8Th Grade Science CST Released Questions Packetdo NOT WRITE ON

8th Grade Science CST Released Questions PacketDO NOT WRITE ON

Directions: For this assignment you must answer all released CST questions. For each question, write down the letter of your answer choice on a separate piece of paper. Questions that require calculations must include the correct equation used, proof that you understood what information was given to you in the question, and how you then put the two together to find the correct answer.

You can choose to turn this assignment in early to get feedback and allow for time to redo any missed questions. When you turn in your assignment, I will mark complete/correct answers as correct and will mark those that are incorrect or missing as incorrect. You will then need to go back and fix any answers that are incorrect/incomplete and then resubmit the assignment.

Here is the grading scale:

PART A: Motion

1. Which of the following describes an objects position. (1.a)

1. To get to the school, just travel 5km and then another 2km
2. Just drive north and then east and you’ll get to the deli
3. From the corner store go 500m south and then 200m east
4. The burger place is just 1km from my house

2. What is the average speed of an object that travels 50m in 25 minutes? (1.b)

1. .5 m/min
2. 2 m/min
3. 25 m/min
4. 50 m/min

3. Zach throws a ball straight up into the air. The height of the ball at different times is shown in the table below. (1.b)

What is the average speed of the ball from 3s to 4s?

1. 5 m/s
2. 8 m/s
3. 12 m/s
4. 15 m/s

4. An athlete can run 9 kilometers in 1 hour. If the athlete runs at the same average speed for 30 minutes, how far will the athlete travel? (1.c)

1. 18 kilometers
2. 9 kilometers
3. 4.5 kilometers
4. 3.3 kilometers

5. The graph below shows the movement of an object at several points in time. (1.b)

What is the average speed of the object?

1. 0.5 m/s
2. 2 m/s
3. 25 m/s
4. 50 m/s
   

6. How much time is required for a bike to travel a distance of 100m at an average speed of 2 m/s? (1.c)

1. .02s
2. 50s
3. 100s
4. 200s

7. Which of the following represents the velocity of a moving object? (1.d)

1. 40
2. 40 m north
3. 40 m/s
4. 40 m/s north

8. Which characteristic of motion could change without changing the velocity of an object? (1.e)

1. this speed
2. the position
3. the direction
4. the acceleration

9. An object moving in a straight line is accelerating at a rate of 1 m/s2. Which of the following is changing? (1.e)

1. Position and velocity
2. Velocity and acceleration
3. Position only
4. Speed only

10. The graph below shows how the position of an object changes over time. (1.f)

What is the speed of the object during the time interval from 4 seconds to 10 seconds?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 8
4. 16

11. The graph below shows the speed of a vehicle over time. (1.f)

How far did the vehicle travel during the first 2 seconds?

1. .2 m
2. 5 m
3. 10 m
4. 20 m

PART B: Forces

12. A force is acting on each of the objects below. (2.a)

What can be concluded about these forces?

1. They are the same because they point toward the objects.
2. They are the same because they have the same magnitude
3. They are different because they have different magnitudes.
4. They are different because they have different directions.

13. To describe a force, you need to include its (2.a)

1. Magnitude only
2. Direction only
3. Magnitude and direction
4. Magnitude, direction, and velocity

14. Two students are pushing a cart, as shown below. (2.b)

The cart will move as if it were being acted on

by a single force with a magnitude of

1. 50 N
2. 150 N
3. 200 N
4. 350 N

15. A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will (2.c)

1. Flatten due to the forces.
2. Fall at a constant speed.
3. Continue to speed up.
4. Slow to a stop.

16. Kate pulls her little brother up a hill on a wagon. Which force is not acting on the wagon? (2.d)

1. Friction
2. Gravity
3. Magnetism
4. Tension

17. Four forces are acting on a box, as shown below. (2.e)

This box will increase in speed

1. Downward and to the left
2. Downward and to the right
3. Upward and to the left
4. Upward and to the right

18. An object that is being subjected to an unbalanced force will (2.e)

1. Accelerate
2. Remain at a constant velocity
3. Change its molecular components
4. Experience an ionized charge

19. A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would be most likely require additional force to produce the same results? (2.f)

