the term for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one. (Generally causes a receptor protein to undergo a change in shape.)

____68. Animal nervous system – An electrical signal along a nerve cell triggers the secretion of a chemical signal carried by a neurotransmitter.

____69. A long distance traveler; use the circulatory system in animals

____70. Junction in plant cells that allow for continuous cytoplasmic steaming between two adjacent cells.

____71. An enzymes that catalyze the removal of the phosphate groups from the proteins, making them inactive and available for reuse.

____72. Provides the energy needed to initiate a response from a G Protein Coupled Receptor.

____73. ____12. Two examples of second messengers

____74. Second messenger involved in muscle contractions

75. True or False: Signaling molecules such as ligands usually move inside of the cell to initiate a signal transduction pathway.

76. What are the three phases of a signal transduction pathway?

77. List two benefits for having multistep pathways for cell signaling.

78. What do most signaling pathways ultimately control?

79. In what body system are ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated ion channels of particular importance?