1. Reduce the mass of the box
2. Increase the mass of the box
3. Make the surface of the box smooth
4. Make the surface of the floor smooth

20. A heavy object requires (2.f)

1. The same amount of force to move as a lighter object
2. More force to move than a lighter object
3. The same amount of force to move as a lighter object
4. A varying amount of force to move as a lighter object

21. The force keeping all objects in the universe from flying out into space is (2.g)

1. Friction
2. Heat
3. Gravity
4. Nuclear

22. A spring scale is pulled downward and readings are recorded. (9.e)

If the spring scale is pulled 3.5 cm, the spring scale should read

1. 12 N
2. 13 N
3. 14 N
4. 15 N

PART C: Density & Buoyancy

23. What is the property that describes how much mass in a given volume of an object? (8.a)

1. Weight
2. Density
3. Size
4. Space

24. Juliana used a balance to find the masses of a solid block of lead and a solid block of pinewood. The two blocks have the exact same volumes, but the balance shows that the lead has a higher mass. How do the densities of the two blocks compare? (8.a)

1. The densities are the same
2. The lead block is denser than the wood block
3. The wood block is denser than the lead block
4. The question cannot be answered without knowing the exact mass and volume of each block

25. Red-clay bricks have a density of approximately 2000 g/cm3. Air has a density of 1 g/cm3. (8.b)

Which of the following has the lowest mass?

1. 2 m3 of bricks
2. 4 m3 of bricks
3. 6000 m3 of air
4. 10,000 m3 of air

26. Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm3. What volume of lead has a mass of 226 g? (8.b)

1. 0.05 cm3
2. 10 cm3
3. 20 cm3
4. 25 cm3

27. A piece of pinewood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts (8.c)

1. An upward force equal to the weight of the wood
2. A downward force equal to the weight of the wood
3. An upward force equal to the weight of the displaced water
4. An downward force equal to the weight of the displaced water

28. The following table shows properties of four different sample materials. One of these materials is cork, a type of wood that floats in water. (8.d)

Given that the density of water is 1 g/mL. Which of the samples is likely cork?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

29. The densities of four different woods are shown below. (8.d)

Which wood will sink when places in a fluid with a density of 1.14 g/cm3?

1. African teakwood
2. Balsa
3. Cedar
4. Ironwood

PART D: Atoms & the Properties of Matter

30. Which of the following best describes an atom? (3.a)

1. Protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern
2. Protons and electrons grouped together in an alternative pattern
3. A core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
4. A core oF electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons

31. Which of the following is found farthest from the center of an atom? (3.a)

1. Nucleus
2. Proton
3. Neutron
4. Electron

32. When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O2), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is (3.b)

1. A solution
2. A mixture
3. A compound
4. An element

33. Which of the following best describes what happens to the electrons of atoms during a chemical change? (3.b)

1. Electrons jump to or are shared with other atoms
2. Electrons merge with protons to form neutrons
3. Electrons are created or destroyed
4. Electrons lose mass and increase in kinetic energy

34. When a salt crystal forms, the interactions between the sodium and chloride ions produce a cubic structure. What does this indicate about the behavior of the sodium and chloride ions? (3.c)

1. Their interactions are random and disorganized
2. They produce slender chains of linked molecules
3. They order themselves in repeating patterns in all three dimensions
4. Their positions are constantly changing

35. Suppose you have a substance that can exist in the solid, liquid, and gas states. Which of the following lists these states in the order of increasing rate of particle motion? (3.d)

1. Solid, liquid, gas
2. Liquid, solid, gas
3. Solid, gas, liquid
4. Gas, liquid, solid

36. If you remove heat energy from a gas in a closed container, which of the following will happen to the molecules of that gas? (3.e)

1. Their masses will increase, and their motion will decrease
2. Their masses will decrease, and the frequency of collisions will decrease
3. Their motion will increase, and the frequency of collisions will increase
4. Their motion will decrease, and the frequency of collisions will decrease

37. Which of the following correctly matches the state of matter with its description? (3.e)

1. Plasma – particles vibrate, don’t move
2. Solid – particles loosely connected, can slide paste each other
3. Gas – particles free to move, collide frequently
4. Liquid – particles electrically charged, free to move

38. What is the name of the indicated atom in the acetic acid molecule shown below? (3.f)

1. Carbon
2. Calcium
3. Chromium
4. Copper

39. What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and bromine (Br) have in common? (7.a)

1. They are noble (inert) gases
2. They are nonmetals
3. They have the same thermal conductivity
4. They have the same number of protons

Part E: The Periodic Table

40. A diagram of the periodic table of the elements is shown below. (7.a)

In which region of the table would nonmetals be found?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

41. In a comparison of metals to nonmetals, metals tend to have (7.b)

1. Lower melting points and greater conductivity than nonmetals
2. Lower conductivity and lower density than nonmetals
3. Higher density and lower melting points than nonmetals
4. Greater conductivity and higher melting points than nonmetals.

42. Which class of elements best conducts electricity? (7.c)

1. Metals
2. Nonmetals
3. Semimetals
4. Noble (inert) gases

43. The table below shoes the atomic mass of four stable calcium (Ca) isotopes. (7.b)

What characteristic is different in each isotope?

1. The position in the periodic table of elements
2. The net charge of the nucleus
3. The mass of the protons in the nucleus
4. The number of neutrons in the nucleus

44. Which of the following could be the element oxygen (O)? (7.b)

1. An ion with 9 electrons, 8 protons, and 9 neutrons
2. An atom with 9 electrons, 9 protons, and 9 neutrons
3. An ion with 8 electrons, 9 protons, and 8 neutrons
4. An atom with 8 electrons, 7 protons, and 8 neutrons

45. Which of the following correctly compares the elements in column VII A of the periodic table with the elements in group 1? (7.c)

1. The elements in group 7 are generally denser than the elements in group 1.
2. Group 1 elements are better conductors of electricity than the elements in group 7.
3. Group 7 elements are better conductors of thermal energy than the elements in the group 1.
4. Group 1 elements have lower melting points than the elements in group 7.

46. Which of the following is a property of fluorine (F), a nonmetal? (7.c)

1. It is a good conductor of electricity and heat
2. It is a gas at room temperature and pressure
3. It can be drawn into wires
4. It is shiny

Part F: Outer Space

47. The galaxies pictured above would best be classified as (4.a)

1. Barred galaxies
2. Spiral galaxies
3. Irregular galaxies
4. Symmetrical galaxies

48. A galaxy is best described as a cluster of (4.a)

1. Hundreds of stars
2. Thousands of stars
3. Millions of stars
4. Billions of stars

49. Astronomers use spectroscopes to study the radiant light from stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Spectroscopic analysis reveals the elements that those stars contain. What do such studies help astronomers to understand better in out own solar system? (4.b)

1. The sun
2. Asteroid
3. Comets
4. Moons

50. Stars differ from each other in many ways. In which of the following do stars not differ from each other?(4.b)

1. The wavelength of light they emit
2. The source of energy that powers them
3. The average energy of motion in their particles
4. The masses, volumes, and densities

51. To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the (4.c)

1. Meter
2. Kilometer
3. Light-year
4. Astronomical Unit

52. The stars Sirius, is about 8.5 light-years from the sun, the star Vega is about 25.5 light-years from the sun. Given this information, which statement is true? (4.c)

1. The light from Sirius travels about 1/3 as fast as the light from Vega
2. Vega is traveling away from the sun about 3 times faster than Sirius
3. Vega is about 17 times farther from the sun than is Sirius
4. Light from Vega takes about 17 years longer to reach the sun than does the light from Sirius

53. Which of the following sets contains only objects that shine as a result of reflected light? (4.d)

1. Moons, planets, and comets
2. Moons, comets, and stars
3. Planets, stars, and comets
4. Planets, stars and moons

54. An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely (4.e)

1. A planet
2. An asteroid
3. A meteor
4. A comet

55. Suppose that aliens drag the planet Mars to half its present distance form the planet sun. What would happen? (4.e)

1. The Martian year would lengthen
2. The Martian year would shorten
3. The Martian day would lengthen
4. The Martian day would shorten

Part G: Physical Changes & Chemical Reactions

56. Copper (Cu) reacts with Oxygen (O) to form Copper Oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely (5.a)

1. Different from Copper or oxygen
2. Similar to both copper and oxygen
3. Similar to only copper
4. Similar to only oxygen

57. Which of the following is a compound. (5.a)

1. Atmospheric oxygen (O2)
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
3. Gold (Au)
4. Potassium ion (K+)

58. The following equations represent chemical reactions. (5.b)

Which equation shows that the total mass during a chemical reaction stays the same?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

59. Doctor Halite combined sodium metal with chlorine gas to make Sodium Chloride (table salt). The chemical reaction used up all the metal and all the gas. If Dr. Halite made 116g of table salt and started with 68 grams of chlorine gas. How many grams of sodium metal did he start with? (5.b)

1. 22g
2. 48g
3. 68g
4. 168g

60. Which of the following forms of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions? (5.c)

1. Light energy
2. Electrical energy
3. Sound energy
4. Heat energy

61. The neutralization between an acid and a base is usually endothermic. The type of energy observed by this type of reaction is (5.c)

1. Water
2. Oxygen gas
3. Heat
4. Sound

62. As a sample of water turns to ice, (5.d)

1. New molecules are formed
2. The mass of the sample is increased
3. The arrangement of the molecules changes.
4. Energy is absorbed by the molecules.

63. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change. (5.d)

1. A chuck of metal being hammered until it is flat
2. A piece of chalk being crushed into powder
3. A solid rock melting into magma
4. An iron bridge turning brownish red over the years.

64. The table below shows the pH and reaction to litmus paper of four body fluids. (5.e)

This data indicates that gastric juice is

1. Very acidic
2. Very basic
3. Positively charged
4. Negatively charged

65. Hal places a positive the positive and negative electrodes of a battery into an aqueous solution and measures the current that the solution conducts. The solution does not appear to conduct electricity. (5.e)

1. Acidic or neutral
2. Basic or neutral
3. Neutral only
4. Basic or Acidic

Part H: Chemistry of Living Things

66. What characteristic of carbon (C) makes it essential to living organisms? (6.a)

1. Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions
2. Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.
3. Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.
4. Carbon exists in radioactive forms.

67. What three elements are commonly found in both fats and sugars. (6.b)

1. Carbon, Helium and Hydrogen
2. Carbon, Sulfur and Sodium
3. Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
4. Carbon, Iron and Oxygen

68. Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen to form large molecules (6.c)

1. Sodium (Na)
2. Lithium (Li)
3. Sulfur (S)
4. Carbon (C)

69. Amino acids are sometimes called the building blocks of life. What type of molecule are amino acids the building blocks of (6.c)

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Nucleic acids
4. Proteins

Part I: Investigation and Experimentation

70. Zach wants to find out whether the baseballs used in his league fly farther than the baseballs used last year. He has noticed that many more home runs have been hit this year than last, so he thinks the new balls have more bounce. Zach wants to design an experiment to test this idea. What is Zach’s hypothesis?

1. Many more home runs have been hit this year than last year

1. The balls are flying farther this year than last year
2. The new balls used by the baseball league have more bounce
3. An experiment will test whether the baseballs fly farther

71. The following table shows distances that a paper airplane flew on five different trials with different placements of a paperclip weight on the airplane.

In which trials would you suspect a lack of accuracy?

1. Trials 1 and 2 for clip distance of 3m
2. Trials 2 and 3 for clip distance of 4m
3. Trials 4 and 5 for clip distance of 5m
4. No data points seem inaccurate

72. Jose experimented with how long it took different amounts of water to boil. He boiled 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 g of water in the same pot. Between each trial, he let the pot and the burner cool to room temperature. What was the independent variable in Jose’s study?